The aim of this module is to introduce delegates to the specific safety issues and regimes relevant to offshore installations. Identify the generic hazards which are specific to offshore oil and gas installations, potential risks associated with those hazards, and how controls are put in place to eliminate or reduce risks. Identify key offshore related safety regulations and explain the basic safety management concepts.

1. MODULE 1
SAFETY INDUCTION

2. The aim of this module is to introduce delegates to the specific safety issues and regimes
relevant to offshore installations.
• Identify the generic hazards which are specific to offshore oil and gas installations,
potential risks associated with those hazards, and how controls are put in place to
eliminate or reduce risks.
• Identify key offshore related safety regulations and explain the basic safety
management concepts.
MODULE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
2

3. LEARNING OUTCOMES
To successfully complete this module you must be able to:
1) Identify the main offshore hazards and hazard effects/consequences; explain their
associated risks, and how they are controlled
2) Explain the potential environmental impact of offshore installation operations
3) Identify key offshore installation safety regulations and explain the basic concept of
these regulations
4) Explain the principles of managing safety on offshore installations
5) State the procedures for prescribed medicines offshore
6) Explain the concept of alcohol and substance abuse policy
7) Explain PPE requirements of working on an offshore installation
8) Explain how to report incidents, accidents and near misses on an offshore installation
9) Explain the role of the Offshore Medic
3

4. TIMETABLE, ASSESSMENT AND STAFF ROLE
• Total training duration is 3 hours and 20 minutes
• Theory 2 hours 50 minutes
• Written Assessment : 30 minutes
• Assessment method:
• Delegates will be required to undertake a written test at the end of this Module
(duration 30 minutes) as a method of checking that they have met all the leaning
outcomes.
• The test will be open-book.
• There shall be a minimum of two questions per learning outcome. All learning
outcomes must be achieved during the written test.
Role of Lead Trainer:
• Explain and facilitate understanding of slide presentation.
• Assess delegates with written test.
4

5. SAFETY INDUCTION ELEMENT
ELEMENT DURATION
1.1 Industry and Installation Overview 30 minutes
1.2 Offshore hazards 30 minutes
1.3 Managing offshore safety 10 minutes
1.4 Controlling offshore hazards 10 minutes
1.5 Regulating offshore safety 20 minutes
1.6 Living and working offshore 70 minutes
Knowledge test (Question paper) 30 minutes
5 5

6. 1.1 INDUSTRY AND INSTALLATION OVERVIEW
6

7. 1.1.2 FORMATION OF OIL AND GAS; HOW HYDROCARBONS ARE FORMED?
7
FORMATION

8. 1.1.2 FINDING OF OIL AND GAS; HOW HYDROCARBONS ARE FOUND ?
8
Seismic Survey
Magnetic Survey: rocks that may contain oil have very low magnetic readings
Gravity Survey
Computer generated model of underground rocks
and trapped oil & gas reserves.
It cannot identify pools of oil and gas, but rather,
conditions favourable for the possible accumulation
of oil and gas.
Waves captured by geophones on the streamer cables.

9. 1.1.2 FINDING OF OIL AND GAS; HOW HYDROCARBONS ARE FOUND?
9
EXPLORATORY DRILLING
Rock cuttings are
examined
Core
sample
Logging More appraisal wellsPressure? ??

10. 10
Jacked Up at locationTowed to location Skidded out
VALIDATE THE RESULT OF SEISMIC SURVEY
(A) DRILLING - JACK-UP
1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES

11. 1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
(A) SEMI-SUB RIGS
11
Pontoons and columns flooded with water for
stability
Towed to location
Shipped to location

12. 1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
(A) DRILLING -DRILL SHIP
12
The ship’s drilling equipment the drill
string, passes through a moon pool.
Moon pool
Drilling derrick
specialised mooring and
positioning equipment
Heli-deck

13. 1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
(A) DRILLING
13

14. 1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
(C) CONSTRUCTION – HEAVY LIFT
14
Float and secure jacket using pilesFabrication Jacket onshore
Fabrication topside onshore Transport top side
hammering
Attach topside to jacket

15. 1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
(C) CONSTRUCTION – HEAVY LIFT
15
Difficult and dangerous activity, is done in certain window periods, where the weather is in
a very favourable condition.

16. Is built on concrete or steel legs, or both. Anchored directly onto the seabed.
Long term immobilised structure. [Load (dead/Operating), Environment, Accidental]
1.1.2 EXPLOITATION AND PRODUCTION OF OIL AND GAS
1.1.3 (B) PRODUCTION - OIL AND GAS, GAS, FIXED
16
Production facilities Crew quarters, long term immobilise structure
crew quarters
drilling rigs
flare & blow-down system
Process and utility equipment
• Drilling Rig
• Injection compressor
• Gas compressor / turbine generators
• Piping / HVAC / Instrumentation
crane
crane
Gravity
based
structure
Heli Pad

17. 1.1.2 EXPLOITATION AND PRODUCTION OF OIL AND GAS
1.1.3 (B) PRODUCTION - OIL AND GAS, GAS, FLOATING
17
Crude + Gas + Water Pipeline

