aero dynamic design of aeroplane

1. Aerodynamic Design of Aeroplane
What is an aero plane?
It is a vehicle which runs at very high speed in air and during flight its weight becomes less than air.
Some History:
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Design features of an Aero Plane:
Lift: Lift is an artificial force manipulated by pilot; it is generated through the wings, acts
perpendicular to the relative wind and wingspan. The theoretical concept that summarizes the
direction and force of lift is the centre of pressure. Lift opposes weight—during level cruise, lift
equals weight; during climb, lift is greater than weight; and during descent, weight is greater
that lift.
Drag:
Thrust:
Angle of Elevation:
Chord:
Ground Effect:
Boundary layer:

2. Stall:
Factors that affect the stall:
Main Parts and Aero Plane:
Main parts of an aero plane are mentioned in
1) Fuselage…Main body of the airplane which holds all the other parts of it properly such
as wings, tail, engine and crew or traveler sitting area. For travelling purpose, the body is
kept so long and wide to fulfill the requirements. When a fighter jet is designed, only
engine is needed to to put in the body with only two seats for fighter pilots. Center of
gavity of plane is in the center of the body and the weight acts downward by this.

3. 2) Wings: They are used to generate lift.
3) Slats: Slats play very important role in lifting the air plane during flight. Slats are actually the
narrow edgesof wingsfromwhich the havingveryhighvelocity air pass through. From top, Slat
is made convex curved and its bottom is flat mostly. Its reason is to give maximum lift by air
pressure from bottom of wing. From upper curved surface, air slightly flows without friction.
Slats can be separated and attached in front of the wings.

4. 4) Spoiler: Spoilers are rectangular plates hinged in center of the wings to reduce the lift of
aeroplane.
Spoiler
5) Aileron: Ailerons are the back ends of wings from outside of the air flaps. These are used to
move in sidewise direction.
6) Flaps: Flaps are also rectangular parts which are hinged with wings and used for take off and
landing. They increase or decrease the lift.

5. Flap
7) Horizontal Stabilizer: The horizontal stabilizer is a rear wing attached on an aircraft. It is
used to balance the aircraft when in motion.
(8) Vertical Stabilizer: The fixed vertical surface of an aircraft at its tail, to which the
rudder is hinged.
(9) Rudder: It is used for left and right movement of airplane.
(10) Elevator: These are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft to move
the plane upward and downward.
(11) Turbine Engine: In an aircraft gas engine is operated with high velocity air. It is
assembled at the bottom of the wings. Usually two gas engines with two wings are used.
(12) Cockpit: It is the font of fuselage. It is made smooth and taper to minimize frictional
effect.