2. MVC
Model-view-controller – схема использования
нескольких шаблонов проектирования, с
помощью которых модель данных приложения,
пользовательский интерфейс и
взаимодействие с пользователем разделены
на три отдельных компонента так, что
модификация одного из компонентов
оказывает минимальное воздействие на
остальные.
3. Примеры
• Без MVC — в чистом виде PHP, ASP
• Реализации с неполным MVC — CPB
• C MVC — фреймворки CodeIgniter, Yii,
ASP.NET MVC Framework, Django, Pyramid,
Ruby on Rails
10. Подключаем приложение
vim myblog/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
'django.contrib.admin',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
'blog',
)
python manage.py syncdb
11. Модель
vim blog/models.py
from django.db import models
import datetime
class Category(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
description = models.TextField(blank=True)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.title
@models.permalink
def get_absolute_url(self):
return ('category_detail', (self.pk,))
12. Панель администрирования
vim myblog/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns('‘,
# url(r'^', include('blog.urls')),
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)
13. class Post(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
content = models.TextField()
category = models.ForeignKey(Category)
creation_date = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
def previous_post(self):
"""Return the previous entry"""
entries = Post.objects.filter(
creation_date__lt=self.creation_date)[:1]
if entries:
return entries[0]
def next_post(self):
"""Return the next entry"""
entries =
Post.objects.filter( creation_date__gt=self.creation_date).order_
by('creation_date')[:1]
if entries:
return entries[0]
def __unicode__(self):
return self.title
@models.permalink
def get_absolute_url(self):
return ('post_detail', (self.pk,))
class Meta:
ordering = ['-creation_date']
20. Контроллеры
vim blog/views.py
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.views.generic.simple import direct_to_template
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView
from django.views.generic.list import ListView
from blog.models import Category, Post
def category(request, pk):
cat = get_object_or_404(Category, pk=pk)
post_list = Post.objects.filter(category=cat)
return direct_to_template(request, 'blog/category.html', {
'category': cat,
'post_list' : post_list
})
class PostList(ListView):
model = Post
class PostDetail(DetailView):
model = Post
21. Роутинг
vim blog/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from blog.views import PostList, PostDetail
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^$', PostList.as_view()),
url(r'^post/(?P<pk>d+)/$',
PostDetail.as_view(), name='post_detail'),
url(r'^category/(?P<pk>d+)/$',
'blog.views.category', name='category_detail'),
)
22. Шаблоны
vim myblog/settings.py
import os
def rel(*x):
return
os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)),
* x)
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
rel('../templates'),
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates"
or "C:/www/django/templates".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative
paths.
)
30. Работа с формами
vim blog/forms.py
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django import forms
class ContactForm(forms.Form):
email = forms.EmailField(label=u'Ваш e-mail', max_length=100)
message = forms.CharField(label=u'Сообщение',
widget=forms.Textarea)
31. Работа с формами
vim blog/views.py
from blog.forms import ContactForm
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
def contact(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ContactForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
subject = u'Сообщение с блога'
message = form.cleaned_data['message']
sender = form.cleaned_data['email']
recipients = ['a.bekbulatov@corp.mail.ru']
send_mail(subject, message, sender, recipients)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/')
else:
form = ContactForm()
return direct_to_template(request, 'blog/contact.html', {
'form': form
})
32. Работа с формами
vim blog/urls.py
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^$', PostList.as_view()),
url(r'^post/(?P<pk>d+)/$', PostDetail.as_view(),
name='post_detail'),
url(r'^category/(?P<pk>d+)/$', 'blog.views.category',
name='category_detail'),
(r'^contacts/$', 'blog.views.contact'),
)
33. Работа с формами
vim templates/blog/contact.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="Отправить" />
</form>
{% endblock %}