18. 1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
(C) CONSTRUCTION – PIPE LAYING
18

19. 1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
(D) ACCOMODATION- FLOTEL
19
Removable bridge means they can be used as means of evacuation if required. Installation
can be evacuated onto flotel, which then disconnects from bridge and moves away from
danger

20. • Enforce danger zone/ chaser
• Emergency preparedness offshore
1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
(E) SPECIALIST VESSELS – STAND BY VESSEL
20
500m

21. 1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
(E) SPECIALIST VESSELS – SUPPORT
21
Supply vessel
Tug Boats
Anchor handling Tug Boats
Crew boat

22. 22
1.1.3 TYPES OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS, THEIR MAIN FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
(E) SPECIALIST VESSELS – DIVE SUPPORT VESSEL
Dive Support Vessel
o Inspection, Repair &
Maintenance of subsea structure.
o Construction / Seabed mapping

23. 1.1.1 TYPICAL OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS ACTIVITIES
23
Exploration Exploratory drilling/ appraisal /
drilling for production:
Development
Transportation & distribution of
oil & gas products for Refining
ashore
Down stream
DecommissioningCrude oil Gas water transported
to Central Processing Platform for
processing

24. 1.1.4 THE OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENT
24
Remote Nature
• Away from social life
• Travel by Helicopter / crew boat
• If an emergency happens?
• If a medical emergency happens?
Harsh Conditions
• High waves combined with strong currents & wind
• Cold / Heat and/or humidity
• Hurricanes / Sand storm
• Hazards are real threat (Be always alert)
• Potentially Flammable Atmospheres
• 12hrs shift

25. 1.1.4 THE OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENT
PROXIMITY OF PROCESS / WORKING / LIVING ENVIRONMENTS
25
Respond in emergencies
and participate in drills
Eg. BHN Fire- 2005
A typical installation is like a small city sitting in the ocean, where the accommodation,
working areas and process areas are all extremely close to one another

26. 1.2 OFFSHORE HAZARDS
&
1.4 CONTROLLING OFFSHORE HAZARDS
26
People
Environment
Asset
Reputation
Hazard is anything which has a potential to cause harm or losses

27. 1.2.1 DEFINITIONS OF HAZARD, RISK AND CONTROL MEASURES
27
Control measure
Anything put in place intended to either eliminate or reduce the risk associated with a
hazard
Risk is combination of the likelihood of a hazardous event occurring and the consequences
of the event.

28. Compare Oil and Gas Industry with other industry
1.2.2 THE ACCIDENT STATISTICS COMPARISON WITH OTHER INDUSTRIES
28
Minimum training standards, Work procedures, Risk assessment, In-built safety culture
Communication, working together, planning, using procedures

29. 1.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND STATISTICS
29
Exploration : noise associated with the high-energy seismic source disturb animal life,
especially whales and dolphins
Drilling and construction: damage to the ecosystem

30. 1.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND STATISTICS
30
Pressure relief system,
flanges and storage tank.
Power-generating
units .gas turbines,
internal combustion
engines
Heat, un-burnt HC, CO2,
water vapour, H2 and CO.

31. 1.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND STATISTICS
31
• Accidental situations;
 Drilling - blowout
 Transportation & storage - spillage
 Pipelines - leakage
Oil Spills Damage Beaches and Fragile Marine Ecosystems
31

32. 1.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND STATISTICS
32

33. 1.4.1 THE HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
33
Hierarchy Control measure Details
1 Elimination
• Eliminate risk by removing the hazard
• Not doing the task
• Change of process
2 Substitution
• Substitute with less hazardous materials, equipment,
processes etc.
3
Engineering
Controls
• Enclose or isolate a hazard through use of different types of
guards, ventilation etc.
• Make structural changes to the work environment, tools or
equipment to make them safer.
• Use mechanical aids or manual handling devices.
4
Administrative
Controls
• Establish policies, guidelines, SOP, Permit To Work, JSA,
Planned Preventive Maintenance etc.
• Provide information, instruction, training and supervision.
• Posting Signage, Posters, Labels etc.
5
Personal
Protective
Equipment
• Provide appropriate PPE

34. 1.2.4 (a) PRESSURE HAZARDS & COMPARATIVE RISK LEVELS
34
Oil/gas reservoir
Process/drilling pipe work / Gas
compression
Water/gas injection
Blow Out: Uncontrolled
release of Oil and gas from
well bore resulting Fire and
Explosion, People injury,
Environment damage.
Leaks in hoses can produce
runaway reactions causing injuries
and damage.
Projectile.
Vessel may get ruptured at weld
seams.
The reservoir may
collapse, may result in
kick.
Loss of hydrocarbon

35. IMPLEMENTING CONTROL MEASURES PRESSURE HAZARDS
35
Controls Details
Elimination No
Substitution No
Engineering
Control
•BOP stack [1.4.2 (b)]
Administrative
Control
•Standard Operating Procedures
•Regular Inspection Maintenance and
Certification by third party.
•Standard Isolation during
maintenance [1.4.2(a)]
•PTW
•Information, training or instruction,
Practice under supervision /
competency assurance
•Marking / Signage / Label
Personal
Protective
Equipment
• Appropriate PPE

