Increasing highway capacity is not always a solution to the efficient mobility of people and goods as it leads to more traffic both on the new and existing roads More traffic means more congestion With current technology, more traffic means more road crashes, more pollution, more energy wasted, more parking congestion and increasing C02 and climate change More reliance on car use for mobility leads to poor land use planning decisions and urban sprawl Especially in towns and cities TDM can reduce the need for motorised transport TDM can create better use of existing transport transport facilities In some circumstances TDM can be a cost effective alternative to increasing capacity with new costly infrastructure

1. Dave Wetzel
Vice-Chair Transport for London (TfL) 2000-2008
Past President of The International Union for Land Value Tax
Beijing October 2016
Travel Demand
Management (TDM)
in London

2. Why Travel Demand Management (TDM)?
❖ Increasing highway capacity is not always a solution to the efficient mobility of people and goods as it
leads to more traffic both on the new and existing roads
❖ More traffic means more congestion
❖ With current technology, more traffic means more road crashes, more pollution, more energy
wasted, more parking congestion and increasing C02 and climate change
❖ More reliance on car use for mobility leads to poor land use planning decisions and urban sprawl
❖ Especially in towns and cities TDM can reduce the need for motorised transport
❖ TDM can create better use of existing transport transport facilities
❖ In some circumstances TDM can be a cost effective alternative to increasing capacity with new costly
infrastructure
In short:
❖TDM provides a sustainable alternative for urban planners
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3. What is Travel Demand Management?
❖ TDM is the application of strategies and policies to reduce travel demand or to redistribute
it in space or in time
❖ TDM encourages modal shift away from personal motorised transport
❖ TDM enables more efficient use of transport infrastructure as people change their mode or time of travel
or simply travel less
❖ TDM reduces traffic congestion on roads and in the use of public transport
❖ TDM helps provide a more reliable transport system
❖ TDM provides better access and more transport choices for socially and economically
disadvantaged people
❖ TDM increases physical activity in the population and better public health
❖ TDM improves livability and amenity
❖ TDM offers road safety benefits including reduced personal trauma, injuries and other costs
and improved air quality and reduced emissions.
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4. How has TDM been used in London?
❖ Since the early days of London Transport in the 1930s maps and advertising have been used
to influence travel behaviour.
❖ The socialist Greater London Council Transport Committee in the 1980s (which I chaired)
used traffic management and improved pubic transport to reduce car commuting and
encourage walking and cycling.
❖ I introduced TDM to TfL at a Board seminar describing the Perth experiment where a
considerable modal shift had been achieved with a relatively modest expenditure.
❖ As a result TfL recruited a manager to initiate a TDM program under the title of “Smart
Travel”. The Smart Travel programme was rolled out one borough at a time and included
specific information for different types of traveller.
❖ At the same time TfL was improving bus services, introducing the Central London Congestion
Charge whereby most vehicles paid a fee to enter central London and a Low Emission Zone
to reduce polluting vehicles across London.
❖ TDM was used extensively in 2012 in order to ensure London remained mobile during the
Olympic Games.

5. London’s TDM Measures
❖ Studying behaviour patterns and identifying type of families most likely to change from car use
❖ Personal interviews and discussion
❖ Encouraging schools, hospitals and employers to adopt travel plans
❖ Create partnerships with police, environmental groups, car clubs etc.
❖ Educate re the health benefits from walking and cycling
❖ Publicity included leaflets, direct marketing, websites, advertising, events, roadshows, and cycle training.
These activities concentrated in the spring and summer months when with better weather people are
more likely to make active travel choices
❖ New buses with improvements to bus design (2 doors to reduce dwell time), bus priority traffic
management, simplified fares and ticketing with cashless bus using Oyster smartcards and credit cards,
new easily read timetables, bus information at all rail stations, verbal and visual information on all buses
re route, destination and next stop (“I-Bus”), bonuses and penalties to bus companies pertaining to
reliability and timekeeping, all bus stops made “request stops” and live bus arrival information on the web
and mobile phones together with displays at most important bus stops.
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6. Progress Continues
Since the early TDM borough schemes new initiatives continue:
❖Congestion Charges have been increased
❖The new Mayor (elected May 2016) has frozen fares
❖More than 500 trees are planted on our roads each year
❖Cycle Super Highways have been introduced together with increased cycle parking
❖The London cycle hire scheme has been extended
❖Modernised traffic signals with bus priority and pedestrian countdowns
❖New Underground map to show how easy it is to walk between stations
❖The world-leading London Streets Traffic Control Centre uses “SCOOT” (Split Cycle Optimisation
Technique) to reduce delays at junctions by 12% and this will be modernised to give greater priority to buses
and pedestrians by 2018
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7. 7

8. TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
Helping our customers avoid recurring crowding and congestion
Update March 2016
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9. Executive summary
❖ Rapid population growth from 7 million to 10 million by 2030 puts continual and growing
pressure on London’s public transport and road networks
❖ London’s capital investment programme is designed to introduce new capacity
❖ But TfL also needs to help unlock additional capacity from the existing networks
❖ TfL is delivering targeted actions to give Londoners the opportunity to avoid congestion
where possible and experience better journeys
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10. What are we trying to achieve
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Customers and road users receive timely and relevant information via a range of channels, to help them
avoid crowding and congestion wherever possible

11. Programme strategy
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Provide customers with localised and relevant information on how they can
avoid the busiest times and places where possible for quicker and more
comfortable journeys
Integrate information and data into existing journey planning
tools and offer new products to help customers to easily plan
journeys avoiding crowding and congestion
Working with businesses and other partners to
develop solutions and deliver practical information
and advice, relevant to specific audiences
Encourage customers to be aware of, and
use, the information and tools available to
improve their journey experiences
Enable
Engage
Encourage
Inform
Localised information and advice
made available as part of everyday
customer service
Enhanced journey planning tools,
products and open data
Partnership working, tailored
communications, information
and toolkits
Strategic communications
Objective Output

12. Localised information and advice
• Provide customers with localised and relevant information on how they can avoid the busiest times and places.
• Includes ‘peak of the peak’ times and describing the options for a quicker and more comfortable journey.
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Customer emails
TfL website and open data
Social media
Frontline
staff
equipped
with iPads
Roads journey times
LU
journey
times

13. Enhanced journey planning tools, products and open data
In development - option in
Journey Planner to allow
customers to plan a less
crowded route, for a
quicker and more
comfortable journey
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• Integrate information and data into journey planning tools and new products to help customers to easily plan journeys
and avoid crowding and congestion wherever possible.
• For example:
In development - Predicted
journey times taking crowding
and network status into
account
Delivered in October 2015 -
Walking Tube Map to provide
information on walking times
between stations
In development -
Real-time crowding
information

14. Partnership working
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Partner Output
Visitor industry Visitor information, advice and tools to maintain visitor experience in London by avoiding crowding
and congestion wherever possible.
Businesses Encourage and support businesses to consider how transport demand could impact their
employees, suppliers and consumers. Work in partnership to develop strategies and solutions
including communications, information and toolkits.
Freight Identify new sectors and opportunities for alternative travel options and delivery arrangements.
Work in partnership with Freight partners to develop communications, information and tools.
Education Work in partnership to develop information, advice and tools to encourage students, staff and
parents to consider their travel options to improve their journey experience and further enable
sustainable travel among young people.
Local community Localised information and advice to encourage local groups to consider their travel options and
further develop initiatives and ideas to sustain transport in local communities as the population
grows.
Accessibility groups Work in partnership to identify the most useful information and advice to assist customers requiring
accessible journeys to further avoid crowding and congestion for an easier journey.
Employees and
internal
communications
Information and advice to encourage employees to consider their travel options, make a pledge to
change their travel behaviour where possible and share knowledge for improving journey
experiences

15. Strategic communications
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• Encourage customers to
be aware of, and use, the
information and tools
available to improve their
journey experiences
• We recently updated an
historic piece of artwork to
highlight the habitual
pattern of travel on the
London Underground and
identify how travelling
outside the ‘peak of the
peak’ can improve journey
experiences
Original artwork 1928 Updated artwork 2015

16. High level delivery plan
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❖ Develop and deliver
localised information
and advice at priority
locations
❖ Expand information
and advice to cover
more services and
locations
❖ Further develop
partnership working
❖ Strategic
communications to
encourage customers
to use our
information and
advice
❖ Continuous expansion
of information and
advice and
partnership working
❖ Integrate information and advice into business-as-usual operations and journey planning tools
❖ Develop new journey planning tools
❖ Visualise alternative options via maps and infographics
❖ Deliver congestion open data and develop and deliver real-time crowding information
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4
15/16 16/17 17/18 17/18+
We are here
Information
and advice
always
available

17. Future Projects
❖ Ultra Low Emission Zone by 2020
❖ TEXXI – Sharing taxi rides (using cell phones) makes sense to use empty taxi seats for the benefit of riders,
drivers and the environment.
❖ FreightTubes – 92% of the energy used by a lorry carries the weight of the lorry, the driver, the engine,
the gearbox and other equipment whilst only 8% shifts the load. Putting freight into lightweight wheeled
capsules through tunnels using linear electric motors could dramatically reduce freight costs, traffic
congestion, pollution, road accidents and help address climate change.
❖ Land Value Tax – Instead of taxing workers, production and trade, collecting the location value of land
that we all create to fund public services would ensure that land be used efficiently instead of as a
medium for speculation. Leading to more jobs, better wages and avoiding urban sprawl. A form Land
Value Tax has been adopted by the UK Government to raise £4.1billion – a quarter of the cost of
CrossRail (£16 billion) by means of a supplementary business rate on bigger commercial properties.
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18. Less than a third of journeys in London are made by car!
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19. Thankyou
Questions and Discussion
for information re transport funding from land values see www.theIU.org
Dave Wetzel