1. Rural development concept presentation
AGSC 255
Hani Mdeihli
Tarek Amro
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2. Outline
Introduction
Human Rights to Water
World Water Statistics
Rural and Urban Water Access
Water Sources
MENA Region Facts
Water Condition in Lebanon
Myths of The Rural Water Supply
Sustainable Management of Water
Conclusion
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3. Introduction
Billions of people are still striving to access the most
basic human needs which are food, shelter, safe
drinking water and sanitary systems.
According to the human rights, adequate water is a
right to everyone.
Generally, governments are responsible to provide
water to meet basic human needs and to improve the
water supply system to meet standards of reliable,
efficient, and equitable management (Gleick, 2005).
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4. Human Rights Water Normative
Criteria
Sufficient
Safe
Acceptable
Accessible
Affordable
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5. World Bank Water Statistics
Every year insecure water and a lack of basic sanitation
kills a minimum of 1.6 million children under the age
of 5
Up until 1990 1.1 billion people in the world did not
have access to an improved source of drinking water
84%(924000000) of the population who did not have
access to an improved source of drinking water live in
rural areas
5 times more rural than city dwellers lack safe water
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6. Rural and Urban Population without access to
improved drinking water source in the developing
regions
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7. Projected Rural access to an
improved source of drinking water
Since 1990 , there has been an
increase of 24% in the
number of rural people with
access to an improved source
of drinking water, and the
backlog of rural unserved is
decreasing over time. Despite
this huge effort, the
proportion of the rural
population unserved is still
exceedingly high (27%)
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8. Water Sources
Surface water
Groundwater
Rainwater
Desalinized water
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9. MENA Region Facts
5% of the world population are Arabs, but they have less
than 1% of global water resources.
15 of the 20 countries with lowest internal renewable fresh
water supply are Arab countries
83% of the total water available is used by the agricultural
sector
30 km³ of desalinated seawater is produced every year due
to water scarcity
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10. Water Per Capita Consumption
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11. Water Use By Sectors
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12. In Lebanon
Similar to the MENA region, Lebanon suffers water shortage and
deterioration of water quality due to pollution (Saghir et al,
2000).
Lebanon is expected to experience water deficit within 10-15
years.
60-70 % of water resources are contaminated (METAP, 2007) and
it is expected that contamination of water resources is higher in
the rural areas.
Only 10 % of the population is living in the rural areas
Those areas do not attract high investment
Higher percentage of water contamination expected
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13. Poor Water Quality
Lebanon’s water resources are overexploited due to
excessive pumping
Inadequate provision of sanitation services has led to
polluted streams, rivers and aquifers. Up to 70% of all
natural sources are affected by bacterial
contamination.
Lebanon’s potable water was ranked below World
Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking
water.
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14. Network Water Availability
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15. Reasons of Limited Water
Connectivity
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16. Myths of the Rural Water Supply
Sector
Building water supply systems is
more important than keeping
them working.
Communities can always
manage their facilities on their
own.
Any action which tries to
improve rural water supplies is
admirable.
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17. Sustainable Management of Water
Assessment and development of water sources to
increase amount of water supplied and water quality.
Adequate allocation of these sources for domestic,
industrial, and agricultural uses.
Controlling water pollution.
Maintenance and sustaining of water supply systems.
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18. 18

19. Conclusion
Water is life!
Everyone has a right to it, even rural dwellers.
Obligation to sustain adequate water for future
generations.
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20. Thank You.
Questions?
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21. References
http://www.opportunities.com.lb/lebanon/bhb/docs/WB%20-
%20Social%20Impact%20Analysis%20-%20Electricity%20and%20Water%20sectors.pdf
http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/jmpfinal.pdf
http://www.cdr.gov.lb/eng/progress_reports/pr072005/Ewater.pdf
http://www.opportunities.com.lb/lebanon/bhb/docs/WB%20-
%20Social%20Impact%20Analysis%20-%20Electricity%20and%20Water%20sectors.pdf
http://www.cnrs.edu.lb/info/LSJ2010/No2/geara.pdf
https://scholarworks.aub.edu.lb/bitstream/handle/10938/752/404479.pdf?sequence=1
http://water.worldbank.org/topics/water-supply/rural-water
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml
http://www.rwsn.ch/documentation/skatdocumentation.2009-07-27.8158674790
http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files/publication/WASH-and-Equity-final.pdf
http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files/publication/Webinar-5-June-2012-SR-water-
and-sanitation.pdf
http://lauramcgonigle.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Water-supply.jpg
http://www.design21sdn.com/attachments/0025/3342/water_282__282_.jpg?1214211690
http://www.un-ngls.org/IMG/arton2294.jpg
http://www.cleanwaterstore.com/images/technical/pic_water-sources.jpg
http://www.renewbl.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/mena-region-countries.jpg
http://www.indyweek.com/binary/426b/unknown.jpg
http://www.stpaul.gov/images/pages/N474/Water%20Supply%20System.jpg
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