The Peninsula and Extra-Peninsula are the physiographic subdivision of India. The comparison is described in the presentation briefly.

1. COMPARISON BETWEEN
PENINSULA AND EXTRA-PENINSULAR
OF INDIAN GEOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION
• The broadest geomorphic divisions of India, viz. the Peninsular India, the Extra- Peninsular
India and the Indo – Gangetic plain also correspond to the three broadest tectonic divisions.

3. COMPARISON BETWEEN PENINSULA AND EXTRA-
PENINSULAR OF INDIAN GEOLOGY
• Physiographically,
• The Peninsula is an ancient plateau which is of relict type, exposed for long ages to denudation
and approaching peneplanation.
• The Extra-Peninsula is a region of folded and overthrust mountain chains, of geologically recent
origin.
• Stratigraphically,
• The Peninsula is mainly composed of Pre-Cambrian rocks and have Proterozoic and Phanerozoic
cover.
• The Extra-peninsula is mainly composed of rocks from Tertiary age.

4. COMPARISON BETWEEN PENINSULA AND EXTRA-
PENINSULAR OF INDIAN GEOLOGY
• Structurally,
• Peninsula represents a stable block of Earth’s crust. Along it’s coasts, there have been marine
transgressions which have laid down sedimentary beds of upper Gondwana, Cretaceous and
Tertiary ages.
• In contrast, the Extra-Peninsula has recently undergone Earth movements of stupendous
magnitude. This movements have not yet completely died down for this reason, the region is still
unstable and is frequently visited by Earthquakes of varying intensities.
• Physiographically,
• The rivers of Peninsular India are comparatively flat country with low gradients and have built up
shallow and broad valleys.
• The rivers of Extra-Peninsular India are youthful and are actively eroding their beds and carving
out deep and steep sided gorges.

5. COMPARISON BETWEEN PENINSULA AND EXTRA-
PENINSULAR OF INDIAN GEOLOGY
• Geomorphologically,
• The Peninsular India comprises largely peneplained and plateau mountains.
• The Extra-Peninsular India comprises young mountains.
• Regions,
• The Peninsular India comprises four regions-
1. Eastern Ghat (NE-SW)
2. Western Ghat (NNW-SSE)
3. Aravali Range (NE-SW)
4. Satpura and Mahadeva Range in central India.
• The Extra-Peninsular India comprises-
1. The Himalayan Mountain Ranges in the North
2. The Arakan Yoma Ranges in the East

6. COMPARISON BETWEEN PENINSULA AND EXTRA-
PENINSULAR OF INDIAN GEOLOGY
• Earth Movements,
• The Peninsular India includes lateral and horizontal movement.
• The Extra-Peninsular India includes vertical movement.
• Geotectonically,
• The Peninsular India got a deep root (Isostasy).
• The Extra-Peninsular India got a shallow root (Isostasy).
• Fossils,
• In Peninsular India, no marine fossils have been found.
• In Extra-Peninsular India, marine fossils have been found.

7. • Associated Arena,
• The Peninsular India includes-
A complex association of Plateau Mountains with-
1. Widely Distributed Drainage
2. Massifs
3. Elongated Graben like Valleys
4. Coastal Plains
5. Peneplained ancient folded mountains.
• The Extra-Peninsular India includes-
1. Tertiary Mountain Belts
2. Frontal foredeep folded belts.
COMPARISON BETWEEN PENINSULA AND EXTRA-
PENINSULAR OF INDIAN GEOLOGY

8. • The Peninsular India comprises Indian shield which is geologically very old and stable part
of crust
Whereas
• The Extra-Peninsular India constitutes a part of the Alpine-Himalayan Tertiary mountain
belt.
COMPARISON BETWEEN PENINSULA AND EXTRA-
PENINSULAR OF INDIAN GEOLOGY

9. PHYSIOGRAPHIC SUBDIVISION OF INDIA

10. REFERENCES
• Fundamentals of Historical Geology and Stratigraphy of India; Rabindra Kumer.
• Geology of India; M s Krishnan.
• Geology of India; D.N.Wadia