36. IMPLEMENTING CONTROL MEASURES - PRESSURE HAZARDS
36
Controls Details
Elimination No
Substitution No
Engineering
Control
•Pressure relief valve
•Emergency Shutdown (ESD)
Administrative
Control
•Standard Operating Procedures
•Regular Inspection Maintenance and
Certification by third party.
•Isolation of pipework during Repair /
Maintenance, controlled by PTW
[1.4.2(a)]
•Information, training or instruction,
Practice under supervision /
competency assurance
•Marking / Signage / Label
Personal
Protective
Equipment
• Appropriate PPE
Process/drilling pipe work & Gas compression

37. 1.2.4 (b) MOTION HAZARDS & COMPARATIVE RISK LEVELS
Drilling Tubular:
Crushed injury, pinch points & back problem
37
Manual handling (musculoskeletal disorder) Cuts, bruises, fractures etc, due to sudden,
unexpected events. Twisting, turning and bending of the back while carrying load may result
in Back pain, muscle sprain.

38. IMPLEMENTING CONTROL MEASURES - MOTION HAZARDS
Controls Details
Elimination •No
Substitution •No
Engineering
Control
•Iron Roughneck
•Use ROVs / Robots, mechanical
aids, Power tools restrainers
Administrative
Control
•Standard Operating Procedures
•PTW / TRA
•Information, training or instruction,
Practice under supervision /
competency assurance on handling
Tubulars [1.4.2 (c)] ,manual
Handling.
•TBT
•Communication established
•Signage / Marking / label
Personal
Protective
Equipment
•Appropriate PPE
38

39. 1.2.4 (b) MOTION HAZARDS & COMPARATIVE RISK LEVELS
39
Exposed machinery parts
Crushing, shearing, cutting and shivering, entanglement, impact, drawing-in,
Moving heavy equipment:
Pinch points, dropped objects, struck by / against moving load. Trapping

40. IMPLEMENTING CONTROL MEASURES - MOTION HAZARDS
Controls Details
Elimination •No
Substitution •No
Engineering
Control
•Guarding all Exposed / Rotatory Parts
/Machines [1.4.2 (d)]
Administrative
Control
•Standard Operating Procedures
•LOTO / PTW, TRA
•SWL marked on lifting gear, Regular
inspection, identified by Color code
•Lift Plan for moving heavy loads
•Information, training or instruction,
Practice under supervision /
competency assurance on LOTO,
lifting operation. Dedicated banksman
•TBT
•Signage / Marking / label / Barricade
Personal
Protective
Equipment
•Appropriate PPE
40

41. • Drilling chemicals
• Reservoir fluids/gases(including H2S)
• Process chemicals
• Solvents
41
1.2.4 (c) CHEMICAL HAZARDS & COMPARATIVE RISK LEVELS
Risk / Consequences
• Flammable / Explosive / oxidizing
• Corrosive (Equipment failure, Burns)
• Health Hazards (irritant, headache, dizziness,
Asthma, Cancer etc.
• Toxic
• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Absorption
• Injection

42. IMPLEMENTING CONTROL MEASURES - CHEMICAL HAZARD
Control
Measures
Details
Elimination No
Substitution •Use less hazardous chemical
•Use Pallets instead of Powder
•Vacuuming dust, or wetting it.
Engineering •Ventilation
•Isolate chemical in store only.
Administration •SOPs driven from SDS
•Information, training or
instruction in Chemical
handling techniques & H2S /
Dust Protection [1.4.2 (e)]
•Emergency Shower / Eye wash
station
•Permissible Exposure limits
•Continuous Gas monitoring
•Marking / Signage / Label
•Health Surveillance
PPE Appropriate PPE
•Chemical composition
•Storage/ Handling/ Mixing
•First Aid treatment
•Spillage Control Procedures
•Disposal Procedure
•PPE
42

43. • Maintenance of electrical equipment
• Faulty electrical equipment
43
1.2.4 (d) ELECTRICAL HAZARDS & COMPARATIVE RISK LEVELS
Risk / Consequences
• Electrical Shock
• Electrocution
• Electrical Burns
• Fire or Explosion
• Arching

44. IMPLEMENTING CONTROL MEASURES - ELECTRICAL HAZARD
Control
Measures
Details
Elimination Using Pneumatic / hydraulic energy
where ever feasible
Substitution Using Low voltage instead of high
voltage
Engineering •Barricade (Covers) / Insulation / LED
•Circuit Breakers
•Fixed fire fighting system
Administration •Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).
•Standard Electrical Isolation [1.4.2 (f)]
/ PTW / TRA
•Information, training or instruction,
Supervision / Competency assurance
•TBT
•Marking / Signage / Label
•Restricted area
PPE Appropriate PPE
44

45. 45
Slips, trips & falls
Working at heightWorking under suspended loads
1.2.4 (e) GRAVITY HAZARDS & COMPARATIVE RISK LEVELS
Risk / Consequences
• Minor / major Injuries
Risk / Consequences
• Fall from height
• Dropped Objects
Risk / Consequences
• fall or swing around, resulting in impact injuries
• Trapping /Damage to Installation

46. IMPLEMENTING CONTROL MEASURES - GRAVITY HAZARDS
Control
Measures
Details
Elimination Bring the load down or use extension
Substitution No
Engineering •Scaffolding for Working at Height
•Stairways (antiskid steps / handrails)
•Loose Hoses / Cable Secured / cover
•Lightening
Administration •Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).
•PTW / TRA
•Information, training or instruction
Supervision / competency assurance
in Working at Height, Rescue at
Height, Hand Trailing Technique.
•Marking / Signage / Housekeeping
•Restricted area/ barricade lifting area
PPE Appropriate PPE
Fall Protection [1.4.2 (g)] 46
restrainers
& barriers.

