This was my second Graded unit Project, it involved construction of Steel framed Office building, based on HND modules we were advised to devise solution of Steel building which two areas of specialisation in which I chose Sustainability and Frame Structure. This assignment does not have drawings and calculations unfortunately i have lost them, however their is a copy at Former Stow College now Glasgow Kelvin college so students can access from there. For any structural help, I would strongly advise to meet Mr Murdo a very competent lecturer in Kelvin college. Although its rough guide, we were not heavily using journals at that stage, as we relied mostly on our course material. However some of the Green material which i used was taken from companies publications.

1. Stow College
11
GRADED UNIT
PROJECT
OFFICESTEEL DESIGN WITH CAR PARK
Tehmas Saeed

2. 2
SECTION 1
PLANNING STAGE
Tehmas Saeed
HNDFT 2B
Civil Engineering Dept
Stow College
Glasgow

3. 3
Planning of the project
Brief interpretation
The client needed a Steel framed office building and Car park within landscaped area. The site is
adjacent to local distributor road located within industrial state. The area of whole site is 980 m2.
The office area should be 750 m2. The car park is needed to be built with the capacity of 20 cars
and cantilever is required at main entrance. I am required to provide a solution which must address
following main requirements of the project.
Requirements of the project
 Suitable Procurement Path ( Selection of contract )
 Site layout (during and after construction )
 Load Assessment
 Analysis of the structure
 Foundations
 Selection of construction material along with justification
 Layout of the building
 Design of Structure Frame
 Structural Skeleton
 Mitigation of environment impact.
 Mathematical Calculations and AutoCAD drawings in specific format.
Detailed exploration oftwo chosenconstruction areas
1. Frame Design
This will require the design of steel work and its frame along with their layout, drawings,
calculations, justification etc
2. Energy efficiency or sustainability
Construction of a building requires a lot of things to do. Different aspects of an activity related to
construction must be review on economic basis and also measurement of its impact on surrounding
environment is necessary. Therefore this project will be carried out along with reviewing different
impacts of individual activity on people and environment. More Energy efficient structure are
needed to reduce its effects. This energy efficiency means less reliability of human on fossils
specially hydrocarbons which are biggest source of global warming.

4. 4
Possible objectives of this project
 To increase the jobs opportunities for locals.
 To help reduce congestion on the roads after the construction.
Referencingof the project
It is quite obvious while any construction activity is totally unacceptable without appropriate
referencing or without fulfilling the criteria of British standards or now European Code s or any
other building regulations dealing with it.
Mainly I will be using my course notes from HNC and HND , internet as source of information
besides I will try to review any relevant literature, books in library and any research work done by
individuals or organization such as for reviewing new ideas recently researched and published for
recommendations to the construction industry. Where appropriate I will use sketches and drawings
and pictures related to construction activity. Whatever construction activity will be carried, the
source information will be given in References. If it is taken from any website, the web address
will be written, in case of book, the book name and Author name will be quoted. The research
organization recommendations if taken will be quoted by indicating the name of organization like
CIRIA (research organization of construction industry) or BRE Green Digest along with sourcing
website or book. I would love to explore any literature from relevant government departments like
SEPA, Scottish Water, and Corus Steel etc
Sustainability and renewable sources and mitigation of environmental impact
Green construction, renewable sources and sustainable construction are quite nontraditional and
usually people ignore them. But the idea contained in project know mitigation of environmental
impacts force me to think completely so instead of using traditional materials in construction phase
and then try into minimizing the effects on environment why not we start an approach which is
environmentally from start of this project I will try to focus on its sustainability of plan.
Selection of Construction method and materials Selection for construction
Materials used and construction method will be justified with comparison and reasons will be
detailed along with their detail. Justification of each activity will come along with its use. Every
activity will be carried keeping in mind of energy efficiency and sustainability.
Health and Safety Requirements
Health and Safety laws must be considered while carrying out construction activity. It is not
appropriate to carry out any construction activity without being familiar with these law and their
applications. Therefore all construction activities included in this project will be carried out in line
with Health and Safety Act 1973 and Regulations which came afterwards. Risk assessments should

5. 5
be done before carrying out any construction activity like induction of workers must be conducted
before start of work etc.
Drawings and Calculations Requirements
i. Load Assessment and Load Path
ii. Stability of Structure i.e suitability of Steel structure in terms of bending, shear and
deflection etc
iii. Modification and rectification of the selection if it contradicts the required strength.
iv. Drawings of the structure and steel size must be same throughout the project.
v. Layout, arrangements foundations and structural details
vi. Allocation of temporary office and welfare facilities.
vii. Adequate drawings, calculations and specifications to justify understanding and
completion of required tasks.
viii. Design calculations presented in sheet format.
References
 http://www.ogc.gov.uk/documents/CP0060AEConstructionPocketbook.pdf
 http://www.bre.co.uk/greenguide/podpage.jsp?id=2126
 http://www.ciria.org/service/AM/ContentManagerNet/Default.aspx?Section=Membershi
p_options&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=63
 http://www.breeam.org
 http://greensource.construction.com/
 Civil Engineering Project Management by Alan C. Twort and J.Gordon Rees.
 The Green building bible Volume 2 by Richard Nicholls (The low energy design
technical Reference )
Projecttime line
Stages Activities Taken Start
Time
Expected
Finish
Time
Days/
Weeks
Planning
Stage
 Planning and Searching
information for project
20th
Nov
2010
3rd Dec
2010
2 weeks

6. 6
Development
Stage
`
 Site investigation and
planning permission
5th Dec
2010
9th Dec
2010
4 days
 Selection of the Contract
procurement Path
9th Dec
2010
17th Dec
2010
1 week
 Gathering information about
the selection of foundation
(literature review)
17th
Dec
2010
22 Dec
2010
5 days
 Foundation Calculations for
Size Adjustments also
starting the CAD drawings of
building Starts at same time.
22nd
Dec
2010
22nd Jan
2011
4 weeks
 Site layout 22nd
Jan
2011
25th Jan
2011
3 days
 (Necessary Arrangements)
for the transport of the
material and for the
temporary accommodation
facilities for the workers and
Engineers i.e. portakabin and
temporary road layout etc
25th Jan
2011
15th Feb
2011
3 weeks
 Materials Selection 16th
Feb
2011
19th Feb
2011
3 days
 Load Assessment for
Foundations
 Designing of Foundations
 Drawings for Foundations
20th
Feb
2011
24th Feb
2011
4 days
 Selection of Steel Columns
 Design Calculations for steel.
 Drawings for steel work
25th
Feb
2011
11th Mar
2011
2 weeks

7. 7
 Drawings for the framework
or structural skeleton of the
steel.
12th
Mar
2011
20th Mar
2011
I week
 Floor type selection 20th
Mar
2011
23rd Mar
2011
3 days
 Materials selection for floor 23rd
Mar
2011
27th Mar
2011
4 days
 Roof Type Selection and
material selection
27th
Mar
2011
31st Mar
2011
4 days
 Car park type Selection 1st Apr
2011
4th Apr
2011
4 days
 Material Selection 5th Apr
2011
7th Apr
2011
2 days
 Design of Car park
 Drawings for car park
7th Apr
2011
11 Apr
2011
4 days
Evaluation
of the
Project
 Critical Evaluation
compared with timeline
 Lessons learned from
project
 How project will be tackled
differently in the future
 Self assessment of the
project
11th
Apr
2011
19th Apr
2011
1 week

