The word "satellite" refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around Earth or another body in space. The moon is the of natural satellites of earth. Thousands of artificial, or man-made, satellites moves around the Earth.

1. Hello Everyone!

2.  Jannatun Nayeem : 2015-2-50-013
 Taslima Yasmin : 2015-2-50-022
 Samiha Tahsin : 2015-2-50-008

3. Mobile Satellite Communication

4. Satellite
 The word "satellite" refers to a machine that is launched into
space and moves around Earth or another body in space.
 The moon is the of natural satellites of earth. Thousands of
artificial, or man-made, satellites moves around the Earth.

5. Mobile Satellite Communication
 A Satellite communication is a technology that is
used to transfer the signals from the transmitter
to a receiver with the help of satellites.
 Mobile Satellite Communication is the
communication system of Mobile satellite
service (MSS).

6. Mobile Satellite Communication

7. Classification of Mobile Satellite Communication
MediumEarth
Orbit(MEO)
Geostationary
EarthOrbit
(GEO)
HighlyElliptical
Orbit(HEO)
LowEarth
Orbit(LEO)

8. Classification of Mobile Satellite Communication
A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is
an elliptic orbit with a low-
altitude (often under 1,000
kilometers and a high-altitude
often over 35,786 kilometers).

9. Geo-Stationary Earth Orbit
 Covers almost all parts of the earth with just 3 geo satellites
 Antennas need not be adjusted but can be fixed permanently
 Limit the transmission quality
 High transmission power
 Can not be used for small mobile phones

10. Medium Earth Orbit
 Simple in design
 Requires very few handovers
 Higher transmission power

11. Low Earth Orbit
 Low transmission power(1 watt)
 The delay of packets is relatively low
 Useful for smaller foot prints
 Requires at least 50-200 satellites in this orbit
 Special handover mechanisms
 Data packets should be routed from satellite to satellite

12. Mobile satellite service (MSS)
Land Mobile
Satellite
Service (LMSS)Maritime
mobile
satellite
service
(MMSS)
Broadcast
Mobile Satellite
Service (BMSS)
Aeronautical
Mobile Satellite
Service(AMSS)
Personal
Mobile
Satellite
Service
(PMSS)

13. Maritime mobile satellite service (MMSS)
This service consists of
different types of earth
stations such as mobile earth
station (MES); ship earth
station (SES); and
communication earth
station(CES).This service is
mainly used in shipyards and
military ships

14. Land Mobile Satellite Service (LMSS)
The Land mobile satellite service has a mobile earth station located on different
types of trains and other transportation systems.
This service consists of a personal location terminal that acts as an earth station.
This service can be used in different applications such as military applications
remote and rural environments.

15. Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service(AMSS)
A mobile satellite service in which
earth stations are located
onboard aircraft, survival aircraft,
airplanes and helicopters is
known as aeronautical mobile
satellite service (AES).

16. Personal Mobile Satellite Service (PMSS)
This is a communication service provided by the satellite for
supporting mobile, fixed and broadband communication systems.

17. Broadcast Mobile Satellite Service (BMSS)
 Audio broadcasting
 Video broadcasting
 Data broadcasting
A broadcast satellite system service is a one-way radio
communication solution that transmits signals by earth stations, and
retransmits the signals by space stations.

19. Diffraction
 Diffraction occur when a wave
encounters an obstacle or a slit.
 It is defined as the bending of waves
 It includes sound waves, water waves,
and electromagnetic waves .

21.  The change in wave direction while passing from one medium
to another.
 Electromagnetic wave such as light or radio wave travels at
approximately 3x108 m/s.
 In other medium like air, water, glass and other transparent
media, it travel at lesser speed than 3x108 m/s.

22. Shadowin Shadowing
 Shadowing is an extreme form of attenuation of radio
signals due to large obstacles.
 The higher frequency of a signal, more behaves like
light.
 Small obstacles like wall, a truck on the street or trees in
an alley may block the signal.

23. Transmission Impairment
 Signals imperfection while transmission causes
impairmrnt.
 The signal at the begging and at the end of
media are not same during impairment.

24. Attenuation and attenuation distortion
 Attenuation is an increasing function of frequency.
 To avoid error at the receiver the signal maintain a level
higher than the noise.
 At higher frequencies attenuation is greater and it causes
distortion.
 Loss of signal strength with time.
 In media, this is loss of signal strength with distance.

25. Noise
A major limiting
factor in
communications
system
performance
Any unwanted
signal that are
inserted
somewhere
between the
transmission.
Excessive,diplea
sing
human,animal
or machine-
created
environmental
noise.

26. Categories of noise
•Thermal noise is due to thermal agitation
of electrons.
• It is present in all electronic devices and
transmission media and is a function of
temperature.
•It is uniformly distributed across the
frequency spectrum hence is often
referred to as white noise.
Thermal
noise
Intermodulation
noise
•an unwanted coupling
between signal paths.
It can occur when
unwanted signals are
picked up by
microwave antennas.
Crosstalk

27. What is Fading??
 In wireless communication,
fading is variation of the
attenuation of a signal with
various variables.
 These variables include time,
geographical position, and radio
frequency. Fading is often
modeled as a random process.

28. Extended exposure to sunlight can have detrimental effects
on carpets, upholstery and personal belongings. Colours can
become faded and dull, furniture and wood finishes can
become damaged, and often the damage is irreparable.
There are numerous causes of fading;
 Ultraviolet Radiation (40%)
 Visible Light (25%)
 Heat (25%)
 Other (10%)
 Chemical Vapors
 Age of the Fabric
 Dye Fastness
 Wear and tear physically removing colouring agents from
the materials surface.

29. Types of Fading
 The term fading refers to the time variation of a received signal power caused by
changes in the transmission medium or paths. In a fixed setup,
 fading is affected by changes in atmospheric conditions such as rainfall. Fading can
be classified based on
i) Multipath time delay spread
ii) Doppler spread