47. 47
• Working in process areas
• Working in drilling area
• Working in machinery space
Rig floor Helicopter Deck
1.2.4 (f) NOISE HAZARDS & COMPARATIVE RISK LEVELS
Risk and Consequences
• Hearing damage
• Create physical and psychological stress
• Reduce productivity
• Interfere with communication and concentration
• Safety Issues: Contribute to workplace accidents and
injuries by making it difficult to hear warning signals
Engine Room

48. IMPLEMENTING CONTROL MEASURES - NOISE HAZARD
Control
Measures
Details
Elimination No
Substitution Choose low-noise tools and machinery
Engineering •Design
•Silencer
•Enclose or isolate the noise source
Administration •Reschedule the Job: Operate noisy
machines during shifts when fewer people
are exposed
•Set Permissible Exposure Limit: Limit the
amount of time a person spends near a
noise hazard
•Job Rotation / Frequent breaks
•Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
•Marking / Signage Restricted area
PPE Appropriate PPE
48Noise level shall not exceed 80-85 dB

49. 1.2.4 (g) HAZARDEOUS ATMOSPHERE & COMPARATIVE RISK LEVELS
49Strictly observe warning signs
Zone 2
An area which explosive gases / mixtures is not likely to
occur in normal operation, but if occur it will be for a short
duration
Zone 1
An area in which explosive gases /mixtures is likely to occur
in normal operation
Zone 0
An area in which explosive gases / mixtures is continuously
present or present for long periods. most potentially
hazardous area of any plants. E.g. Vapour Space above
closed process vessels, storage tanks, closed containers,
areas containing open tanks of volatile, flammable liquid
49

50. Limited openings for entry or exits
Unfavorable natural ventilation
Atmospheric hazards
• Oxygen deficiency
• Oxygen Enrichment
• Flammable or Explosive Atmosphere
• Toxic atmosphere may cause various acute effects, including
impairment of judgement, unconsciousness and death
Example: vessel, column, and
mud pit and storage tanks.
Physical hazards
• Darkness
• Slippery floor
• Entanglement
• Entrapment
• Narrow space
• Excessive Heat
• Noise (amplified)
1.2.4 (g) CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS & COMPARATIVE RISK LEVELS
Risk and Consequences
50

51. IMPLEMENTING CONTROL MEASURES - CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS
Control
Measures
Details
Elimination •Design to reduce the need for enter.
Substitution No
Engineering •Continuous Forced ventilation
•Positive Isolation [1.4.2 (a)]
•Lightning (Intrinsic)
•Proper ladder for ingress and egress
Administration •Standard Operating Procedures / PTW / TRA
•Information, training or instruction in
Confined space entry / rescue, correct Use
of Breathing apparatus
•Gas Test by Authorized Gas Tester
•Marking / Signage / barricade / Restricted
area
•ERP (practiced prior to start Job)
•Standby Person / ERP trained in CPR
•Communication established
PPE •Appropriate PPE
•SCBA 51
51

52. 1.4.3 THE CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO CONTROL THE RISKS
People
- Injury
- Illnesses
-Fatality
-Trauma
Property/Asset
- Damaged
- Loss
Environment
- Pollution
Reputation
- Damaged
- Hidden consequences
52

53. MANAGING OFFSHORE SAFETY
53

54. 1.3.1 MULTIPLE BARRIERS MODEL AND SYSTEMS IN PLACE TO PREVENT HAZARDS
FROM CONTACTING TARGETS
54
Communications
PPE
Safe plant, equipment and tools
Procedures (maintenance, work methods)
Task Risk assessments, PTW, LOTO
Information / Instruction /
Supervision / Training /Practice
/ Competency assurance
Ineffective
equipment, poor
design/equipment
Procedures incorrectly executed.
Complacency, Violations due to
Conflicting demands
Hectic schedule, Language Barrier, Lack
of engagement, insufficient training,
inadequate supervision
Ineffective communication, language barriers,
Ignorance, lack of awareness

55. (a) Safe System of Work (SSOW)
A systematic examination of all work processes to identify hazards, and implement
work methods that either eliminate hazards, or control risks
Steps in designing a safe system of work:
1.3.1 MULTIPLE BARRIERS MODEL AND SYSTEMS
(a) Safe System of Work (SSOW)
55
Assess the task
Identify the hazards
Implement the system
Monitor the system
Define safe methods
Assess the risk
What? How, When, Why
Who can be harmed? How serious? How likely? How often?
Precautions ??? What if controls fail? Contingency Plan

56. 1.3.1 (b) PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY
56
1. Clear expectations
2. Effective communication
3. Personal leadership
4. Personal risk awareness
5. Planning
6. The right and duty to
intervene
7. Accountability
8. Self evaluation
9. Develop, encourage and
sustain safe behaviors
PRfS assists us to achieve an advanced safety culture in which everyone, regardless of
position, accepts responsibility and plays and active role in improving the safety of
his/her immediate environment.

