2. SHELL FISHERIES
1. Crustacean Fisheries
2. Source of Foreign Exchange
3. Prawn (Fresh Water Forms)
4. Shrimps (Marine Species)
5. 150 species of freshwater prawns
6. Most of them belongs to Genus
Macrobrachium
7. Most Common Giant Freshwater
Prawn , Macrobrachium rosenbergii
3. Giant Freshwater Prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Found in rivers where there is tidal influence
Brackish water
Size (15cm female-25 cm male)
Feed (Omnivorous) Insect larvae,small
worms, Molluscs, crustaceans,detritus
Life Cycle(Four Phases)egg, larvae,post
larvae and adults
Breeding (Natural in rainy season)In
captivity through out the year
Fecundity (80,000-100,000 eggs ,Bright
orange in colour)
Larvae require brackish water
4. Prawn Farming
1. Collection of seed from wild or collection
of ripe females
2. Larvel Tanks Rectangular concrete 5x2x1
with brackish water (initially 5ppt salinity
increased to 12ppt after hatching)
Larvae hatch 3–4 days
3. Change of water after 10 days, Feeding
with Artemia, Hen Egg and fish flash 28-
30 days to complete metamorphosis
5. Nursery Ponds (2 kanal) Stocking @ 5000/m
sq when size becomes 2-4 cm shift to Grow-out
ponds
Grow-out Ponds (4-20 kanals), Depth
(1m)Stocking 20,000/Acer, Salinity not more
then 4ppt
Pond preparation same as fish pond,liming, cow
dung, fertilizers
Culture Period (4-5 months) Marketable Size
(30-40 gm) Production 200-1200kg/ac/year
Artificial Feeding 75% Animal and 25% Palnt
origin @ 5% of body wt. Poultry Feed may be
used.
9. Pacific white shrimp biology
Food habits – benthic organizms, detritus
Preferred water temperatures – 25 to 30o C
Preferred salinity – 15 to 25 ppt
Sexual maturity - 1 year
10. Life Cycle
Adults spawn at
sea, the eggs and
larvae drift to
inshore estuaries
where the
juveniles grow.
Adults move back
to sea to spawn.
11. Marine shrimp have
been harvested from
coastal waters,
processed and
shipped as frozen
product for many
years. Shrimp
farmers took
advantage of the
infrastructure to
market cultured
shrimp.
16. Ponds should be
built on salt
flats, which are
covered during
high tide twice a
month.
Mangrove forest
should be
preserved.
Mangroves are
flooded daily by the
high tides
17. Ponds are 5 to 10 ha in area, water depth
averages 1 m and bottoms are flat and slope
to a drain to aid shrimp harvest.
20. Shrimp can be cultured:
1.Extensively
2.Semi-intensively
3.Intensively
21. Postlarvae enter
the pond with the
tide or are stocked
at < 4/m3.
Sometimes the
pond entrance is
screened to limit
entrance of
predators. Water is
not fertilized and
shrimp are not fed.
Extensive
culture
22. Semi-intensive culture
Postlarvae are stocked into ponds at 15
to 25/m3 and are fed daily. Some water
exchange is practiced to maintain water
quality.
23. Shrimp are fed sinking
pellets which are
distributed over the
pond surface. Feeding
trays are sometimes
used to help determine
shrimp appetite.
25. Ponds are fed daily
Shrimp are
sampled weekly
to check growth
rate
Intensive Culture
26. Expansion of
pond area leads to
poor water quality
and high shrimp
mortality
Water intake pipes
and effluent
release in Taiwan
27. Diseases have reduced the shrimp
harvest in many countries.
Black-spot disease
Taura virus
28. Shrimp are benthic animals and live on the
pond bottom. Pond bottoms should be dried
to oxidize organic matter in pond mud before
stocking shrimp. Reducing organic material
improves water quality.
34. World harvest of farmed marine
shrimp in 2000 was 1,087,111 MT
Ecuador
81000 MT
India
73,000 MT
China
114,000 MT
Thailand
204,000 MT
Indonesia
98,000 MT
35. The East produced 90% of the
world farmed marine shrimp
while the West produced 10 %.
36. Harvest of marine shrimp in the U. S.
in 2000 was 4,782 MT, less than 0.2 %
of world harvest.
37. Excellent markets and
ease of culture has made
shrimp one of the fastest
growing aquaculture
industries during the
past 20 years. THE END