Internet of Things: Comparison of Protocols & Standards
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Slides comparing three key protocols for Internet of Things - ZigBee, Z-Wave and Bluetooth
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Internet of Things: Comparison of Protocols & Standards
- 1. Internet of Things Comparison of Connectivity & Protocols, Wireless Sensor Technologies ZigBee, Z-Wave & Bluetooth ! Version 0.9 May 2014 ! Ashu Joshi, ashu@about.me 1
- 2. Overview • For ‘things’ to get connected (i.e. to the Internet) - they need a physical connectivity medium - and at the simplest level this medium can either be Wired or Wireless • Internet connectivity implies being addressable by an Internet Protocol (IP) Address (IPv4 or IPv6) - which is possible when you have an ‘IP Stack’ (software that provides the networking layers) • The OSI model defines the various layers of networking (or connectivity), and the IEEE defines various standards at the lower levels of networking interface • Some media / interfaces allow for an IP stack, and some don’t • Those that don’t will need to rely on a ‘gateway’ or a ‘device’ that provides a ‘translation’ between IP and Non-IP • A “thing” connected to the Internet will be addressable using an IP Address or a URL: • Either directly - if the thing has an IP stack • Or indirectly if it is not connected natively to the IP network 2
- 3. “Popular” Wireless Connectivity Standards
- 4. Z-Wave Protocol Stack • Industry de-facto standard • Single Source, Sigma Designs acquired Zen-Sys • Advantage – Everything just works - Chips for devices & controllers are all from Sigma • Support for full Mesh Network • Operates in the sub-1GHz band; impervious to interference from Wi-Fi and other wireless technologies in the 2.4-GHz range (Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.) • Designed specifically for control and status apps, supports data rates of up to 100kbps, with AES125 encryption, IPV6, and multi-channel operation • MAC and PHY are described by ITU-T G.9959 specification • Full interoperability through layer 5 with backwards compatibility to all versions. • As of 2013: • Z-Wave alliance had 250 members • 900 Z-Wave products certified 4
- 5. IEEE Standards 5 IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) IEEE 802.15 Personal Area Network (PAN) IEEE 802.16 Wireless Broadband Access IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks WiFi 802.11a/b/g/n 802.11ah (sub-GHz) 802.15.1 Bluetooth 802.15.4 Low Rate WPAN (2003-2006-2011) 802.15.4e-2012 MAC Enhancement 802.15.4f PHY for RFID 802.15.4g-2012 amendment Smart Utility Networks 802.15.4c Sub-GHz PHY for China 15.4m Study Group TV White Space amendment 802.15.6 Body Area Networking 802.15.7 Visible Light Communications
- 6. ZigBee Pro and ZigBee IP Protocol Stack • ZigBee Pro is the third iteration of the standard preceded by ZigBee 2004, and ZigBee 2006 Versions. Is fully backward compatible. • Wireless Network • Low-power wireless mesh network • Builds on or leverages the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for the Data, Link and Physical Layer specifications • Supports Global 2.4GHz band, and region specific sub-GHz bands such as 868 or 915 MHz • ZB Pro: Supports “Application Profiles” that give it ‘vertical-specific’ flavor - see block diagram for the profiles • ZigBee IP is latest version, mapping IPv6 stack (6LoWPAN) to the 802.15.4 and introducing the Smart Energy Profile 2.0 (SEP 2.0) Adapted from http://greentechadvocates.com/2013/04/04/zigbee-ip-smart-grid-meet-the-internet-of-things/ PHY MAC Network Application Standard ZBA ZHC ZHA ZLL ZRS ZSE ZTS ZigBee Pro IEEE 802.15.4 15.4 Sub GHz Region Specific 15.4 Sub GHz Region Specific ZBA: ZigBee Building Automation ZHC: ZigBee Healthcare ZHA: ZigBee Home Automation ZLL: ZigBee Light Link ZRS: ZigBee Retail Services ZSE: ZigBee Smart Energy ZTS: ZigBee Telecom Services ZigBee Smart Energy 2.0 ZigBee IP 6
- 7. Bluetooth • Design goal • Cable replacement • Low cost • Low power • Small size • For mobile devices • Standard: IEEE 802.15.1 • Classes • Class 1 (100mW, 100m range) • Class 2 (2.5mW, 10m range) • Class 3 (1mW, 1m range) • RF • ISM band between 2.4-2.485GHz • Frequency hopping over 79 channels, 1600 hops/second 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Dual!Mode! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Classic! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Single!Mode! Version Data rate Feature 1.2 721 kb/s 2.0 + EDR 3 Mb/s Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) 3.0 + HS 24 Mb/s High-Speed 4.0 1 Mb/s (BLE) Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
- 8. Bluetooth vs. BT Low Energy 8
- 9. Networking Layer Comparison 9 TCP Ethernet PHY Ethernet MAC IP UDP ICMP HTTP, RTP, FTP, etc. TCP/IP Protocol Stack Physical Data Link Network Transport Application IEEE802.15.4 PHY IEEE802.15.4 MAC IPv6 with 6LoWPAN UDP ICMP HTTP 6LoWPAN Proprietary PHY Proprietary MAC Transfer Layer Device & Command Classes Routing Layer Z-Wave IEEE802.15.4 PHY IEEE802.15.4 MAC NWK Layer Application Profile(s) Application Support SL ZigBee
- 10. Ashu Joshi Thanks! 10 Product names, logos, brands and other trademarks referred to within this presentation are the property of their respective trademark holders