57. • To observe and report both safe and unsafe acts and conditions.
• Proactive rather being Reactive
1.3.1 (c) SAFETY OBSERVATION PROGRAM
57
• No Name
• No Shame
• No Blame

58. BREAK 10 MINUTES
58

59. 1.5 REGULATING OFFSHORE SAFETY
59

60. Government controls safety offshore, with legislation such as the Health and Safety at
Work Act and the Merchant Shipping Act.
Offshore Installation Safety Directorate through Statutory Instruments such as
Petroleum Rules, META regulations, DGCA training directives.
They provide legal framework and make provision to regulate safety and health across
offshore industry.
HOW OFFSHORE SAFETY IS REGULATED? (A) APPLICABLE LEGISLATION
60
MCA enforces maritime health and safety law, which covers the operation
of ships worldwide;
HSE enforces health and safety law applying to offshore installations and
associated activities
In India
Oil Installation Safety Directorate: is a technical directorate under the Ministry of Petroleum
and Natural Gas that formulates and coordinates the implementation of a series of self-
regulatory measures aimed at enhancing the safety in the oil & gas industry
The Environmental Protection Act 2008

61. (b) Legislative Requirement
o Legislative requirements are laws designed, written, agreed and approved in order to keep
workers and installations safe. They take the form of acts, regulations and statutes. They
address the safe manner in which activities must be conducted.
(c) Legal responsibilities for the operator revolve around complying with the regulations.
Records are used to show compliance, performance and improvements.
(d) Role of the Industry Organisations
o Such as Oil and Gas UK, IMCA provides a common voice for the whole sector, and provides
sources of information. Eg. standards for safety equipment, training
(e) Documenting the safety management system
o Written description of policies, processes, procedures etc.
o Ensures the planning, preparation and execution of work is carried out in a safe manner.
o Safety systems such as the permit to work system ensure work is done in an approved and
authorized way and is recorded for future reference. Should an incident occur, the
documented system can also be used as evidence if required.
1.5.1 HOW OFFSHORE SAFETY IS REGULATED
61
The Duty Holder The Installation Manager All Persons on board

62. ACT
REGULATION
Codes of Practice
GUIDANCE
1.5.3 EU Directives
A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve a
particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result.
Goal Setting approach rather than being perspective.
1.5.2 HIERARCHY OF LEGISLATION
COP gives practical advice on how to comply with ACT
Act: sets out the general duties or requirements that the
operator has to their employees, to the company and to
the environment.
Guidelines: consist of information intended to give a
worker advice, instructions or guidance on a task.
Regulation: an official rule or directive set in place by an
authority. Eg. Safety Case, PFEER, COSHH
Eg. HASAWA 1974
62

63. A safety case is a document that gives confidence to both the duty holder and HSE that
the duty holder has the ability and means to control major accident risks effectively
1.5.4 SAFETY CASE REGULATIONS
Before any commissioning
of the installation can take
place, all safety critical
systems identified in the
safety case must be fully
tested and verified to
ensure their correct and
adequate performance.
Periodical tests conducted
to ensure safe operation.
A safety audit is
carried out periodically
Internal and external
audits.
Safety case shall demonstrate that the SMS is adequate to:
• Ensure compliance with the relevant statutory provisions
• Shows appropriate level of control during each phase of the
installation life cycle (Design, Construction, Commissioning,
Operation, Decommissioning and dismantlement)
• The safety case will list all identified major hazards, risks and
any control measures in place.
A written copy is held on the installation at all times.
Safety case is a legal
requirement for the
operation. Submitted
to, and Approved by
relevant authorities
63

64. • Safety-critical systems are those systems whose failure could result in loss of life,
significant property damage or damage to the environment..
• Within the offshore industry many instrumental and administrative systems are used e.g.
• Safety critical systems are independently verified offshore to ensure that operation,
maintenance and performance standards are achieved and maintained. This independent
auditing is clearly recorded and documented for the purposes of inspection to show that a
controlled documented system is in place, ensuring Safety Critical systems are
appropriately monitored and maintained.
Eg. Fire Pump.
1.5.4 VERIFICATION OF SAFETY CRITICAL SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
64
Emergency shutdown
Process shutdown systems
Fire Extinguishing
Systems
Over pressure
protection system
Fire Detection
systems
64

