Types of drug orders, abbreviations used in administration of medications, various injection sites

1. Medication administration
Ms Tarika Sharma
Nursing Tutor, MMCON
MMU, Ambala (HR)

2. Medication orders
A physician usually determines the client’s
medication needs and orders medications,
although in some settings nurse
practitioners now order some drugs.

3. Types of medication orders
1. A stat order: indicates that medication is
to be given immediately and only once (eg.
Inj. Tramadol IV stat)
2.Single order or one time order:
medication to be given once at a specified
time (eg. Seconal 100 mg hs before surgery)

4. Types of medication orders
3. Standing order: it may or may not have a
termination date (eg. Cap becosule daily, inj.
Monocef bd X 7days).
4. prn order or as needed order: when a
client requires the medication (eg. Inj Emset
prn)

5. Parts of a drug order
Full name of the client
Date and time the order is written
Name of the drug to be administered
Dosage of the drug
Frequency of administration
Route of administration
Signature of the person writing the order

6. 3 cs (checks) for safe medication administration
1. First check: when taking the medication
from the medication cupboard.
2. Second check: while preparing the
medication
3. Third check: recheck the medication before
returning to its storage place.
Or
Before opening the medication package at
the bedside.

7. Abbreviations usedin medication
administration

8. abbreviations
PO: Per oral/orally
Inj: Injection
IM: Intramuscular
IV: Intravenous
SC: Sub cutaneous
ID: Intra Dermal
IT: Intra thecal

9. abbreviations
od: once a day (omni die)
bd: twice a day (Bis in die)
tds: thrice or three times a day (ter in die)
qid: four times a day( quarter in die)
q:every (Quaque)
q4: every 4 hourly
q6: every 6 hourly
q8: every 8 hourly
q12: every 12 hourly
hs: at bed time (hora somni)
sos: as and when required
Stat: at once (statim)

10. abbreviations
a.c. : Ante cibum: before meals
p.c.: post cibum:after meals
o.m. : omni mane: each morning
o.n. : omni note: each night
H.n. : hac nocte: tonight
c.m. : cras mane tomorrow morning
P.r.n.: pro re nata when required
S.o.s : si opus sit: if necessary in emergency

11. Vial & ampule
A vial is a glass bottle with a self-sealing
stopper through which the medication is
removed.
An ampule is a glass container usually
designed to hold a single dose of a drug.

12. PARTS OF SYRINGES

13. PARTS OF NEEDLE

14. TYPES OF SYRINGE
PREFILLED UNIT- DOSE
SYSTEMS.
INSULIN SYRINGETUBERCULIN SYRINGE

15. Sites for injection administration

16. Intramuscular Injections

17. Site for IM injection:
Deltoid muscles:
Ventro gluteal muscle:
Dorsogluteal muscle:
Vastus latralis muscle:
Rectus femoris muscle:

18. DELTOID MUSCLE

19. VENTROGLUTEAL INJECTION SITE

20. DORSOGLUTEAL SITE

21. VASTUS LATERALIS

22. Intradermal Injections
1. Inner lower arm,
2. Upper chest, and
3. Back beneath the scapula

24. Sub cutaneous Injections

25. Common sites for subcutaneous injections are the
outer aspect of the upper arm and the anterior
aspects of the thighs.

26. Other areas that can be used are the abdomen ,
the scapular areas of the upper back, and the
upper ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal areas.

27. Site of IV injection:
Medial cubital vein
Basilic vein
Antebrachial vein
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Dorsal metacarpel veins
Cephalic veins
Greater sapheneous vein
Lesser sapheneous vein
External jugular Veins

28. ANGLE OF NEEDLE INSERTION

29. Angle of needle insertionfor administering a intra muscular injection

30. Subcutaneous shots can be given straight in at a
90 degree angle, or at a 45 degree angle. Give
the shot straight in at a 90 degree angle if 2
inches of skin can be grasped between your
thumb and first (index) finger. If only 1 inch of
skin can be grasped, give the shot at a 45 degree
angle.

31. Angle of needle insertionfor administering a subcutaneous injection

32. Angleof needleinsertion for administering a intra-dermal
injection
10 to 15 degree

33. Angle of needle insertionfor administering a intra-venous injection
20 to 25 degree

34. Process of administering medications
1 • Identify the client
2 • Inform the client
3 • Administer the drug
4
• Provide adjunctive interventions as
indicated
5 • Record the drug administered.
6
• Evaluate the client’s response to the
drug.

35. Thanks…
.