8. 8
DEVELOPMENT
STAGE

9. 9
2.0 Selection of the procurement path
2.1 CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT
For any project it’s most important to select a procurement path which will be followed throughout
the projects by every party who are involved. However the most important things to be considered
rely on following three main factors.
 Time
 Cost
 Quality
So the most important is before starting any project in current challenging market is effective
decision making. Decision making is particularly hard because multiple criteria exist, which can
be both quantitative and qualitative in nature uncertainty and risk is involved. Once the decision
is made all the progress, handling, execution of work, people management, unforeseen risks, cost
control, progress of work, achievement of client objectives and targets set, what so ever going to
be involved in future construction activities wholly rely on the procurement strategy chosen.
Therefore very careful considerations must be carried out before it.
2.2 Definition of Construction Contract
A construction contract consists of activities and services carried out both above and below Ground
i.e. Substructure or Superstructure construction activities of the construction project. In Modern
Engineering (Bristol) Ltd v. Gilbert-Ash Northern [1974] AC 689,
Lord Diplock described a building contract as:
‘‘An entire contract for the sale of goods and work and labour for a lump sum price payable by
installments as the goods are delivered and the work done. Decisions have to be made from time
to time about such essential matters as the making of variation orders, the expenditure of
provisional and prime cost sums and extension of time for the carrying out of the work under the
contract’’
Also
‘‘Procurement could be considered to be the process of identification, selection and
commissioning of contributions required for the construction phase of the project.’’

10. 10
It is the roadmap set before the start of project by which the client achieves his targets. Its vital
for everybody involved are fully aware of their duties and determined the way as it is defined in
the construction contract papers.
2.3 Conditions of Contract and Importance Of written contract
 The I.C.E (Institution of Civil Engineers) Conditions of the Contract are most widely used
for civil Engineering works. It clarifies ways for better working relationship between the
Employer and the contractor, explains powers of Engineer and terms of payment.
 Role of I.C.E is significant important, if any dispute arise between any parties and could
not be resolved within them, then Institution president can be invited to solve.
 The contract is important because of possible risk. The contract leads to better
understanding between all parties involved in case of future dispute and provides a path to
develop a solution.
 Using a standard contract avoids the cost and time of individually negotiated contracts.
 Parties are assumed to understand that risk allocation and their prices can be accurately
compared
 The most vital is to have better cost control strategy which is used to identify the possible
risks involved early by having a agreement which gives client more freedom to plan for
unfavorable conditions arising in future. Dealing with them during the construction phase
is not only hard but contains the possibility of additional costs
 It also about the allocation of jobs or duties to concerned people for which they will be held
responsible for any mismanagement or carelessness during the process of construction.
This legal document help to resolve the legal dispute and complications between
contractor, consultant engineer and client or anyone who is part of construction project
team.
Generally risk could be one of following nature.
a. Unexpected ground conditions
b. Unpredicted weather conditions
c. A shortage of material
d. A shortage of skilled labour
e. Accidents either of human injury, or of carelessness resulting in flood and fire causing
damage to work and also could be a big financial blow.
2.4 ContractPath Selection Criteria for this Project
Like any buyer, the client desire his project or construction work to be completed in at a minimum
possible cost he could ever get with all needed materials , satisfactory workmanship and precisely
the accurate as per required for present standards and needs of client.

11. 11
However the following could be general main contributing factors which I have considered for
selection of my chosen contract procurement path.
1. Client’s requirements are clearly defined and understood and could be put in practice as
per demand. Those requirements could be defined feasible by conducting of feasibility
studies by employing consulting Engineer for initial stage to get brief (prior to contract
selection) about possible progression of work smoothly.
2. In case of unidentified risks, alternative to tackle new situation. Risks Include accidents.
Consequences include possible delay or closure of project plus additional cost which is not
desirable thing for any client. So while choosing paths of contract risks must be considered
and discussed and best covered or handled in project paper i.e contract.
3. Alternatives of these requirements if not achieved in time or not going to happen as
desired initially.
4. His idea of market and price certainty.
5. Idea of rapid construction or completion or target sets to be achieved.
6. His desired structural requirements were met in contractual arrangement.
2.5 Design and Build (Contract for this Project)
It took a while before I finally decided to choose this contract for project. I have reviewed other
forms of construction contract and having reviewed merits and demerits of all contract, I found
closely matching with requirements of my client.
2.6 Justification for choosing Design and Build Contract
Having reviewed the mentioned above criteria and different contract arrangements, I have chosen
the Design and build contract. Because
 It is the most popular contract which it highest share in market as 43 % while traditional
procurement shares 37 % stands as second and other types of contracts make small
percentage based on Market Turnover (source RICS )
 It is been widely adopted by most clients since 1970.
 The main advantage of having this type of arrangement is that there is a single point of
responsibility for both design and construction of the project.
 At very initial stage, client can benefit from the experience of Contractor.
 Price certainty is secured early in the project.
 Final date is fixed early in the project.
 Less risk of price changes during the design development.

12. 12
2.7 Design and Build Contract
The contractor is provided the minimum information in the form of outline brief. So contractor
would be fully responsible for the conceptual and detailed design in line with requirements of
client in terms of time, quality and execution of the work. This arrangement shifts all the risk to
Contractor and is well known for being cost effective i.e more control over time and cost.
Designand
Build
43%
Construction
Mangement
1%
Mangement
contracting
1%
Partnering
6%
Target
12%
Traditional
37%
Mostly used construction contract (source
RICS )

13. 13
Brief explanation for Design and Build (responsibilities of members)
2.6.1 Client
 The Client is responsible for initiating the contract for the construction work which in this
case is of construction of steel structured office building along with Car Park.
 He is obviously the financier of the project and responsible for all the money matters. He
should be agreed on the cost of the project.
2.6.2 Duties of ProjectManager
As I have chosen this arrangement just for wider understanding, I am just briefly explaining each
party role under this arrangement.
 Ensuring that contract documents are prepared issued and signed by contractors.
client
Design and
Build
contractor
Contractor's
project Team
Design
coordinator
Design and
Build
Contractors
Sub-contractors
contractor
Design Team
Architect
Design
consultant
Services
consultant
Project Manager
Client Representative
on design and cost
aspects

14. 14
 Arranging the Handover or Control of Site from Client to Contractor.
 Checking the progress of work and monitoring the performance of contractor.
 Ensuring the Health and Safety file is being maintained
 Establishing control over time, cost and quality of the work.
 Resolving and anticipating any potential problems before they occur.
 Ensuring the Site inspections are taking place.
 For the insurance cover over the works.
 Management of Cost plan, reporting to client and making sure client meets his
requirements as described in Design and Build Contract.
2.6.3 Duties of Design Team
 Design consultants are responsible for providing information i.e detailing of construction
design.
 Approve the designs and drawings provided by contractors.
 Settling queries as raised by contractors.
 Inspecting the work to ensure compliance with drawings and specifications.
 Assessing the work quality to be same standards as being required by National or now
EU Standards ( from 2010 BS have been replaced by EU Standards)
2.7 Other Related Parties
Main parties who will be either contacted or these would be directly or indirectly involved
during, before and after the construction, some main concerned could be
 Building control Officer
 Highways Authority
 Environmental Health Officer
 Fire Officer
 Health and Safety Executive
 Planning officers
 Archaeologists
 Trade Unions
 Police