65. 1.5.5 DUTIES OF EMPLOYER & EMPLOYEE & CONCEPT OF ALARP
ALARP – AS LOW AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE
• Health, safety and Welfare at workplace.
• Safe Plant, Machine, Equipment, Tool
• Provide safe working environment (Noise,
Ventilation, Vibration and Illumination)
• Safe System Of Work
• Safety committees and representatives
• Provide information, instruction, training &
supervision
• Take care of themselves & of others
effected by their acts / omissions
• Corporate with the employer
• Abide by safety processes
• Operate equipment correctly
• Do not misuse equipment or behave
recklessly
Employee
COST
TIME
EFFORTS
BENEFIT GAINED /
RISK REDUCTION
65

66. PREVENTION OF FIRE & EXPLOSION & EMERGENCY RESPONSE (PFEER)
• Prevention
o Eliminate the hazard by design.
o Engineering, Procedural Controls, SSOW.
• Protection
o Fire Resistant Bulkhead / Coating.
o Fire Detection & Extinguishing System
• Emergency Response & Planning
o How is the situation communicated to the control room and workforce?
o Are muster points located in the right areas? How is mustering managed?
o Are they easily accessible to the workforce?
o Do they contain the right PPE for abandonment? Is there means of escape?
o Is there a plan for rescuing and recovering personnel from the water?
o Are there enough resources available to provide effective rescue?
o Frequent Drills and exercise to check the readiness of the procedures.
• Performance Standard
o Can be described in terms of functionality, survivability, reliability and availability.
o Examined by the inspectors.
1.5.6 HOW GOALS ARE SET FOR PREVENTION/PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY
RESPONSE, EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS.
66

67. Scope
• Ensure Health & Safety law is being followed.
Activities
• Compliance with Safety Management System (Safety case),
• Inspection of work place,
• Investigation of accidents
• Expert Advice.
Powers of the HSE inspector
• Have the power to inspect workplace at any time
• Will hand out enforcement notices
• Have the power to shutdown operations
1.5.7 ROLE OF THE HEALTH & SAFETY AUTHORITIES
67

68. INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION OF STANDARDIZATION (ISO)
68
ISO 9001 is the international standard that specifies requirements for a Quality
Management System (QMS). Organizations use the standard to demonstrate the ability
to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and regulatory
requirements.
ISO 14001 provides guidance on an organization’s ‘Environmental Management
System.ISO 14001:2015 specifies the requirements for an environmental management
system that an organization can use to enhance its environmental performance.
The International Organization for Standardization is an independent, non-governmental
organization.
It is the world's largest developer of voluntary international standards and facilitates
world trade by providing common standards between nations.
Use of the standards aids in the creation of products and services that are safe, reliable
and of good quality.
The standards also serve to safeguard consumers and the end-users of products and
services, ensuring that certified products conform to the minimum standards set
internationally.

69. 1.5.9 INDUSTRY EXPECTATIONS OF PERSONAL SAFETY BEHAVIOUR
69
Behavioural Safety Programme is designed to modify people’s behaviour whilst working.
Designed to recognise and enforce the safe behaviour
SSOW
Engineering Behaviours
Behavioral Safety Tools:
Positive intervention
Stop card system
Step1 Ask Step 2 Get commitment Step 3 follow up
The industry’s expected standards for safety
Provide positive rewards to change unsafe behavior,
Reduce job-related injuries,
Minimize lost production hours, and
Improve workplace morale—essential ingredients for creating a strong safety culture
Behavior safety "focuses on what people do, analyzes why they do it, and then applies a
research-supported intervention strategy to improve what people do".

70. 1.6 LIVING AND WORKING OFFSHORE
70

71. • Regular revalidation (normally 2 years) is required to ascertain one’s prevailing medical
conditions are still fit for offshore work.
• Pose no significant risk to others due to underlying medical conditions
• Those deemed at risk many require more frequent check-ups
• No age restriction on working offshore
• All personnel must be fit enough to evacuate or escape if required
• Require no ongoing medical treatment that cannot be delivered offshore
• Require no medical treatment that has side effects incompatible with work offshore
• Have no significant vulnerability to sudden illness requiring medical intervention that
cannot be delivered offshore
1.6.1 FITNESS REQUIREMENTS AND MEDICAL STANDARDS.
71
Urine / Blood test Lung Function Test X rayAudiometry Vision Test
Issued by authorized GP or doctor

72. 1.6.4 Fitness requirements
72
Maintain a healthy weight & fitness level. General rules around fitness for working offshore:
 Be able to carry out your normally-assigned duties safely
 Be able to escape from a platform or helicopter
 Be able to take part in offshore survival training

73. 1.6.2 THE PROCEDURES FOR TAKING PRESCRIBED MEDICINES OFFSHORE
73
Declare prescribed medication , including vitamins and
supplements (in original pack), during check-in
Sealed medicine is returned to the individual
Individual reports to medic upon arrival at location
The medic will stow the medicine in its original labeled
container
Individual’s Responsibility
• Ensure sufficient supply during the stay offshore
• Seek treatment only from the medic onboard when fall sick
The individual can take medicine from medic as per dose
prescribed.
Original pack
X Loose Medicine
• Mild painkillers and cold relief medication will be supplied by the installation medic

