This document discusses the causes and effects of oil spills on the environment. It begins by defining an oil spill as the release of liquid petroleum into the environment, particularly marine ecosystems, due to human activity. Common causes of oil spills include equipment failures, natural disasters, deliberate acts, and illegal dumping. The effects of oil spills include damage to local industries like tourism and fishing, negative human health impacts, and harm to marine life and ecosystems. Cleanup methods discussed include bioremediation, mechanical removal, burning, skimming, and using sorbents to contain spills. The document concludes by emphasizing the role of human error in many oil spills and highlighting prevention and containment techniques.

1. Oil Spill and its effect on
environment
Presented by Taskeen Rubab
28145
Introduction to environment
Dr Hina Chaudhary

2. definition
• An oil spill is the release into the
environment of a liquid
petroleum hydrocarbon
• in particular the marine
ecosystem
• due to human activity
• Is form of pollution
• Where oil is released into the
ocean or coastal waters
• But spill may also occur on land

3. Causes of oil spill
• Human activities
• Equipment breakages
• Natural disasters as hurricanes
• Deliberate acts by terrorist
• Countries at war
• Vandals
• Illegal dumpers

4. Effects on
environment
• Local industries
• Human health
• Marine ecosystem including
animal and plant life
• Vegetation and Mangroves
• Effect on marine life
• Damage Beaches,
Marshlands and Fragile
marine ecosystem

5. Local industries
Tourist
• Swimming
• Fishing
• Sailing
Industries
• That relay on fresh sea
water
Devices
• Cannot be used for fear of
damaging in area having oil
spill

6. Human health
• Inhaltion
• Touching
• Consuming
Causes
o Neurological effects
o Ocular problems
o Respiratory problems
• Nausea
• Throat, nose and eye infections
• Migraines and headaches

7. Marine ecosystem including animal and
plant life
• Spread of oil slick
• Movement of waves
• weather
• Area effected
oEstauries
oforeshore
• Proximity to bird breeding colony

8. Vegetation and Mangroves
• Root areas
• Living coral
• Leaves of plants
• Salt tolerance
• Sedimentation
• Lenticels of aerial roots
• Loss of habitat

9. Effect on marine life
• Physical effect
• Toxic effect
oWater animals
• Fish
• Mollusks
• Sea mammals
oAquatic plants
• Kelp
• Red algae
• corals

10. Damage Beaches, Marshlands
and Fragile marine ecosystem
• Absorption of oil
• Effect on fragile underwater ecosystems
• Killing of marine organism
• Disturbance in global food chains

11. Cleaning and Recovery
• On the shore • In the water

12. On the shore
• Bioremediation
• Manual treatment
• Mechanical treatment

13. In the water
• Boom
• Burning
• Spreading of chemicals
• Skimming
• Sorbents
oNatural organic sorbents
oNatural inorganic sorbents
oSynthesis sorbents
• Shovels

14. Oil spill facts
• Take months or years to cleanup
• 14,000 spills occur each year
• Consume 400 million gallons of oil everyday
• Deepwater horizon killed 33% of fish in marine

15. List of four major oil spills in history
• The torrey canyon oil spill- march 18, 1967. [25-36 million gallons]
• The sea star oil spill- december 19, 1972. [35.3 million gallons]
• The odyssey oil spill- november 10,1988. [40.7 million gallons]
• M/T haven tanker oil spill- april 11,1991. [45 million gallons]

16. The exxon valdez oil spill
• Location: Prince William Sound, Alaska
• Operator: Exxon Shipping Company
• Date: March 24, 1989; 31 years ago
• Shoreline impacted: 1,300 mi (2,100 km)

17. Problems faced
• Leakage of massive crude oil in PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
• Polluted the environment around Alaska
• Negative impact on sea life
• People had a fear to travel to Alaska

18. cleaning
• Scientists and biologists started working to get new methods for
cleaning
• People started helping the animals affected in sound

19. Conclusion
• Most oil spills and most serious accidents are caused by human error,
so this can be reduced if one takes extreme precautions and proper
safety assumptions
• Focusing on many techniques such as Blowout preventer and well
castings can contain the oil spill
• Use of naturally available materials such as CORCHORUS DEPRESSUS,
ARACHIS HYPOGAEA, BENTONITE CLAY and ACTIVATED CARBON
containing the spill