15. 15
2.8Tendering Stage under Design and Build Arrangement
2.8.1 General Criteria for Tender Selection
As detailed in CIOB Code of Estimating Practice (CIOB 2008), the general criteria I would be
following for selection of qualified contractor is as under.
 Qualification and experience of the Contractors staff and workers.
 Health and Safety Record
 Their name in market in terms in term of their experience with their previous clients
excluding sensitive information protected under Data Protection law 1998.
 Company profile
 Technical Expertise
 Plant and Resources
 Financial Accounts
 Management Procedures
 Accidents statistics
 Induction Procedure i.e Training procedures, Trained Personnel
 Current Contracts and completed Projects
2.8.2 Invited Tendering (restricted)
I would be using Invited Tendering for this contract. The above criteria would be considered before
inviting selected contractors usually six to ten, depends upon their expertise in construction and
their experience in carry out projects or their company profile. Therefore Pre-qualified Contractors
would be invited in Tendering Stage. This pre- qualification is process of screening. This usually
contains questionnaire which includes questions about their health and safety record, health and
safety training, qualification and proven methods in place for implementing Health and Safety law
as well as qualities, professionalism and resources needed for a Competent Contractor.
2.8.3 Tendering Procedure
The copies of the contract would be sent to the contractors. The contractors will be given time to
prepare design work to enable them for pricing purpose. This time limit will be based on the
construction work which will not be less than four weeks. At this stage an enquiry raised by any
contractor would be answered, The answer would be circulated to every selected contractor to
ensure completely fair competition. Using skills and expertise in the form of Bill of Quantities,
final sum would be calculated which will include their profits and overheads. My client would
already have taken the services of an Engineer or Bid Manager for this stage. The Engineer or Bid
Manager after careful consideration and comparison of values of Tender submitted will make

16. 16
decision for offer or alternative designs if possible. That would be written in report with
recommendation of any offer to be accepted. That would not be based on minimum price Tender.
The written letter of acceptance would be sent to Successful contractor by Engineer on the behalf
of Client.
2.9 Method of Payment
I would be using Bill of Quantities for the Method of Payment. Because
 It is the most common form of Payment arrangement used for Constructional Projects
United kingdom
 It is most recommended for all projects except very small projects.
3.0 Health and Safety Requirements for
this Project
3.1 Section 1
This chapter consists of two sections
1. This Section General highlights the general duties of client, contactor and engineers under
Health and Safety laws and CDM Regulations 2007.
2. This section contains the specific requirements of this site according to Health and Safety
laws and Regulations.
3.1.1 Background
Every working day in Britain at least one person loses his life and over 6000 are injured at work.
Similarly Three quarter of a million people take time off work due to work related illness hence
resulting loss of 30 million work days as a result.
3.1.1 Health and Safety at work Act (1974)
To control work related accidents, this Act was introduced for the protection of public from work
activities. Therefore it has a main role on method planning of all construction work. Failure to
comply with these legislations could result in persecution of individuals in extreme cases. The
detailed requirements are spelt out in Regulations, which are updated when needed.
Different regulations apply to construction work as it depends upon the nature of the work.
Therefore instead of getting detailed introduction of any of these one and missing out information
about others would not work well, therefore regulations would be referenced as they will be used
in construction activities.

17. 17
3.1.2The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007
These regulations put health and safety duties on clients, designers and contractors. Before these
regulations CDM Regulations 1995 only the contractor was responsible for health and safety.
Therefore role of my client would be significant in this project as he is now required to actively
involved in health and safety.
3.1.4 Notifiable Construction Project
As general idea, this construction project will last longer than 30 days, it would be considered as
notifiable project. Therefore it must be reported to HSE Office (Health and Safety Executive).For
this project main contractor would contact HSE as its his responsibility as for D & B contract
arrangement is concerned. The latest regulations are CDM 2007 which puts more responsibilities
on client. Some of main are stated as under
3.2 Duties of client under CDM 2007
 Selection of competent team for carryout project.
 Assess the risks of injury to staff, members of public or by passers.
 The work machinery is safe to work on and appropriate test had been done.
 Harmful or hazardous chemicals or materials are safely used and regulations had been
followed during its use.
 He must set proper timeframe for the execution of the project.
 Risk assessments should be made as it is notifiable project.
 Set up emergency procedure.
 Provide protective clothing and wearing where appropriate
 Safety Signs are should be provided and maintained throughout the site.
 Report and take record of any injury incurred to any person during the construction
operation.
 Providing enough information to team members specifying exactly the needs of him, use
of site, any hazard possibility.
 Ensuring that construction team communicate and cooperate well with each other, during
the construction phase its best practice the contractors and designers talk early on issues
concerning usability and maintainability of the finished structure.
 Ensuring the suitable mechanism had been adopted for the execution of the project.
 Have insurance policy cover
3.2.1 Appointment of CDM Cordinator
As this project is notifiable project it duty of my client to appoint CDM Co-coordinator for the
implementation of health and Safety policy on the site.
His main duties would be
 Assisting the client for the implementation of regulations on site.
 Performing H&S audits and inspections.

18. 18
 Review the construction Health and Safety plan on the behalf of the client.
 Assisting the designers and contractors for the information needed for the project for carry
out their responsibilities under CDM 2007.
 Ensuring the HSE is notified about the project.
 Preparing the Health and Safety File for you (that will contain vital information about
health and safety procedure on site, which would be helpful for future need)
3.2.3 Duties of Contractor
 Implementation of Health and Safety Plan
 Make information available to staff i.e Health & Safety information File, Site surveys
designers information, risk assessment and Health and Safety Master plan.
 Managing the inspection and audits during Construction.
3.2.4 Duties of Design Team
 Making Safe construction design, maintenance and cleaning.
 Making effective decision to the design requirements did not contradicts with EU
Standards and keeping balance between work and safety policy.
 Closely working on preventing risks to any team member or member of public.
4.0 Access & Entry to Site
Access is provided for entrance of vehicles and deliveries of construction material and also for
carrying out construction works as in this case we need crane for installations of beam, columns
etc . The entrance access depends on site layout, and also how its operational point of view i.e
 Storage Facilities
 Plant
 Temporary Site Accommodation
 Temporary Services
 Fencing and hoarding
Mostly it is near to manager’s office and it is significantly important the site has a single access
point, where security personnel could take account of visitors, workers, deliveries and any other
operatives. It could help to have record for loss prevention, record accuracy and for the Health
and Safety of the workers.

19. 19
4.1 Traffic Management Plan
Each year Five British works loses their life by having accidents with construction vehicles. The
accidents on the construction site could be prevented easily by Effective Traffic Management
Plan. As for as CDM 2007 is concerned, It clearly gave us guidance to reduce the risk during the
transport operation in the site.
The following main factors would be considered by me for Traffic management Plan for safe
constructional works. These are written after having seen CDM recommendations
 Only trained and experienced drivers would be allowed to use the vehicles.
 Where dumpers will be used, the maximum slope gradient would be allowed to less than 1
: 4.
 Drivers on this site would not be be allowed to leave keys inside vehicles.
 Dumpers with only seat restraints would only be allowed.
 The dumpers drivers should aware of pot holes, excavations they could be done by well
maintained signage and boards.
 Where dumpers needed to pass near excavation end it would be made sure that the
excavation end is enough supported to carry the load.
 The driving on slope is dangerous so the recommendations from the manufacturer would
be followed to avoid any accident.
 It would be made sure that all vehicles on the site are properly maintained and have regular
safety test prior to their use.

20. 20
 Main preventions of accidents could be made by having segregation of vehicles and
pedestrians by having separate fenced lanes or paths for pedestrians.
 Self designated routes for workers to the working area which are segregated from road by
fencing it. Therefore drivers could see easily and reduce the risks on the site.
 Most accidents caused in Britain which took a life of average person a year were reversing
as drivers have no control on blind spots. The problem could be overcome by having one
way system of entrance on the site i.e therefore no reverse operation may be required or
further more CCTV installation on the rear of the lorry could help driver to judge human
presence.
 The routes designed would accommodate peak time staff members and it should be clearly
signed where it is crossing the road area.
 The Fences should not obstruct the view of workers (includes anyone involved in
construction project including visitors) and they should clearly see the movement of the
vehicles.
 Vehicles routes throughout should be made clear of any obstruction or hazard.
 Sharp bends would be avoided.
 Every single effort would be made to have safe construction of its route.
 I would be taking into account, one way system of vehicle entrance hence avoiding any
reverse of lorries if possible
Implementations of this policy are very important as for Health and Safety part of construction is
concerned.
4.2 Site Boundaries
The site would be suitably fenced so that it could be saved from theft and vandalism. The fencing
border helps to establish to distinguish the construction area and also restricts access to public.
This is significantly important as vulnerable groups like children could get into site and possible
ending up in any accident while playing.