74. Substance abuse - is defined as the harmful or improper use of any substance which
chemically modifies and potentially impairs an individuals mental or physiological
functions.
1.6.3 ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE POLICIES
74
• Substances & alcohol abuse policy - read and understand clearly
the company's policy
• Immediate dismissal - if caught

75. (a). Administration Arrangements & Requirements On Arrival On An Offshore Installation.
1.6.4 OFFSHORE ROUTINE REQUIREMENTS & WELFARE:
75
At Manned Platform
Report for administration
POB System/Safety Briefing
Safety Briefing
Video
At Unmanned Platform :Report to the Supervisor or his deputy
Muster point/T Card system
Restaurant/ recreation Cabin allocation/LJ/ grab bag
Lifeboat/liferaft allocation

76. 1.6.4 (c) Installation induction
76
Command structure
Central Control Room
How to raise an alarm?
Report an incident / accident
Emergency telephone
number
Sickbay / Emergency
Equipment location
Alarm and appropriate
response
Immediate supervisor
SSOW / SOP / PTW / LOTO / PPE
Site-specific safety rules, Installation’s house rule (cabin, mess room, laundry / recreation, smoking)
Emergency Response Plan and other special requirements (Specialist role during emergency, if any).

77. 1.6.4 (b) ITEMS PERMITTED/NOT PERMITTED OFFSHORE.
77
Sharp object Fire Arms / Weapons
Alcohol or drugs Chemical
RadioactiveLightersSatellite phone Personal clothing
Prescribed medicine
Camera toiletries
ITEMS NOT PERMITTED ITEMS PERMITTED
Explosive
Battery-operated equipment must be checked and certified by an electrician.

78. 1.6.4 (d) SAFETY CONSTITUENCIES
78
• Safety constituencies are subdivision of the offshore installation to ensure safety of a group of
workers is coordinated by a safety representative who can represent member's view to the
safety committee.
• Everyone Should know
o Who is Safety Representative?,
o How he or she is elected?
Drilling Production Catering
Safety Committee
OIM
Safety Rep Safety Rep Safety Rep
Working environment
Employee
Supervisor
OIM

79. 1.6.4 (e) ROLE OF SAFETY REPRESENTATIVES
79
• Investigate hazards, accidents, dangerous occurrences and complaints around
health and safety issues
• Inspect the installation
• Attend safety meetings
• Someone you can go to for health and safety matters
1.6.4 (e) ROLE OF SAFETY COMMITTEES.
• Promotes and develops health and safety measures
• In cooperation with the workforce and management
• OIM is normally the head of the committee
• Direct link between senior management, safety representatives and constituencies

80. 1.6.4 (f) RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYERS
80
To provide a safe and healthy working and living environment onboard employer must provide:
Onshore/ OJT
Training
Information / Instruction
Supervision
Safe system of work
Safe Plant, Machinery,
Equipment and Tools (2P)
• Provide a robust health and safety system
• Ensure safest possible work environment
• Continuously monitor risk assessment process
• Provide support for individuals who are injured at work
• Consult with safety representatives
• Ensure correct PPE is available
• Ensure training is provided
• Investigate incidents and near misses

81. 1.6.4 (g) EMPLOYEE LINE OF REPORTING
81
 Split into disciplines
 Report to most senior person with the discipline
 Senior people report to shift manager in charge
 Shift managers report to the OIM
 OIM is the most senior person on an installation
 OIM reports to the operator's senior management

82. 1.6.4 (H) CABIN/LAUNDRY/BOND
82
Shared cabin
locate LJ, grab bag
Laundry location??? Check for sharp objects
Procedure??? Bonded store
Changing Room, Minimize your
entry in cabin, off-shift sleeping.
Keep EXIT Closed

83. 1.6.4 (i) RECREATION /SMOKING
83
Satellite TV/ Video/ library Gymnasium Designated smoking area
No fishing No recreational swimming No smoking in non-designated
area

84. 1.6.4 (j) GETTING ON WITH OTHERS
84
• Establish good interpersonal relationship,
No practical jokes No horseplay Personal hygienic
• It is vital to get along as you are together 12 hours a day, 7 days a week
• Be respectful and aware of the needs of others
• Respect privacy
• Make sure disagreements do not escalate
• Respect the religious views and cultural customs of others
• Report offensive actions or comments so an early resolution can be found

85. 1.6.5 WORKING ROUTINE
85
Practice under
supervision
Competency assurance
Authorisation
Training
(a) Procedures:
• Ensure safe working is undertaken at all times
• Examples: method statements, work instructions, permit to work
• Designed based on experience and risk assessment
• Incomplete, outdated or unfollowed procedures can lead to accidents and errors
• Protect you, the asset and the environment
• Standard operating procedures for routine jobs
(b) Work authorization:
• Tasks assigned by shift manager
• Ensures work authorization is controlled and delegated
correctly
• Authority is based on complexity of task and the
competence and experience of person assigned to the
task
• Only correctly trained personnel will be assigned to a task

86. 1.6.5 C. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
86
PPE is the LAST LINE of defence
1.6.5 D. MAINTAINING A SAFE WORKPLACE
Good housekeeping / securing tools/ adhere to SWP/ using approved tools/
reporting defects or unsafe conditions helps maintaining safe workplace
Additional PPE will be noted on a work instruction, work permit or risk assessment.

