Mitosispowerpoint

Cell DivisionCell Division
MitosisMitosis

Reasons for MitosisReasons for Mitosis
There are three main reasonsThere are three main reasons
A.A. growthgrowth
B.B. repair/healingrepair/healing
C.C. asexual reproductionasexual reproduction

Cell Division by mitosisCell Division by mitosis
 Some cells divideSome cells divide
constantly: cells in theconstantly: cells in the
embryo, skin cells, gutembryo, skin cells, gut
lining cells, etc.lining cells, etc.
Epithelial Cell Intestinal Cell
7 week old
embryo

 Other cells divide rarely orOther cells divide rarely or
never.never.
Brain Cell – Nerve cell
Spinal Cord Cell-
Nerve cell
Cardiac Cell
(Heart Muscle)

 2 kinds of cell division:2 kinds of cell division:
 1. Mitosis: division of somatic cells1. Mitosis: division of somatic cells
 2. Meiosis: creation of new sex cells2. Meiosis: creation of new sex cells
Sperm cells Human egg
cell
Pancreatic
cells

Cell Division VocabularyCell Division Vocabulary
 Somatic cellSomatic cell – a body cell; a cell whose– a body cell; a cell whose
genes will not be passed on to futuregenes will not be passed on to future
generations.generations.
 Germ cellGerm cell - a cell that is destined to- a cell that is destined to
become a gamete (egg or sperm); a cellbecome a gamete (egg or sperm); a cell
whose genes can be passed on towhose genes can be passed on to
future generationsfuture generations

Cell Division VocabularyCell Division Vocabulary
 diploid (2N)diploid (2N) – a cell with 2 chromosome– a cell with 2 chromosome
sets in each of its cells; all bodysets in each of its cells; all body
(somatic) cells(somatic) cells
 haploid (N)haploid (N) – a cell with 1 chromosome– a cell with 1 chromosome
set in each of its cells; all gametesset in each of its cells; all gametes
(sperm, eggs)(sperm, eggs)

 AdiploidcellwillgiverisetoadiploidcellAdiploidcellwillgiverisetoadiploidcell
 ChromosomenumberremainsthesameChromosomenumberremainsthesame
 TheDNAremainsidenticallythesameTheDNAremainsidenticallythesame
 Onecell(2N)givesrisetotwocells(2N)Onecell(2N)givesrisetotwocells(2N)
Characteristics ofCharacteristics of
MitosisMitosis

Cell CycleCell Cycle
 A typical cell goesA typical cell goes
through a processthrough a process
of growth,of growth,
development, anddevelopment, and
reproduction calledreproduction called
the cell cycle.the cell cycle.
 Most of the cycle isMost of the cycle is
called interphase.called interphase.
INTERPHASE

Cell CycleCell Cycle
 The longestThe longest
phase in thephase in the
cell cycle iscell cycle is
interphase.interphase.
 The 3 stages ofThe 3 stages of
interphase areinterphase are
called Gcalled G11, S,, S,
and Gand G22..

 All living cells come from other livingAll living cells come from other living
cells.cells.
 During mitosis, the nucleus of the cellDuring mitosis, the nucleus of the cell
divides, forming two nuclei withdivides, forming two nuclei with
identical genetic information.identical genetic information.

MitosisMitosis
 Mitosis producesMitosis produces
two geneticallytwo genetically
identical cells.identical cells.
 Mitosis is referredMitosis is referred
to in the followingto in the following
stages: prophase,stages: prophase,
metaphase,metaphase,
anaphase, andanaphase, and
telophase.telophase.

ProphaseProphase
 In prophase, the cell begins the process ofIn prophase, the cell begins the process of
division.division.
 The chromosomes condense.The chromosomes condense.

chromatin
duplicated
chromosom
e

ProphaseProphase
 Nuclear envelope disappears.Nuclear envelope disappears.

ProphaseProphase
 CentriolesCentrioles
migrate tomigrate to
opposite poles ofopposite poles of
the cell.the cell.
 Asters andAsters and
spindle fibersspindle fibers
form.form.
Aster and the mitotic apparatus
in an animal cell

ProphaseProphase
Aster
Sister
chromatids
Centromere
Centriole
Spindle fibers

MetaphaseMetaphase
 TheThe
chromosomeschromosomes
line up at theline up at the
equator of the cellequator of the cell
(metaphase plate),(metaphase plate),
with the centrioleswith the centrioles
at opposite endsat opposite ends
and the spindleand the spindle
fibers attached tofibers attached to
the centromeres.the centromeres. Centriole
Centriole
Spindle
fibers Metaphase
plate

AnaphaseAnaphase
 In anaphase, theIn anaphase, the
centromeres divide.centromeres divide.
 At this point, eachAt this point, each
chromosome goeschromosome goes
from having 2 sisterfrom having 2 sister
chromatids to beingchromatids to being
2 separate2 separate
chromosomeschromosomes

AnaphaseAnaphase
 The spindle fibersThe spindle fibers
contract and thecontract and the
chromosomes arechromosomes are
pulled to oppositepulled to opposite
poles.poles.

TelophaseTelophase
 In telophase theIn telophase the
nucleus actuallynucleus actually
divides.divides.
 The chromosomes areThe chromosomes are
at the poles of the cell.at the poles of the cell.
 The nuclear envelopeThe nuclear envelope
re-forms around there-forms around the
two sets oftwo sets of
chromosomes.chromosomes.

CytokinesisCytokinesis
 The division of theThe division of the
cytoplasm.cytoplasm.
 In animal cells, aIn animal cells, a
Cleavage FurrowCleavage Furrow
forms andforms and
separates Daughterseparates Daughter
CellsCells
Cleavage furrow in a dividing frog cell.

CytokinesisCytokinesis
 In plant cells, a Cell PlateIn plant cells, a Cell Plate
forms and separatesforms and separates
Daughter Cells.Daughter Cells.
Cell Plate forming

ANIMAL VS. PLANT MITOSISANIMAL VS. PLANT MITOSIS
 ANIMAL CELLANIMAL CELL
 Centriole andCentriole and
aster presentaster present
 Daughter cellsDaughter cells
separated byseparated by
cleavage furrowcleavage furrow
 PLANT CELLPLANT CELL
 No visibleNo visible
centriole orcentriole or
asteraster
 Daughter cellsDaughter cells
separated byseparated by
cell platecell plate

Mitosis:Canyounamethestages?Mitosis:Canyounamethestages?
1
2
3
4
5

Prophase
2
3
4
5

Prophase
Metaphase
3
4
5

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
4
5

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
5

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

 Phasesofcellcycle-IPMATCPhasesofcellcycle-IPMATC
Interphase
Cytokinesis

 Phases of cell cycle - IPMATCPhases of cell cycle - IPMATC
Important
People
Must
Analyze
Tasks
Correctly
Impatient
People
May
Attack
Teachers
Constantly

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