21. 21
Most commonly used is prefabricated fence panels resting on concrete bases and held together by
clips. The installations is quite easy, the individual panels could be taken to site with precast
concrete base with hole on the top to accommodate the rods in, therefore a boundary could be set
up around the construction site.
4.23Construction of temporary road
This needs parking along with steel office building, for construction point of view its vital
important to have pavement for the construction vehicles that could be temporary road or
permanent ones. In this case I would be using a permanent pavement as they could be used for
parking purposes. Before construction of this road, the drains and ducts for drainage of water
would be installed.
4.3 Security Guarding
Due to its nature of this project, I would need a permanent security Guard at the site. The main
role would be preventing theft and also for the purpose of the Health and Safety of public. At day
time his role would be taking record of visitors, Lorries and pedestrians in the log book. That
would help in keeping time management, constructional material availability time and delivery
timings etc. Night Shift Guard would have regular patrols at night and further more I would be in
favor of installing CCTV Camera on the entrance and storage areas for the welfare of my client
and public. That would help to spot any unusual activity at night at site specially trouble caused
by drunken people at weekends and also any break in attempt to steal anything or damaging the
site.

22. 22
4.4 Welfare Facilities
As it is Design and Build contract, the principal contractor would be responsible for providing
adequate facilities for staff and workers. This includes the installation of portakabin. The Health
and Welfare regulations set the basic rules for the construction workers. They must have adequate
toilet and washing facilities, a place for warming up and eating food and for storage of their clothes.
This can include Kettle, Microwave oven and sink basin. These facilities must be kept clean neat
and tidy.

23. 23
4.4.1Toilets
Portable Toilets would be installed with lockable room with wash hand basin, water soap and hand
driers. Adequate number of toilets will be installed recommendations from HSE says one toilet for
seven workers and once in a week these would be emptied. These toilets would be properly
ventilated and cleaning of the them would depend upon their use.
4.4.2 Sanitary Facilities
The washing basin would be provided large enough for the staff to clean their hand, forearms and
hands. As this work will involve excavation and working with cement I would recommend my
client to provide skin care products for staff. But Soap, paper towels and hand dryers must be
provided. This construction could involve working with toxic or corrosive substances, shower
could in installed.
4.4.3 Drinking water
The fresh water would be supplied to the site from main supply. If it would not be possible that
adequate supply of water would be maintained by bottles and storage small tanks in the cabin. The
water tapes would be clearly marked with drinking water so that staff would not get confused.
4.4.4Rest Facilities
The portkabin installed must have adequate space for the workers to rest i.e enough table with
chairs. The kettle for boiling water for tea, microwave oven for warming food etc

24. 24
4.4.5 Smoking
For the comfort of non-smokers the smoking would be banned in the portakabin.
4.4.6 Services
This site is already been provided with electricity, water, drainage and telephone services
4.4.7 Changing and Storage Areas for Clothing
The site would be having appropriate facilities for changing areas for workers in line with
regulations.
4.4.8 First Aid box
First aid box is essential on the site and at least one person fully trained for First Aid should be at
site every day.
4.4.9 Material Storage
Due to possible risk of damage to their functional and structural point of view different
constructional material have
4.5 Health and Safety Clothing and Equipment
Number of equipments and clothing is recommended for Construction Work. As For this
construction project is concerned I would be following the HSE recommendations and hence
following equipments would be provided for the Safety of the Workers.
Safety Goggles

25. 25
Ear Defenders
Gloves
High Visibility Vest

26. 26
Safety Shoes
4.5.1Health and Safety Induction of Workers
At the start of work, every worker must be briefed about possible risks involved at the site in the
form some sort of training knows Health and Safety induction. That is essential part of my
project as Health and Safety comes first.

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4.5.2 Appropriate Singaes of the Site
Site would be properly signed in the form of instructions boards, safety charts, precautionary
sings and appropriate safety furniture on the site. That would help visitors to be on right track,
and also reminds everyone to be extra careful and if someone has any safety wearing missing by
chance so that he can get it back or sort it out before starting work.

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4.5.3 Materials Storage and Handling
Handling of Construction material has significance in terms of cost, saving time and also
addressing Health and Safety issues.
They must be stored at proper space i.e. reserved compound with appropriate way of stacking and
storage. Inappropriate stocking could cause damage to public and also being in secured compound
it prevents loss and vandalism.
Because bad handling and stocking could end up in contaminations of materials, loss to materials
structure and strength and like Brick would be stored on 1.8 m high on even platform with
prevention from water in the form of sheet. Cement would be stored on stacks no higher than 2 m
similarly we will stock all constructional material according to safety instructions or catalogues
and accordance to Health and Safety guidelines.
5.0 Specialized Areas
Frame Design & Energy Efficiency
For simplification of the project, my two main areas are in same section with their details.
5.1 Energy Efficiency & Britain Demand
The UK Government has set an much desired and legally binding target to reduce national
greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050 with an intermediate target of a 34% reduction
by 2020 (against a 1990 baseline). This project is therefore being taken forward in the line of that
target. Although much clear legislation are still in the way to come but mostly Part L of building
regulations sets clearly direction to achieve the motives as required for improved modern
construction.
In UK the three main Consumers of Energy are
 Industry
 Transportation
 Buildings
Their contribution is 21 %, 35.7 % and 43.3 % respectively according to 2004 Statistics

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This clear indicates the biggest energy consumer sector is Buildings sector as energy consumption
also damages environment, therefore design and geometry of building is made considering this
fact and transportation has plays important role in construction i.e movement of staff and
transportation of material.
5.1.1 Sustainability Agenda for this construction
Building could be rightly called environmentally friendly or sustainable form of construction, if
we have reduced its carbon emission by using alternate sources of energy and by cost effective
energy measures. As Global warming is greater issues its directly related to green houses gases
and the temperature of the globe is rising due to this, therefore Government encourages Sustainable
form of construction which has less reliance on hydrocarbons and low or zero carbon emission. I
am using different research guides and recommendations from reputed research organizations to
deal with this part of Project.
5.2 Factors considered before construction
5.2.1 Choice of Site
Knowledge of Climate plays important role as for energy efficiency of the construction is
concerned. Location of the construction site would be considered on this basis. The local
meteorological office data could be very helpful to know the variations of climate throughout the
year. The complete understanding of climate that how it will affect heat gain or loss in the building
is significantly important. Hence Landscape of the office would be based on the idea of minimizing
the effects of climate.
Industry
21%
Transport
36%
Buildings
43%
Buildings
43%
Energy Usage Chart

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5.2.2 Temperature Factor
The Glasgow or Scotland is much colder than the rest of the Country, therefore the greater the
difference between inside and outside of the building the greater the energy loss would be through
ventilation routes. Heat Transfer Mechanism can occur by either conduction, convection or by
radiation. Much better results could be achieved by the introduction of additional insulation either
it costly but in longer run it quite cost effective in terms of energy savings.
5.2.3 Solar Access
The layout of site would be considered according to location of obstruction to the south of the site
i.e Tall buildings or Trees. Therefore the information about angle, or geometry of shadow could
be gathered for the long term achievement i.e that information could be used for making maximum
use of daylight to save energy cost.
5.2.4 Water Penetration
Areas like Glasgow are mostly wet thought the year Glasgow receives more rainfall than even
neighboring Edinburgh. Therefore the external masonry walls must be made additional water
resistant to minimize water penetration. Any coating used should be Permeable to allow the
moisture content of building to escape through it.
5.2.4 Degree Days and Temperature Difference
The difference in outside and inner temperature is taken in degrees. The colder the area, the degree
days will be higher. Therefore for considering the building standards we have to consider the
location of the construction site. Therefore we cannot assume same thermal requirements for whole
Britain. The Scotland got more degree days i.e 2600 as compared to London 2100 degree days.
Therefore that factor would be considered in the design process of the building.

