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Ch03 c,living uints,mission
1.
Human Anatomy &
Physiology SEVENTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, Bluegrass Technical and Community College C H A P T E R 3Cells: The P A R T C Living Units
2.
Golgi Apparatus
Stacked and flattened membranous sacs Functions in modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins Transport vessels from the ER fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
3.
Golgi Apparatus
Proteins then pass through the Golgi apparatus to the trans face Secretory vesicles leave the trans face of the Golgi stack and move to designated parts of the cell Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
4.
Golgi Apparatus Copyright
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.20a
5.
Role of the
Golgi Apparatus Cisterna Rough ER Golgi apparatus Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plasma membrane Figure 3.21 Lysosomes containing acid hydrolase enzymes Vesicle incorporated into plasma membrane Secretion by exocytosis Extracellular fluid Coatomer coat Phagosome Proteins in cisterna Membrane Vesicle Pathway 3 Pathway 2 Secretory vesicles Proteins Pathway 1
6.
Role of the
Golgi Apparatus Cisterna Rough ER Golgi apparatus Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.21 Secretion by exocytosis Extracellular fluid Proteins in cisterna Membrane Vesicle Secretory vesicles Proteins Pathway 1
7.
Role of the
Golgi Apparatus Proteins in cisterna Membrane Vesicle Cisterna Rough ER Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plasma membrane Figure 3.21 Vesicle incorporated into plasma membrane Secretion by exocytosis Extracellular fluid Coatomer coat Pathway 2 Golgi apparatus
8.
Role of the
Golgi Apparatus Proteins in cisterna Cisterna Rough ER Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plasma membrane Phagosome Extracellular fluid Figure 3.21 Lysosomes containing acid hydrolase enzymes Membrane Vesicle Pathway 3 Secretory vesicles Golgi apparatus
9.
Role of the
Golgi Apparatus Cisterna Rough ER Golgi apparatus Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plasma membrane Figure 3.21 Lysosomes containing acid hydrolase enzymes Vesicle incorporated into plasma membrane Secretion by exocytosis Extracellular fluid Coatomer coat Phagosome Proteins in cisterna Membrane Vesicle Pathway 3 Pathway 2 Secretory vesicles Proteins Pathway 1
10.
Lysosomes Spherical
membranous bags containing digestive enzymes Digest ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins Degrade nonfunctional organelles Breakdown glycogen and release thyroid hormone Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
11.
Lysosomes Breakdown
nonuseful tissue Breakdown bone to release Ca2+ Secretory lysosomes are found in white blood cells, immune cells, and melanocytes Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
12.
Endomembrane System
System of organelles that function to: Produce, store, and export biological molecules Degrade potentially harmful substances System includes: Nuclear envelope, smooth and rough ER, lysosomes, vacuoles, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, and the plasma membrane PPLLAAYY Endomembrane System Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
13.
Endomembrane System Copyright
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.23
14.
Peroxisomes Membranous
sacs containing oxidases and catalases Detoxify harmful or toxic substances Neutralize dangerous free radicals Free radicals – highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons (i.e., O2 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings –)
15.
Cytoskeleton The
“skeleton” of the cell Dynamic, elaborate series of rods running through the cytosol Consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
16.
Cytoskeleton Copyright ©
2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.24a-b
17.
Cytoskeleton Copyright ©
2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.24c
18.
Microtubules Dynamic,
hollow tubes made of the spherical protein tubulin Determine the overall shape of the cell and distribution of organelles Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
19.
Microfilaments Dynamic
strands of the protein actin Attached to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane Braces and strengthens the cell surface Attach to CAMs and function in endocytosis and exocytosis Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
20.
Intermediate Filaments
Tough, insoluble protein fibers with high tensile strength Resist pulling forces on the cell and help form desmosomes Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
21.
Motor Molecules
Protein complexes that function in motility Powered by ATP Attach to receptors on organelles Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
22.
Motor Molecules Copyright
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.25a
23.
Motor Molecules Copyright
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.25b
24.
Centrioles Small
barrel-shaped organelles located in the centrosome near the nucleus Pinwheel array of nine triplets of microtubules Organize mitotic spindle during mitosis Form the bases of cilia and flagella Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
25.
Centrioles Copyright ©
2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.26a, b
26.
Cilia Whip-like,
motile cellular extensions on exposed surfaces of certain cells Move substances in one direction across cell surfaces PPLLAAYY Cilia and Flagella Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
27.
Cilia Copyright ©
2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.27a
28.
Cilia Copyright ©
2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.27b
29.
Cilia Copyright ©
2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.27c
30.
Nucleus Contains
nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in specific protein sets Gene-containing control center of the cell Contains the genetic library with blueprints for nearly all cellular proteins Dictates the kinds and amounts of proteins to be synthesized Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
31.
Nucleus Copyright ©
2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.28a
32.
Nuclear Envelope
Selectively permeable double membrane barrier containing pores Encloses jellylike nucleoplasm, which contains essential solutes Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
33.
Nuclear Envelope
Outer membrane is continuous with the rough ER and is studded with ribosomes Inner membrane is lined with the nuclear lamina, which maintains the shape of the nucleus Pore complex regulates transport of large molecules into and out of the nucleus Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
34.
Nucleoli Dark-staining
spherical bodies within the nucleus Site of ribosome production Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
35.
Chromatin Threadlike
strands of DNA and histones Arranged in fundamental units called nucleosomes Form condensed, barlike bodies of chromosomes when the nucleus starts to divide Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.29
36.
Cell Cycle
Interphase Growth (G1), synthesis (S), growth (G2) Mitotic phase Mitosis and cytokinesis Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.30
37.
Interphase G1
(gap 1) – metabolic activity and vigorous growth G0 – cells that permanently cease dividing S (synthetic) – DNA replication G2 (gap 2) – preparation for division PPLLAAYY Late Interphase Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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