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Robert-Allen Baker 
Innovation Policy and Program Analyst 
October 23 , 2014 
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) are sister programs
 From 15 USC 638 (e)(10) – the SBIR/STTR statute 
◦ the term "commercialization" means-- 
(A) the process of developing products, processes, 
technologies, or services; and 
(B) the production and delivery (whether by the originating 
party or by others) of products, processes, technologies, or 
services for sale to or use by the Federal Government or 
commercial markets 
 Federal Agency commercialization metrics: 
◦ Transition results in sale or license of a technology product or 
process 
◦ Commercialization revenues exceed SBIR/STTR investment 
◦ Technology product or process advances mission of the Agency to 
benefit society
Inventor 
Customer
Discovery 
Phase I Phase II Phase III 
Proof-of 
Concept 
SBIR 
Product 
Design 
Product 
Development 
Manufacturing/ 
Delivery 
Idea Pre-seed 
Funding 
Seed 
Funding 
Expansion/Mezzanine 
Operating Cap. 
Friends and Family 
Angels 
Venture Funds 
Start-up 
Funding 
Seed Funds 
Founder 
Institutional Equity 
Loans / Bonds 
Angel Groups
Angels Provide ~90% of Outside Equity for Startups 
Angel Investors (2014) 
• $24.8 billion 
• 70, 730 deals 
• 23,460 seed (2012) 
• 22,129 early stage 
• 21,441 expansion 
• > 268,000 individuals 
Venture Capital (2014) 
• $20.7 billion 
• 2,099 deals 
• 280 seed (2012) 
• 1,647 early stage 
• 1,796 later/expansion 
• 522 active firms 
Sources: Center for Venture Research/ UNH; NVCA 2013 Yearbook; PwC MoneyTree
$1.50 
$1.00 
$0.50 
$0.00 
$980K 
2010 2011 2012 
Median Round Size Mean Round Size 
6 
*Angel rounds include angels & angel groups only 
$900K 
$990K 
$500K 
$625K $600K 
$M
 Congressional passion for small business innovation dates to the 
passage of an SBIR statute in 1983, followed by STTR in 1992. 
 SBIR/STTR reauthorization in 2011 focused on the importance of 
commercializing technology, delivering innovation to customers. 
 At ~$2.3B, SBIR/STTR is the largest Federal program available to 
help small business inventors negotiate the innovation ecosystem 
-- >145,000 awards since 1985, averaging 10 patents/day. 
 For innovation investors, SBIR/STTR ris non-diluted funding used 
to reduce risk, accelerate technology, and preserve your IP rights. 
 The Fall National SBIR/STTR Conference in Austin on Nov. 11 -13 
is the entry way into SBIR/STTR for entrepreneurs.
 PHASE I 
 Feasibility Study 
 ~$150K six-month award (SBIR) 
 ~$150K up to 12-months (STTR) 
• PHASE II 
 Full research to prototype 
 $1M+ via two-year award 
• PHASE III - Goal of Program 
 Commercialization stage 
 Funded with non-SBIR/STTR $ 
 Can be funded by the Agency or 
Private Sector or both 
8
9
NASA Phase II supplements:
12 
% of Phase I 
Awardees 
35% 
30% 
25% 
20% 
15% 
10% 
5% 
0% 
2009 2010 2011 2012 
First time DOE 
winners 
First-time DOE 
applicants
 Free, continuous support by skilled entrepreneurial support 
providers accompanies most SBIR/STTR awards: 
◦ Phase I assistance 
 Commercialization readiness assessment 
 Focused assistance with development of Phase II commercialization plans 
◦ Phase II assistance 
 Flexible offerings to meet a variety of commercialization needs in DoD 
Agencies and Civilian Agencies alike 
 Market research on customers 
 Investor introductions 
 Company-selected commercialization assistance vendor 
◦ Reauthorization permits companies to select their own vendors to 
provide $5K/year commercialization assistance in Phases I and II. 
◦ Company must include this vendor as a subcontractor or consultant in 
their Phase I or II application
What requirements does a RIF project satisfy? 
 Satisfy an operational or national security need: 
◦ Accelerate or enhance military capability 
◦ In support of major defense acquisition program 
 Reduce: 
◦ Technical risk 
◦ Cost: Development, acquisition, sustainment, or lifecycle 
 Completed within 24 months of award 
 Cost is not more than $3 million 
Selection Preference to Small Business Proposals
 As an inventor, your priority must be to identify customers for a 
technology adapted by you to meet their needs and requirements. 
 As an SBIR/STTR awardee, your priorities must be to: 
◦ … help fulfill the mission of your funding Agency. 
◦ … leverage non-SBIR/STTR resources to mature your technology and 
productize it for potential customers you’ve identified. 
 As a small business principal, your priority must be to fairly 
appraise your strengths and weaknesses, and build a team that 
allows you to aggressively market your invention. 
 And yes, we ARE here to help ……
 The “SBIR Gateway” at www.zyn.com provides direct links to 
every Federal Agency SBIR/STTR program, other 
commercialization resources, and SBIR/STTR news. 
 http://www.youtube.com/user/NSFInnovationIIP offers useful 
webinars such as How to Successfully Apply to the NSF 
SBIR/STTR Program. 
 http://www.navysbir.com/how2videos.htm offers “SBIR 
University” tutorials on numerous subjects for beginners and 
experienced entrepreneurs alike – including summaries of all 
Federal Agency SBIR and STTR programs. 
 http://www.sbtc.org is a policy portal on commercialization 
issues, offering illuminating white papers and other 
documents.