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5.2.5 Wind Factor
Site location according to its height from sea level is very important. The lesser the height from
the sea level is the stronger the wind effect would be. Glasgow is very windy place and therefore
the direction of the wind would be considered. The door location and entrance also depend on this
factor. The wind reduces the temperature therefore designing of spaces for windows, doors and
spacing would be based after determining the direction of the wind.
5.3 Recommendation of Transportand Bio fuels usage
As My project is initiative towards greener construction i.e minimum use of energy and
reduced emission of carbon. I would like to all engineers to be picked by one Van, therefore no
car will be allowed. Therefore less fuel will be used, and all be picked in one bus. As most workers
start almost the shift almost the same time, the staff and management will be picked. It was
assumed, local company was hired for carry out this construction work. “Bio-fuels are the best
way of reducing the emission of the greenhouse gases’’.
The Bus should be using bio fuel as they are renewable sources unlike petroleum fuels which are
derived from fossils. Bio Fuel is made up of vegetable oils, animal’s fats and grease therefore
environmental friendly. In this way, a lot of energy lost through the consumption of the fuel could
be saved and carbon emission could be reduced.
5.4 MaterialSelectionaccording to thermalValue
As detailed in my planning stage activities will be carried out accordance with European Codes
and where appropriate From the Govt organization website like Green build provides extensive
information according to latest British requirements set for achieving the target of zero carbon
Construction. The guidelines were set in latest building regulations which are available in planning
portal website. I am using this for using environmentally friendly material. The company technical
data which I am using Baudar which has won the FRA Green build Award 2009.
5.4.1 Introduction
As my I am working on energy efficient on project therefore material selection was based keeping
in view of their structural strength along with the their environmental impact. In planning stage,
activities were decided on the basis of practical construction idea i.e starting from foundations to
roof in theory it works other way around we have to design superstructure first so that we could
calculate their loads and substructure as it is going to take all the load comes after.
5.4.2 Green Roof Selection
The idea of green roof seems very attractive to me because it provides nice landscape also
environmentally friendly since quite nontraditional in Britain is getting increasingly popularity due
to its structural and functional use.

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5.4.3 Justification of Roof Selection
There are loads of advantages but few main one were considered are as follow.
It reduces burden on SUDS in by reducing runoff water because it takes water into plantation and
release it back in the form of evaporation. Sir Michael Pitt submitted Final Report on 2007
Flooding known as 'Learning lessons from the2007 floods' states that "new developments should
not expect to be automatically connected to the public drainage system." Therefore in the light
of that report I think new development conventional roof makes it harder for exiting drainage
system to coup with their design specification. Green roof can retain up to 80 % rain water and up
to 35 % in winter.
5.4.4 Thermal Value and Increased Energy Efficiency
As it is commercial building in summer we can save energy of air conditioning for cooling purpose
because green roof naturally helps the building to be cool during summer and also it helps little bit
to increase thermal performance of structure in winter by retaining heat depending how wet it is.

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5.4.5 Increase roof life span
Green roof increases the strength of water proof membrane therefore increases overall life span
of the roof.
5.4.6 Improved air and water quality
Green roof makes the environment cleaner by absorbing the harmful particles from local area
and therefore leaving lesser pollutants in local water runoff.
5.4.7 Reduced Noise Pollution
Green roof reduces noise transfer due to its structure, for external up to 3db and internal noise up
to 8db therefore recommended for its industrial use.
5.5.1 Use of Recycled Material
Many waste material or recycled material can be used in the construction of the green roof and it
also replaces the green land lost due to construction.
Typical Green Roof (Similar to mine Chosen)

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5.5.1 Pre Cast concrete Units as structural support for Roof and upper
Floor & Solid Ground Concrete Floor
These panels are ready made in different sizes and they would be transported the site and could
be assembled quickly.
5.5.1.1 Justification for this selection
 It is faster method of construction and it saves time.
 This is the part of modern method of construction.
 It is economic
 It produces less waste, may involve less transport of the materials
 It is energy efficient and environmentally friendly.
 Less impact on local people
5.5.2 Technical Details
 The design data was taken from Euro code 2 for Concrete Design.
 The depth of the concrete is 250 mm including screed.
5.5.2.1 Solid Ground Floor
The solid ground floor slab I have chosen is Concrete floor with smooth tile finish. The concrete
slab thickness was assumed 250 mm which is suitable for it structural point of view.
5.5.3 Blinding and Thermal performance
The blinding layer would be 600 mm which is maximum for this arrangement It would consist of
Brick rubble, well graded gravel, well graded quarry waste, Hard burnt Clinker, Pulverized Fuel
Ash
The function of the insulation to reduce heat loss through the floor and through walls by reducing
thermal bridging

35. 35
Vapour control layer is introduced to prevent from moisture produced due to drying up of concrete,
Extruded Polystyrene Solid Floor Insulation would be used by me as it is strong enough to hold
the weight of the concrete and also it has very good thermal performance.
5.5.4 Cladding Selection (Fiber C outer Skin cover & Brick and Block
Cladding)
I am using Fiber C façade panels to cover building leaving same look as they are concrete
buildings.
5.6.1 Cladding Criteria Followed
Traditionally brickwork has been selected for low and medium rise building. From my HND
notes, it must address following requirements.
 Capable of holding both and negative wind pressure.
 Good thermal insulation
 Must provide fire resistance
 Must also able to provide daylight and ventilation
 Must be attractive
 Provide resistance to water penetration
5.6.1 Justification of Fiber C (concrete skin)
I. It is cost effective and environmentally friendly material.
II. It meets that standard for sustainability as 95 percent of it made up of natural material
like sand, cement and fiber Glass. It can be completely recycled.
III. It is weatherproof and lightweight Waterproof according to EN 12467
IV. It is recommended by Green Spec Website
V. It may consist of 55 percent recycled material
VI. It is lightweight with very low toxic material.
VII. It is waterproof and fire resistant
VIII. It meets the requirements of European Standards i.e n. The look and quality of [fibre C]
corresponds to EN 1339 DIN EN 12467 01-12-2006, approval DfBT Z - 31.1.79 and
DIN 18202 10 2005
IX. Thermal and rain testing according to EN 12467
X. It has passed ETA European approval Test.
XI. Fire resistance - class A1 to DIN - Thermal stability up to 350 degrees C - Passed tunnel
fire tests with temperatures of over 1200 degrees C
5.6.2 Technical Data
 The panel size would be - 3600 mm x 1200 mm
 Minimum panel size - 600 mm x 300 mm
 13mm thick (Thickness tolerance maximum +/- 1mm )
 Flat weight = c. 32 kg per m2