87. 1.6.5 (f) THE RIGHT TO STOP UNSAFE WORK
1.6.5 (e) WASTE DISPOSAL
87
Segregation of waste to identify recyclable, biodegradable and
hazardous items for disposal onshore
Nothing overboard
Report immediately to Site Supervisors Record
• Many operators give you the authority to
stop a job if you observe an unsafe act
• The OIM will support this authority
• Unsafe acts can be reported to the safety
representative or OIM, who will then stop
work
• This may be called an "intervention"

88. 88
1.6.6 INVOLVEMENT IN SAFETY:
a. Observation systems
Observation card system
• Helps you to observe and report unsafe conditions
• Contains guidance and areas to fill in if you see something unsafe
• Cards are reviewed by the safety representative, manager and OIM
• Remedial actions are put into place if required

89. 1.6.6 (b) PTW
89
Validity
Signatory of
responsible person
Location
Equipment/
tools used
Fire watch details
Gas testing
89

90. 1.6.6 INVOLVEMENT IN SAFETY
90
c. Toolbox talks d. Safety meetings
e. Drills & exercises f. Additional emergency response duties
• Scope
• Roles &
Responsibility
• RA / JSA/ PTW
• Contingency plan
Implement safety guidance
Convey & discuss safety issues
Drills, mustering, Training
Competency Assurance of crew

91. 1.6.6 (g) GETTING INVOLVED
91
g. Getting involved
Actively Play your role in achieving
Advance Safety Culture
Adhere to SSOW, Actively involved in TBT,
Safety meetings, Drills & Exercise
Report Incident accident Injury
near miss
Never Take Shortcuts to get your job
done
Never do any job or operate any machine if
you aren’t authorized

92. 1.6.7 COMMUNICATING SAFETY, INCLUDING LINES OF COMMUNICATION
92
Without communication we cannot share ideas, voice concerns, identify problems or
encourage people.
All health and safety messages need to be communicated effectively and should be
delivered with sincerity, authority and confidence.

93. 1.6.8 WHAT TO DO WHEN NOT SATISFIED WITH RESPONSE TO SAFETY
COMMUNICATION
93
Safety concerns should first be raised with the safety representative.
The safety representative will raise
the concern with the supervisor.
The safety representative and
supervisor may have to take the
concern to the OIM.
The OIM can consult with the
onshore corporate team for advice
and guidance to resolve the issue.
Everyone can go to their regional health and
safety authority if they feel that their organization
has not addressed their concern. The health and
safety authority will determine whether an
investigation is necessary and if any action should
be taken.

94. 1.6.9 (a) REPORTING INCIDENTS, ACCIDENTS, NEAR MISSES AND ILLNESSES
94
• Prevent recurrence
• To fulfill legal responsibility
• Be Pro-active and report all unsafe situation
• Propose alternative ways to solve the unsafe
situation
• Explain what makes the situation unsafe to the
person before reporting it
• Remember I can report all unsafe situation
whatever the hierarchical position of the person
concerned.
• Don’t Think that if I report an unsafe situation I will
be considered as Trouble maker

95. 1.6.9 (b) ROLE OF MEDIC
95
Attending to injuries or illnesses
Documenting injuries or illnesses
Lead the Medical Team onboard in
respond to medical emergency
Arranging for MEDEVAC if required
Advising on occupational health related issues.
Statistics of occupational injuries or illness

96. 1.6.9 (c) FIRST AID ARRANGEMENT OFFSHORE
96
Sick Bay / clinic Emergency shower
& eye washers
AED machine / O2 resuscitator
First aid boxes, stretcher

97. 1.6.9 (D) INVESTIGATION OF INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS
(E) PREVENTING A RECURRENCE
97Investigation to determine
root cause
Revised procedure for prevention of recurrences in future
incidents and accidents
Lost of Time and Money

98. 1.6.7 (f) SUPPORT AVAILABLE TO RELATIVES IN THE EVENT OF ILLNESS / INJURY /
MAJOR INCIDENT / EVACUATION
98
Many organizations have onshore crisis teams who are fully trained to support
relatives in the event of an illness, injury or incident offshore.
This support varies depending on the organization, but it may include supplying
transport and accommodation for relatives to get them closer to the incident,
providing counselling, or just providing regular, up-to-date information on events
as they develop.

99. 99
WRITTEN ASSESSMENT AGAINST LEARNING OUTCOME.
OPEN BOOK

100. To successfully complete this module you must be able to:
1) Identify the main offshore hazards and hazard effects/consequences; explain their
associated risks, and how they are controlled
2) Explain the potential environmental impact of offshore installation operations
3) Identify key offshore installation safety regulations and explain the basic concept of
these regulations
4) Explain the principles of managing safety on offshore installations
5) State the procedures for prescribed medicines offshore
6) Explain the concept of alcohol and substance abuse policy
7) Explain PPE requirements of working on an offshore installation
8) Explain how to report incidents, accidents and near misses on an offshore installation
9) Explain the role of the Offshore Medic
LEARNING OUTCOMES
100