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1. Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

6. Archaebacteria

9. Extreme halophiles can live in extremely salty environments. Most are photosynthetic autotrophs. The photosynthesizers in this category are purple because instead of using chlorophyll to photosynthesize, they use a similar pigment called bacteriorhodopsin that uses all light except for purple light, making the cells appear purple.

12. Eubacteria

14. Cyanobacteria were the first organisms on Earth to do modern photosynthesis and they made the first oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere .

22. Shapes of Bacteria

26. Penicillin, an antibiotic, comes from molds of the genus Penicillium Notice the area of inhibition around the Penicillium .

29. In Gram-positive bacteria, the purple crystal violet stain is trapped by the layer of peptidoglycan which forms the outer layer of the cell. In Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane of lipopolysaccharides prevents the stain from reaching the peptidoglycan layer . The outer membrane is then permeabilized by acetone treatment, and the pink safranin counterstain is trapped by the peptidoglycan layer.

33. Is this gram stain positive or negative? Identify the bacteria.

34. Is this gram stain positive or negative? Identify the bacteria.