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5.6.3 Colour code (Sand stone)
From cladding solutions manufacturer website, I am choosing this data I would like to use
Sandstone as external cover.
Likely external view of my cladding
5.6.4 Brick & Block Work
It basically consist two walls outer wall is made up of brick and inner is made up of Blocks. The
two walls have minimum gap of 50 mm for insulation. These walls are tied
They were selected because
 It provides good fire resistance
 They are made up of natural materials
 Modern day construction material is more energy efficient due to use of sun energy and
advanced heating methods.
 Provides excellent sound insulation, heat and wind protection due to heavy structure.
 Any further development or opening in the structure could easily be adopted
 It provides Wind resistance.
 It would be water resistant as it is covered by Fiber C (outer skin).
 Block provides excellent surface for plastering
5.6.5 Cavity wall Tie
The use of cavity wall tie is to hold the two walls the standard I am using 150 mm long. Wall ties
are usually 900mm apart horizontally and 450mm vertically. They are usually galvanized steel.
They role is important for strength and sustainability of the walls. For Energy efficiency as
recommended by Green Building Website I would be using Teplo basalt fibre wall tie which is
most energy efficient material

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Standard masonry wall
5.6.6 Technical Details
 Design should conform to BS 5628–1: 1992 (Code of practice for use of masonry.
 Wall ties to BS EN 845–1: 2003
 External cover of Fiber would be 13mm.
 Standard brick size is 215 × 102.5 × 65 mm
 50 mm spacing for insulation between inner and outer leaf i.e. between brick and Block.
 The standard block size is 440 x 215 mm. I am using lightweight 100 mm dense concrete
block.
 Under this combination the U value of insulation would be 0.26.
5.6.7 Insulation
Therma fleece would be used as part of my insulation material made up of wool of British Hill
sheep.. I have chosen this arrangement because
 It is environmentally friendly
 It is energy efficient as recommended by Green building website
 It is recyclable and has life of 50 years.
 It can absorbs moisture without damaging its thermal efficiency
 It is completely safe to handle.
5.6.8 Technical details
 It is BBA approved under Certificate Number 02/3950
 Thermal conductivity value 0.038 W/m.K and certified under ISO 8302

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5.6.9 Front curtain Walling
To make builder look more attractive front part is covered with Glazed curtain walling and for
making it thermally suitable to fulfill building regulations and to control heat loss, double glazing
would be used which has very low thermal value or U value. For impressive look and to make my
office look more attractive the front part of the office would have glazed curtain walling. For
thermal compatibility and reduced heat loss, I will be using double glazing glass. As comparatively
expensive, it was avoided in the rest of building. It is supported throughout the span of floor by
mullions which are all wind resistant. Double glazing provides enough sound and thermal
insulation and it is also fire resistant.
Example of use of glazing in office
5.7.0 First Floor selection (Concrete Decking)
o Floor should be able to uphold the forces acting on it ,
o Must be fire resistant.
o Must provide good sound insulation and can accommodate services.
o Must be damp proof.
o Must contain thermal insulation for reduced heat loss.
o Must be durable and should last longer with minimum maintenance needed in future.
5.7.1 Roof Structure and Size
Additionally my green roof selection also satisfies following criteria.
 Provide enough resistance to weather
 Resist any forces from winds, its own weight, wind loads and imposed loads.
 Conform to thermal expansion, conform to Section 6 of Building Regulations
 Conform to Part B of the Building Regulations as for as fire resistance is concerned.
5.7.2 Selection of Sections (structural Framework) & Design Layout
There were three basic things which I have to choose to form a steel framework of the building. I
have been given to workout in 980 m2 building in which 20 cars park spacing were required and
office space requirement was 750 m2. The main design was made according to the limits included
in my brief. The spacing of the door, corridors, main entrance, toilets spaces, disabled toilets and

39. 39
other arrangements were chosen by the Guide known as Metric Handbook Planning and Design
Data an authentic code for design purpose in Britain. Spacing were adequate 900 mm for any
opening in the building.
Fire exits are provided and two set of stairs were introduced just to provide additional passage in
case of fire.
About 2 meters were left all around for the building to allow enough space for Foundation and to
provide landscape and passage to users of office building to leave from three exits.
To satisfy the above criteria
 The units used are millimeters and meters.
 Site plan is 28 m x 35 m which totals 980 m2.
 The road attached width is 7300 m chosen from Traffic Manual saved in Y drive my college
account
 The pavement attached to the road had got standard width of 2.0 m chosen from same
source.
 I have chosen 18 columns with spacing of 6.l m spacing with last column spacing of 6.6 m
horizontally
 Vertically there are three columns with spacing of 5.8 m in each column. The primary
beams have same dimension as shown in drawings attached.
 The corridors and stairs spaces were selected according to functionality and were taken
from Metric Handbook and Design Data.
 Provision for the disable people were taken, all corridors, corridors and lift were designed
to have enough space for them. Design Manual recommends for 750 minimum spaces for
such openings.

40. 40
Typical dimension for standard wheelchair
5.7.3 Car Park
Standard 20 spaces for car were required and as per British requirement are concerned at least
two spaces required for disabled parking. The minimum size for car park chosen was 2.4 m x 4.8
m.
5.7.4 Disable Car Park Space
It was vitally important to take considerations of Disability Discrimination Act 1995 dedicated
two spaces were constructed for disabled people to meet minimum standards. At least 5 % of all
the parking bays must be reserved for disabled visitors. They were located near the front entrance
for their convenience and path has been indentified to their space and they must be singed properly
or painted.
Typical disabled signed
5.7.5 Ramp
The ramp was designed in accordance with the requirements of modern constructions since
Britain population contains significant number of disable people therefore we have to consider
this requirement for front door entrance. For this purpose ramp was introduced.

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5.7.6 Spaces for Cyclist
The parking spaces were made in order to promote healthy way of life and it saves fuel
consumption and since Britain is promoting cyclist by introducing cycle lanes it is vital
important to have this.
5.7.7 Green Landscape
My car park have Green landscape, purpose of this is to provide natural habitat and also grass
help reduce pollution from diesel spillage and it is attractive and makes the office look
impressive.
This type of landscaping would be used in car park.

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5.7.8 Site layout (construction phase)
So my dimension for site is at 28 m x 35 m
 Selection of Columns
 Selection of Secondary Beams
 Selection of Primary Beams
5.7.9 Selection of the columns
For drawing purpose I only had to locate the positioning of the columns and once load assessment
of the structure is done, at that stage I could be able to choose specific section from Steel tables
produced by Corus Construction Website. These tables come with their structural and functional
properties1.
5.8.0 Site Preparation
It takes roughly about 14 weeks to have delivery of steel on site after order. In the meantime
foundation could be made ready for installation of steel columns
5.8.1 Connections
All the sections on the site would be delivered and then bolted on the site, for saving money and
time we would have two mobile cranes for installation of our columns and beams.

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5.8.2 FIRE PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK
5.8.3 Sprinkles
For the fire protection purpose, it is mandatory I would strongly recommend my client to use
sprinkles. Research shows they over 90 percent of fire could be controlled by four sprinklers and
they are highly proven effective to spread the path of fire.
It controls fire from start because of its working which is exploding bulb principle. So in case of
fire bulb explodes, that automatically start water supply from sprinkler. Therefore the fire could
be controlled at very early stage since water damage is not significant as compared to its
functionality its highly recommend and its requirement for the office building. It must address the
technical requirements of the Building regulations.
5.8.4 Aggregates
Aggregate should in the construction of the floor would be energy efficient because I would use
recycled material provided it is of almost same strength as of virgin aggregate most comprehensive
information had been provided in HND technology notes about Stapletion International Airport.
5.8.5 EnvironmentalImpact
 Air contamination
 Oil solvents and paints metals
 Use of resource like water
 Grid electricity use of source
 Water pollution
 Drummed or tinkered waste (injurious to human health )
 Visual intrusion
 Wild life
5.8.6 Mitigation of the Environmental impact
So for the continuation of the construction process of this project was taken forward considering
the these issues, mostly I had tried to come alternative solutions, my approach is clearly highlighted
as recommendation from the government for the mitigation of the environmental impact focus on
use of following to address these issues.
 Environmental standards must according to IS0 1400:1 1996
 Use of Recycled material
 Extending the life of structure or durability
 Reduction of construction waste or landfill.

