3. Overview
o Introduction
o What is two dimensional material?
o Two dimensional zoo
o Graphene
o Nobel award over flake of carbon
o Applications
o Conclusion
4. Introduction
o Two-dimensional materials are substances with a thickness of a few
nanometres or less. Electrons in these materials are free to move in the two-
dimensional plane, but their restricted motion in the third direction is
governed by quantum mechanics. Prominent examples include quantum
wells and graphene.
o 2-Dimensional materials are a class of nanomaterials defined by their
property of being merely one or two atoms thick.
o 2D Materials is dedicated to publishing fundamental and applied research of
the highest quality and impact, covering all aspects of graphene and related
two-dimensional materials.
5. What is two dimensional material?
o 2D Materials, sometimes referred to as single layer materials,
are crystalline materials consisting of a single layer of atoms.
o 2D materials can generally be categorized as either 2D allotropes of various
elements or compounds (consisting of two or more covalently
bonding elements).[1]
o The elemental 2D materials generally carry the -ene suffix in their names
while the compounds have -ane or -ide suffixes.
Reference - 1. "Group IV graphene- and graphane-like nanosheets“ by Garcia, J. C.; de Lima, D. B.; Assali, L. V. C.; Justo,
J. F. (2011).
7. Graphene
o Graphene can be described as a one atom
thick layer of graphite.
o It is the strongest material ever tested,[2]
efficiently conducts heat and electricity, and is
nearly transparent.
o Graphene shows a large and nonlinear
diamagnetism, greater than that of graphite,
and can be levitated by neodymium magnets.
Reference – 2. ”Definition of graphene noun from the Oxford Advanced
Learner's Dictionary“
9. Applications
o The study of 2-D materials is one of the newest and most exciting areas of
Materials Science and Engineering.
o 2-D materials have the potential to revolutionize many electronics
applications such as solar cells, transistors, camera sensors, digital screens,
and semiconductors.
10. Applications
o Transistors – Researchers demonstrated and built an experimental
graphene chip of single graphene transistor known as frequency multiplier.
o Integrated circuits – Graphene has the ideal properties to become an
excellent component of integrated circuits.
o Solar cells – Graphene turned to be a promising material for
photoelectrochemical energy conversion in dye sensitized solar cells.
o Optics – Graphene’s high electrical conductivity and high optical
transparency make it a candidate for transparent conducting electrodes.
o Biomedical – Graphene could soon be used to analyze DNA at record-
breaking pace.
11. Other applications
o IR detectors
o Composite materials
o Single-molecule gas detection
o Piezoelectric materials
o Energy harvesting
o Graphene nanoribbons
o Optical modulators
o Chemical sensors
12. Conclusion
o From the above discussion, it is concluded that the discovery of graphene
and other two-dimensional (2D) materials together with recent advances in
exfoliation techniques have set the foundations for the manufacturing of
single layered sheets from any layered 3D material.
o They have the potential to play a fundamental role in the future of
nanoelectronics, optoelectronics and the assembly of novel ultrathin and
flexible devices.
o Graphene is at this time the material most commonly associated with 2-D
materials.
