1) The presentation discusses the topic of division of labor, which refers to the separation of tasks in the production process and assigning them to specialized workers. 2) Historically, philosophers like Plato and scholars like Ibn Khaldun recognized the economic and political benefits of dividing labor. Adam Smith argued that division of labor increases productivity and is an engine of economic progress. 3) There are different types of division of labor including simple, complex, occupational, and regional/international. It allows for specialization but can also make work repetitive and increase dependence.

1. Welcome
to my
Presentation
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2. Presented By
Student Name: MD. Tariqul Islam
Student ID: 141637
2nd Year, 1st Term
Sociology Discipline.
Khulna University.
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3. Presentation Topic:
Division of Labor
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4. Introduction
Division of labor first originated from the division of
workers in different occupations. Division of
labor means the diversity of rules within the
same enterprise, applicable to all the factors of
production. It is a production process in which a
worker or group of workers is assigned a
specialized task in order to increase efficiency.
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5. Definition
Many scholars and sociologist define the division of labor in
different point of view. Some of are given below:
 According to Collins Dictionary of Sociology(2000)
“The process whereby productive tasks become
separated and more specialized”
 According to Oxford Dictionary of Sociology “A way
of ​organizing ​work, ​especially making things, so
that ​particular ​types of ​work are done
by ​particular ​people.”
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6. Historical Background
 In Plato's Republic, the origin of the state lies in the natural
inequality of humanity, which is embodied in the division of
labor. (The Republic, p. 103) "While Plato recognizes both
the economic development and political benefits of the
division of labor.
 The 14th-century scholar Ibn Khaldun emphasized the
importance of the division of labor in the production
process. In his Muqaddimah, he states: The power of the
individual human being is not sufficient for him with as
much as he requires to lives.
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7. Historical Background
 Adam Smith, in his first book Wealth of Nations (1776)
he want to Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of wealth
of nations and he seems that the essence of
industrialism by determining that division of labor
represents a qualitative increase in productivity. He
argued that division of labor is a dynamic engine of
economic progress.
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8. Theories of Division of Labor
1. Structural-Functionalism Theory:
Emile Durkheim In his book, The Division of Labor in
Society (1893), observes that the division of labor appears
in all societies and positively correlates with societal
advancement because it increases as a society
progresses.
2. Conflict Theory:
Marx's theoretical contribution is his sharp distinction
between the economic and the social division of labor. He
described it negatively and said about alienation, when the
same work becomes repetitive then the process of
production creates less-skilled workers. And he argued that
class differentiation and status variation originated by
division of labor.
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9. Types of Division of Labor
Basically it is four types.
1. Simple Division of Labor
2. Complex Division of Labor
3. Occupational Division of Labor
4. Regional and International Division of Labor
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10. Advantages of Division of Labor
 Practice Makes Perfect
 Increase in Efficiency of Labor
 Increase in Skill
 Increase in Production
 Increase in Employment Opportunities
 Best Selection of the Workers
 Reduction in the Cost of Production
 Economy of Time
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11. Disadvantages of Division of Labor
 Work Becomes Dull & Monotonous
 Increased Dependence
 Greater Risk of Unemployment
 Decline in the Quality of Craftsmanship
 Loss of Responsibility
 Exploitation of Labor
 Discrimination
 Industrial Disputes
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12. Conclusion
Division of labor is a kind of Specialization. As our
resources are scare, to satisfy the largest possible
number of wants, we have to organize them by
division of labor. Division of labor is an important
feature of modern industrial organization. Division
of labor occupies so important place in the modern
production process and adds so greatly to the total
output and wealth of a country.
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13. Reference(s)
1) D. Jary & J. Jary. 2000. Collins dictionary of Sociology. 3rd Edition.
Harpercollins Publishers. Glasgow, UK.
2) Encyclopedia 2015. Patron-client Relationship. Encyclopedia, the Free
Encyclopedia, Accessed on October 15, 2015. Retrieved from [http://
www.encyclopedia.com/doc/divisionoflabor.html]
3) Wikipedia. 2015. Division of Labor. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia,
Accessed on October 15, 2015. Retrieved from
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_Labor]
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14. Thank You All
Do you have any questions?
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