44. 44
5.8.7 Risk Assessment
Every project has its own issues and environmental risks involved. As an Engineer mine approach
is to work out these risks in any specific logical manner and then compared with its economical or
overall benefits. The procedure I would be following will of following five steps.
Risk Management Procedure for this project
5.8.8 Comparison
After applying this strategy and were compared with BREAM (BRE Environmental Assessment
Method), then alternative systems would be advised.
5.8.9 Use of Material Safety Data Sheet
1. Any hazardous material comes with a manufacture data sheet which gives information
about its use and how the chemical must be handled. The instructions should be followed
throughout construction project
2. Mould oil is highly dangerous they must be stored in bounded secured compound, and
should always be away from moving vehicles.
3. Minimum distance which will be kept would be 10 meters from watercourse and at least
50 meters of well or borehole.
5.9.0 Sustainable Drainage System (SUDS)
After April 2006 it is law in Scotland to provide new developments SUDS system for drainage of
runoff water. I am using this arrangements for road built for this site because
It can prevent contamination of water due to pollutants contained in surface water like
grease, suspended solids, fuel etc
It can easily filter petrol, diesel spillage, Nitrates, road salt and grit particles.
Recognise
• Feedback
• Define
System
• Indentify
Hazards
Analyse
• Continuing
Hazards
• Hazards
from
Failure
• Analyse
Effects
/Consequen
ces
Assess
• Assess
overall risk
• Frequencies
x
Consequenc
es
Evaluate
• Reject/
Accept Risk
• comparing
code of
practice/tar
gets
Correct
• Modify
system
• No change
monitor

45. 45
Through Detention process we can recycle water for site use, can prevent underground
water reservoir and can prevent any possible harm could have caused to contamination of
water.
5.9.1 Use of Recycled aggregate in the foundation (Gorbals source)
The use of recycle aggregate addresses my sustainability agenda of this project. Recycled
aggregate could be used for his purpose. Anything locally manufactured or mined not only help
local economy but also helps reduces cost in the fuel and also saves emissions result from delivery
vans. Also use of aggregate is energy efficient as in that case we do not have to mine them resulting
more fuel used for blasting rocks and crushing them to require size needed.
 Gorbals in the Southside of Glasgow could be good source of (recycled) aggregate where
the high rise flats were recently demolished.
 Rubble could be used as ground fill
and other waste material from blast furnace like hard burnt clinker and pulverized Fuel Ash could
be used for same purpose where could be adjusted.
5.9.2 Car park & permeable block pavement
For the layout purpose I have indentified in layout that I would use pavement construction. My
project focuses on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability I am Using Permeable Block pavement
for pavement in car park.
5.9.3 Justification & Background
In 2007 flood damaged Britain 57000 homes due to rivers and also due to the overload drainage.
The Government reports suggests that many more are at risk due to increased urbanization and
increased load on drainage system also due to unpredictable weather and global climate change.
Even in Dec 2010, the extreme cold weather broke all records and it was coldest month in 100
years. Recent devastating floods in July 2010 of Pakistan is another example of Climate change
which shows unpredictable excessive rainfall could cause flooding at any time of the year.

46. 46
Therefore it is increasingly import ant new developments runoff water should be discharged safely
and sustainable approach must be adopted.
 This arrangement improves runoff water quality by removing pollutants from it. According
to CIRIA C609, 2004 on performance of Permeable Pavement it can reduces filtrate
hydrocarbons up to 90 %, phosphorous to 80 %, Nitrogen to 80 %. Therefore Helps
biodiversity and environmentally friendly.
 Decreases the amount of water
 The design must conform to SUDS Manual (CIRIA 2007 )
Typical Block pavement for Car park
6.0.0 Calculations with Euro-codes
 The design methods adopted From BS EN 1993:2005 Euro codes 3: Designof Steel
Structures
 BS EN 1991 Actions on Structures (Load Safety Factors as given in Steel Notes 1.25 Gk
+ 1.5 Qk
 Steel Grade S275 is chosen.
 BS EN 1990
 Actions on Load
 Euro code 2 for concrete Design
 BS 5950 -1 for checking Deflection as there is no provision in Euro-code
 Bolts used are M20 class 8.8 grade
 Fck Concrete class 25N/mm2

47. 47
 Minimum length of the base plate would be at least equal to the flange of the UKC
column.
 Bedding space should be 25 to 50 mm between concrete column and base plate.

48. 48

49. 49
Evaluation Stage
6.1.0 Self Assessment(Time line)
This project was handed in the draft form to us in Nov 2010 and composed of three main parts.
 Planning
 Development
 Evaluation
 Two deadlines were set, one for Planning stage which was 3rd Dec 2010
 Development stage &Evaluation stages were supposed to be submitted before or on 20th
May 2011.
Planning stage was done in time and was handed in and I was supposed to set up a different
dates in that stage which I have to follow during the project. My main activities were decided
and I have set certain dates in my planning stage and in this part of my project I am supposed
to compare difficulties and issues and problems which I have faced through and my activities
as compared to my initial set dates in planning stage.
6.1.1 Sections Strategy in Development Section and Evaluation Strategy
For the simplicity of my project I have split the development into different sections according to
their significance and I would recommended this because
 It actually helps us to progress on the different activities at same time, provided
they are not dependent on each other.
 It makes easy to read from title and sections one can easy access any part without
taking longer time to search information and all the activities get covered in these
sections.
 My main detailed area of research was Sustainability, Energy Efficiency and Frame
design. Generally as for today I would add that activities took longer than their set
dates. Issues were different according to their implications. For this section I have
adopted same approach So that reader of this project could exactly know where I
got problem and how I have tackled them. So I start from the very beginning
6.1.2 Issues with Time Management
6.1.3 Contract Management
The first thing was to choose the contract arrangement for this project, now this part was
considered by me very easy, I thought it a straightforward from number of contract arrangement
but when literature was reviewed, it seems like every contract arrangement got some demerits so

50. 50
harder was the justification for choosing that arrangement. The main problem was, as there is no
contract arrangement recommended for construction works and when you come to advantages of
any contract in literature review, most contract arrangements seem perfect but when their
disadvantages are taken to consideration, all seems void. However the confusion was resolved,
when I read book (Code of Practice for Project Management) by Charter Institute of Building.
This book was defined as client orientated document by Author.
So extensive research was done by me in terms of comparing different arrangements and my
justification was detailed in Development section for choosing Design and Build Contract. It took
about 15 to 21 days so quite longer than expected to be.
6.1.4 Health and Safety
Health and safety got significant importance in modern day construction project. Loads of
information is provided in HSE website and HNC and HND notes but the problem was to choose
specific information relevant to this project, therefore my effort was to choose most relevant
regulations which could be implemented in my case. That was time consuming in terms I have to
go through all the literature provided.
6.1.5 Green roof Selection
Literature available on internet put light on loads of advantages of Green roofing but unfortunately
mine time consuming thing was to reference it, although in planning stage I clearly mentioned
about research organization where possible I would use their data but still lack of regulations could
make my stance weaker or invalid. Fortunately I found about GRO Green Roof Code of Best
Practice for the UK 2011 and therefore problem resolved.
6.1.6 Frame Design and Drawings
Drawings take more time because the confusions exits since drawing is not complete our
progressions stops in many parts of project. Since the spanning of the beams, then designing of
the building according to latest standards and the justification for each space was time
consuming and Manual for Standard size helped to draw the building plan.
It took long time over the confusion of the span, sections selections, and most importantly
actions of different load in course notes.
There are also standards for workstations and office space in the Workplace Health, Safety &
Welfare Regulations 1992.
6.1.7 Contract Selection
Although Design & Build contract was chosen after careful consideration.
 But this arrangement also got some disadvantages like
 less control over the specification of quality of work
 more control in contractor hands