Questions?

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Funding American Innovation: SBIR/STTR Explained

  • 1. Robert-Allen Baker Innovation Policy and Program Analyst October 23 , 2014 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) are sister programs
  • 2.  From 15 USC 638 (e)(10) – the SBIR/STTR statute ◦ the term "commercialization" means-- (A) the process of developing products, processes, technologies, or services; and (B) the production and delivery (whether by the originating party or by others) of products, processes, technologies, or services for sale to or use by the Federal Government or commercial markets  Federal Agency commercialization metrics: ◦ Transition results in sale or license of a technology product or process ◦ Commercialization revenues exceed SBIR/STTR investment ◦ Technology product or process advances mission of the Agency to benefit society
  • 4. Discovery Phase I Phase II Phase III Proof-of Concept SBIR Product Design Product Development Manufacturing/ Delivery Idea Pre-seed Funding Seed Funding Expansion/Mezzanine Operating Cap. Friends and Family Angels Venture Funds Start-up Funding Seed Funds Founder Institutional Equity Loans / Bonds Angel Groups
  • 5. Angels Provide ~90% of Outside Equity for Startups Angel Investors (2014) • $24.8 billion • 70, 730 deals • 23,460 seed (2012) • 22,129 early stage • 21,441 expansion • > 268,000 individuals Venture Capital (2014) • $20.7 billion • 2,099 deals • 280 seed (2012) • 1,647 early stage • 1,796 later/expansion • 522 active firms Sources: Center for Venture Research/ UNH; NVCA 2013 Yearbook; PwC MoneyTree
  • 6. $1.50 $1.00 $0.50 $0.00 $980K 2010 2011 2012 Median Round Size Mean Round Size 6 *Angel rounds include angels & angel groups only $900K $990K $500K $625K $600K $M
  • 7.  Congressional passion for small business innovation dates to the passage of an SBIR statute in 1983, followed by STTR in 1992.  SBIR/STTR reauthorization in 2011 focused on the importance of commercializing technology, delivering innovation to customers.  At ~$2.3B, SBIR/STTR is the largest Federal program available to help small business inventors negotiate the innovation ecosystem -- >145,000 awards since 1985, averaging 10 patents/day.  For innovation investors, SBIR/STTR ris non-diluted funding used to reduce risk, accelerate technology, and preserve your IP rights.  The Fall National SBIR/STTR Conference in Austin on Nov. 11 -13 is the entry way into SBIR/STTR for entrepreneurs.
  • 8.  PHASE I  Feasibility Study  ~$150K six-month award (SBIR)  ~$150K up to 12-months (STTR) • PHASE II  Full research to prototype  $1M+ via two-year award • PHASE III - Goal of Program  Commercialization stage  Funded with non-SBIR/STTR $  Can be funded by the Agency or Private Sector or both 8
  • 9. 9
  • 10.
  • 11. NASA Phase II supplements:
  • 12. 12 % of Phase I Awardees 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 First time DOE winners First-time DOE applicants
  • 13.
  • 14.  Free, continuous support by skilled entrepreneurial support providers accompanies most SBIR/STTR awards: ◦ Phase I assistance  Commercialization readiness assessment  Focused assistance with development of Phase II commercialization plans ◦ Phase II assistance  Flexible offerings to meet a variety of commercialization needs in DoD Agencies and Civilian Agencies alike  Market research on customers  Investor introductions  Company-selected commercialization assistance vendor ◦ Reauthorization permits companies to select their own vendors to provide $5K/year commercialization assistance in Phases I and II. ◦ Company must include this vendor as a subcontractor or consultant in their Phase I or II application
  • 15. What requirements does a RIF project satisfy?  Satisfy an operational or national security need: ◦ Accelerate or enhance military capability ◦ In support of major defense acquisition program  Reduce: ◦ Technical risk ◦ Cost: Development, acquisition, sustainment, or lifecycle  Completed within 24 months of award  Cost is not more than $3 million Selection Preference to Small Business Proposals
  • 16.
  • 17.  As an inventor, your priority must be to identify customers for a technology adapted by you to meet their needs and requirements.  As an SBIR/STTR awardee, your priorities must be to: ◦ … help fulfill the mission of your funding Agency. ◦ … leverage non-SBIR/STTR resources to mature your technology and productize it for potential customers you’ve identified.  As a small business principal, your priority must be to fairly appraise your strengths and weaknesses, and build a team that allows you to aggressively market your invention.  And yes, we ARE here to help ……
  • 18.  The “SBIR Gateway” at www.zyn.com provides direct links to every Federal Agency SBIR/STTR program, other commercialization resources, and SBIR/STTR news.  http://www.youtube.com/user/NSFInnovationIIP offers useful webinars such as How to Successfully Apply to the NSF SBIR/STTR Program.  http://www.navysbir.com/how2videos.htm offers “SBIR University” tutorials on numerous subjects for beginners and experienced entrepreneurs alike – including summaries of all Federal Agency SBIR and STTR programs.  http://www.sbtc.org is a policy portal on commercialization issues, offering illuminating white papers and other documents.