General presentation of Hydro energy.

1. Hydropower
Students:
Mutaz Al-Deiry
Hussam Al-Omri
Tareq Al-Anbar
Mohammed Al-Sbahen
Instructor:
Prof. Ghassan M. Tashtoush

2. 1. Hydropower
a. Definition
b. History
2. Using of hydropower
3. Hydroelectricity
4. Classifications of hydropower plant
5. Hydroelectric facilities
6. Advantages & Disadvantages
Outline

3. Energy sources parentages using in 2019
Hydropower

4. • It is power derived from the energy of
falling or fast-running water.
• The earliest evidence of water wheels
and watermills date back to the ancient
Near East in the 4th century BC.
• Technological advances had moved the
open water wheel into an enclosed
turbine or water motor. In 1848 James
B. Francis.
• In the late 19th century, hydropower
became a source for generating
electricity.
Hydropower

5. • In order to create electricity from hydropower, two parameters are critical:
• How to install hydropower plants? Choosing the right location and planning
requires some specific knowledge. With knowledge of water flow and height
difference the potential power can be estimated.
Hydropower
•Or the minimum amount of water that is
constantly available throughout the
entire year.
Flow
•The difference in height.Head

6. • A hydropower resource can be evaluated by its available power.
• The power available from falling water can be calculated from:
• Comparing the total electrical energy produced with the theoretical potential energy
of the water passing through the turbine to calculate efficiency.
• Some hydropower systems can draw power from the flow of a body of water without
necessarily changing its height.
The amount of power

8.  Mechanical power
a) Watermills
b) Compressed air hydro
Using of hydropower
 Hydroelectricity

9. • Hydroelectricity is the application of
hydropower to generate electricity.
• In 2015, hydropower generated 16.6%
of the world's total electricity and 70%
of all renewable electricity.
• The cost of hydroelectricity is relatively
low, making it a competitive source of
renewable electricity.
Hydroelectricity

10. • Hydroelectricity is the application of
hydropower to generate electricity.
• Hydroelectric power plants can include:
a) A reservoir to exploit the energy of
falling water.
b) It can use the kinetic energy of
water as in run of the river.
c) It can use to store energy in the
form of potential energy.
d) Tidal stream generators.
Hydroelectricity

11. Generating methodsGenerating methods
Tide
Run of the
river
Pumped
storage
Conventional
(dams)

12. • Store water behind a dam for times when
river flow is low.
• More stable and less variable than for ROR
plants.
• Type and design of reservoirs are decided by
the landscape and in many parts of the world
are inundated river valleys where the
reservoir is an artificial lake.
• Reservoir hydropower plants can have major
environmental and social impacts due to the
flooding of land for the reservoir.
Conventional

13. • Pumped storage plants are not energy sources,
instead they are storage devices.
• Water is pumped from a lower reservoir into an
upper reservoir, usually during off-peak hours,
while flow is reversed to generate electricity
during the other times of need.
• Although the losses of the pumping process
make such a plant a net energy consumer, the
plant provides large-scale energy storage
system benefits.
• Pumped storage is the largest capacity form of
grid energy storage now readily available
worldwide.
Pumped storage

14. • Produce energy from the available flow and
the natural elevation drop of a river.
• The water to powers the turbine is diverted
and channeled into a penstock and then
returned to the river.
• ROR plants usually have no or only small
storage, allowing for some adaptations to the
demand profile.
• Power generation is dictated by local river
flow conditions and depends on precipitation
and runoff and may have substantial daily,
monthly or seasonal variations.
Run of the river

15. • A tidal power station makes use of the daily
rise and fall of ocean water due to tides.
• Can also be dispatchable to generate power
during high demand periods.
• Tidal energy has suffered from relatively high
cost and limited availability of sites.
• Tidal power is viable in a relatively small
number of locations around the world. In
Great Britain.
Tide

16. Classifications of hydropower plants
Hydropower plant
Capacity Head Purpose Facility type
Transmission
system
Large
Small
Micro
Pico
Underground
Low
Medium
High
Single
Multi
Run of River
Reservoir
In stream
Pumped
strong
Insulated
Connected to
grid

17. Hydroelectric facilities
Large
Over a few
100 MW.
Small
Generating
capacity of up
to 10 MW.
Micro
Produce up to
100 kW.
Pico
Generation of
under 5 kW.
Underground
Using a large
natural height
difference
between two
waterways.
Classifications based on capacity

18. Hydroelectric facilities
Low
Medium
High
- Application of 30 meters or less (river, tidal).
- Minimal impact on the environment.
- Application of 30 to 300 meters.
- Application of >300 meters.
- Minimal impact on the environment.
Classifications based on head

19. Hydroelectric facilities
When using for other
purpose (irrigation, fisheries)
If the whole purpose is to
produce electricity
Classifications based on purpose
MultiSingle

20. Hydroelectric facilities
Classifications based on Transmission system
The transmission of
the power takes
through the grid.
Located in remote
area to supply local
demand.
Insulated Connected

21. Advantages & DisadvantagesCountry
Annual hydroelectric
production (TWh)
Installed
capacity (GW)
China 1064 311
Canada 383 76
Brazil 373 89
United States 282 102
Russia 177 51
India 132 40
Norway 129 31
Venezuela 87 15
Japan 87 50
France 69 25
Ten of the largest hydroelectric producers as at 2014.

22. Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages
Flexibility
Low cost/high value
power
Suitability for industrial
applications
Reduced CO2 emissions
Other uses of the
reservoir
Disadvantages
Ecosystem damage
and loss of land
Water loss by
evaporation
Siltation and flow
shortage
Methane emissions
Relocation
Failure risks

23. Thank you