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 Appointment of Design Team
In future these disadvantages would be considered against my client requirements
6.1.8 Health and Safety Section
Although all possible Health and Safety regulations were taken into consideration. Since in
practice there more challenges and risks involved, it is most probable that I would have missed
some points like computer Screen Safety and in future I would try to focus on this issue by
exploring more literature and visiting construction sites.
6.1.9 Welfare Facilities
Although HNC study notes were followed as for allocation of the site accommodation is concerned
and in the drawing I have shown it is just near to front access, although this arrangement looks
quite attractive, since in practice the scenario could be different therefore I would recommend in
future I would go through more useful space for the allocation of the welfare facilities based on
operational point of the view.
7.0.0 Energy Efficiency
I have reviewed different literature from different research organization, most of them are in the
process of getting better results i.e. experimenting different materials to get lowest value. Main
trouble was to link materials with their environmental performance and provision of their
references. Now these things take time, since there is no absolute specification in Market,
hopefully in future broader picture could be revealed hopefully authentic approved data is in
market in near future. More literature and research work will improve mine work if I have to do it
again in future.
7.0.1 Energy Appliances (Solar Panel)
Although I tried to cover up the energy efficiency, I have read literature about the new energy
efficient appliance, like installation of solar panel and Since I have seen in Local Metro on Sunday
that there is now a full page advertisement for installment of solar panel in Scotland in relatively
economical cost covered up in installments, I have missed this option for my project, also I have
not been able to review the literature about solar panel performances, in future energy efficient
appliances would be at the top of my agenda. I would like to take considerable note on them.
Frame design and Lessonslearnt
Main lessons learnt after doing this project are as follows:
7.0.2 Calculations & drawings
I would have finished my project on 19th April 2011 if there were no calculations and drawings.
In drawings considerations of spaces were vitally important, most time consumed was for the

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selections of Sections and decision for the spanning, now this part I have not touched steel notes
till the very last few weeks, I was quite reluctant to use anything from already made plan, therefore
this confusion took me down, but after selecting sections and doing calculations It was resolved,
had there been initial calculations and drawings ready I would have submitted earlier and most
probably according to time limit set in planning stage.
Other was actions and self weights of different elements, I picked green roof because it’s new idea
but where to get sizes and self weights of different layers was greatest problem since new
recommended things exits therefore any research organization data would have worked. Therefore
from Baudar Company I ordered a Brochure for Roof and I was lucky to get that by post that
resolved this issue.
The confusion raised for external cladding for UDL as I had to produce in KN/m but I was getting
through concrete centre data was KN/m2 therefore I was stuck, this kind of confusions needed to
be resolved earlier, it continued to end, since very last day, therefore calculations time was short,
and same does with the drawings as the drawing depend on calculations, therefore my all
motivation and hard work for rest of the project ended up with no great calculations work.
Hopefully I have learnt the lesson for future, whatever the project might be I would do calculations
and drawings first and then go to theoretical part of it. That is main lesson learnt from this project.
6.1.6 Personal Progression
i. This project boosted my confidence to undertake any project in the future.
ii. Steel Structures and their details are well updated to me, and also have learnt a lot more
about the Euro code.
iii. This project gives me a chance to go through a wider range of research work as for
energy efficiency is concerned. This therefore enabled me to work on other books rather
than course thus developed my broader understanding.
iv. Linking the different stages of constructions, this project gave me better idea of modern
construction right from beginning to its end.
v. It refreshed my memory and we get back in touch with our course notes and work done
in past, which helps to keep our knowledge fresh.
vi. It would have good impact on my CV, as I can include this as my work as project.
Recommendations for Future Project
i. By the time now as the Euro codes are new in market, hopefully literature found would be
more updated, again the approach would be a little bit different.
ii. Drawings and Calculations must be done initially without taking anything else into
consideration I would like to start from the beginning of the project and also will start
drawing first.
iii. Consultation with lecturers could be started from day one, if we have something to show
to get their feedback.

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iv. There may be more focus on Sustainability and greener aspect of the project in future and
I hope more information would be available to support our work.
v. For college administration I would like to add it better if we finish course earlier and then
handed in Graded Unit to do it in holidays and keeping in touch with lecturers if any issue
needed to discuss because during this year the project was already handed in and we have
studied things later during the last three months of our course.
References
Civil Engineering Project Management by Alan C. Twort, J. Gordon Rees
Construction planning, programming and control Third Edition by Wiley-Blackwell.
Code of Practice for Project Management For construction and Development Third Edition by
Black well publishing.
HNC AND HND CONTRACT MANGEMENT NOTES
Health and Safety Notes HND
Civil Engineering Technology Notes HND
HNC Traffic Engineering Notes
Structural Steel Notes HND
Sub-structure Notes HNC
The Green Building Bible Volume 2, the low energy design technical reference By Richard
Nicholls (Green Building Press)
Metric Handbook Design and Data By David Elder
Car park Guidance Notes Published by Sports England Publications
http://www.shepwedd.co.uk/knowledge/published-articles/article/88/construction-procurement-
in-the-uk-an-update/year/2007/5/
http://www.palgrave.com/PDFs/9780230521650.Pdf
http://www.ogc.gov.uk/documents/Contract_Management.pdf

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http://www.pp.okstate.edu/arch/Chopshop/New%20Folder/A11.pdf
http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/HAElshakour/GE%20402/Topic_10_Types%20of%20construction%20
contracts.pdf
http://www.archcairo.org/Department/ABT/ARCN305/LECTURES/LECTURE%205.pdf
http://www.palgrave.com/PDFs/9780230521650.Pdf
http://constructionadvisortoday.com/2010/01/experts-stress-the-importance-of-putting-it-in-
writing-in-design-and-construction-contracts.html
http://www.waterways.org.uk/pdf/restoration/the_use_of_nec__engineering_and_construction_c
ontract
http://www.biofuel.org.uk/biofuel-from-waste.html
www.targetzero.info
http://www.surveyorsreports.co.uk/wall_tie_survey_report.htm
http://saferdesign.org/Documents/Construction%20Vechical%20Management%20(hsg144).pdf
http://www.clearingtheairscotland.com
http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/library/publications/33889.aspx
http://www.claddingsolutions.com/products/30/
http://www.cba-blocks.org.uk
http://www.insulation.kingspan.com/uk/pdf/tw50.pdf
http://www.aluminium-shopfronts.co.uk/green_&_secure.htm
http://www.paving.org.uk/permeable.php
http://www.lowenergyhouse.com/solid-floor-insulation.html

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Projectchecklistfor completion ofthe project
No Activities Required for Project CheckList
1 Interpretation of brief
2 Material and Sources
3 Sustainability Agenda
4 Construction process
5 The layout of the site (before and after construction)
6 Foundations
7 Layout of the building
8 Design of structural framework
9 Construction material
10 Justification of selection
11 Specialist Areas i.e Energy Efficiency and Frame Design
12 Procurement path
13 Adequate schedules, drawings and Calculations
14 Use of up to date regulations, codes and standards
15 CAD Drawings of layout arrangements, foundations and
structural details
16 Security Fencing and justification
17 Temporary accommodation and site office
18 Temporary or permanent road arrangement
19 Type of roads
20 Car park type and size
21 Lesson learnt during the project
22 Critical evaluation of the outcome achieved
23 Comparison with initial target set
24 Identification of the feedback to address problems
25 Realistic evaluation of the project