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Emergency Teleradiology SER 2016 Final
1. Welcome to the
Emergency Teleradiology Workshop
Operations – Arjun Kalyanpur
Clinical Applications – M. Srinivasa Rao
3D postprocessing – Roy D’Souza
Reporting Standards and Quality – Carl Aschkenasi
Medicolegal - Leonard Berlin
Technology – Firoz Latif
Workflow - Srinivas
3. Rationale for Emergency
Teleradiology
• Global Radiologist shortages
– Most radiologists concentrated in metros
– Emergencies/remote areas most affected
– Catastrophic outcome of delay
4. Radiologist to Population ratios
US – 1: 10,000
Singapore – 1: 20,000
Japan – 1: 35,000
India - 1: 100,000
Bangladesh – 1: 1,000,000
5. Evolution of Emergency Radiology
• Increase in emergency imaging utilization
– Dependence on imaging for rapid DX
– Technical evolution of CT – speed,
resolution
– CT now the primary modality for
• Vascular occlusion
• GI bleed
• Perfusion imaging in acute setting
CJEM 2013;15(3):161-166
6. Operations
• Scale – Multisite, multiradiologist
• Smooth workflow and process in Virtual Environment
• Seamless Coordination/Communication
Between Hospital and radiologist
Between Coordinator and radiologist
Between radiologist and radiologist
7. The Team
• Operations Manager
• Coordinator
• IT
• Call center
• Radiologist
• Support team – Transcriptionist, Data entry
8. The Process
• Hospital- Telerad Image Transfer
• Case assignment workflow
• Review and Dictation process
• Communication of findings
• Peer Review
• Addendums and Errata
10. Turnaround time
• SLA – based on clinical scenario
• Stroke – 15 min
• Stat – 30 min
• Inpatient, MRI – 60 mins
• As Low As Reasonably Achievable
• Mean and Outlier TAT
• Verbal communication for complex cases
11. Critical Values
• Life threatening condition
• Tension pneumothorax
• Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy
• Physician to physician communication
• Documentation/Tracking
12. Standard Protocols
Stroke
Takes priority over all others (Time is brain)
15 – 10 mins
Multitrauma
Focus on traumatic findings
Prioritize review
Immediate communication
13. International Nighthawk Model
• Day-night time difference allows for
• Better performance – biorhythms
• Increased productivity
• Enhanced service levels
• Commensurate accessibility
15. Synergy between Teleradiology and
Emergency Radiology
• The greatest impact of Teleradiology has been in the
emergency radiology space
• Teleradiology is now an integral part of the delivery paradigm
for emergency radiology services
• The increasing adoption of teleradiology benefits the
subspecialty of emergency radiology by further enhancing its
relevance and giving it greater visibility
17. Clinical applications
Emergency radiology or nighthawk coverage
American College of Radiology's 1999 survey. AJR Am J
Roentgenol 2005;185:24–35.
Emergency department image interpretation services at private
community hospitals. Radiology 2004;231:190–197.
19. Trauma
1. Decrease need for transport
(Emerg Med J 2007;24(8):550-
552)
2. Rapid triage – aortic injury, burst
fracture
3. Vascular injuries
20. Stroke
Shorten time to thrombolysis
Early detection of subtle findings – dense
MCA, insular ribbon
Immediate detection of contraindication
for thrombolysis – bleed, large infarct,
aneurysm, mass etc
Early detection of complications –
herniation, hemorrhagic conversion of
bland infarct
21.
22. Acute thorax
Aortic dissection – Early diagnosis and
detection of complications
Intramural hematoma- Atypical form of
aortic dissection
Surgical management if ascending aorta
is involved.
25. Acute abdomen:
Teleradiology aids in rapid and
accurate diagnosis of several
acute abdominal and pelvic
pathologies.
Helps in initiation of
appropriate therapy – Surgical
versus non surgical.
29. Nuclear medicine
Extremely helpful in diagnosing acute
conditions such
VQ scan for PE.
HIDA scan for acute cholecystitis.
GI bleed scan
30. Vascular emergencies
Aids in rapid diagnosis of
several vascular
emergencies.
Aortic aneurysm rupture:
Vascular injuries
31. Sonography
Teleradiology plays a major role
in diagnosing potentially life
threatening and organ salvaging
conditions with a quick turn
around time (TAT).
32. Role of Emergency Teleradiology
• Immediate image review and turnaround
• High report quality
– Comfort level with all imaging modalities
– Experience in all emergent scenarios
– Speak the language of the ER
– Peer review and QA