Think Grain Think Feed August Issue 2020

RNI No.: HARENG/2014/61357
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
Price: 75/-Postal No. PKL-212/2018-2020
Volume 6 | Issue 10
August-2020

Publisher & Editor
Prachi Arora
prachi.a@benisonmedia.com
Marketing & Advertisement
s.reddy@benisonmedia.com
Head
MB Sharan Reddy
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Managing Editor
Dr. T.K. Walli
Former Head,
Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
n 74th Independence Day, the Prime Minister of India
shared about the present and upcoming schemes for
self-reliant India. But can it be a reality or remain aOdistant dream? Well, that would depend upon the implication of
numerous policies on the ground and various associations are
doing interactions or webinars with government officials to make
it a reality. Let's intervene with what can be adopted in the
Poultry and Livestock industry.
The Prime Minister stated that the basis of becoming self-reliant
is reducing imports and improving exports of the finished goods
using our manpower. For poultry and livestock industry it
indicates to increase the processing capacities for value-added
products manufacturing totarget the export markets.
We should also innovate feed production, quality testing, and
other technologies and export it at a competitive rate. India is
known for its ancient medicinal system – Ayurveda, which is an
area of global interest as well and many Indian Animal Nutrition
companies in this field are already there in the international
market which can be further enhanced.
History has witnessed the trajectory of India's growth. Like the
Green revolution which transformed the Indian wheat industry
from an import-dependent to self-sufficient. Though we are self-
sufficient in poultry and livestock production but still can
improve further in many areas like raw material production,
alternative raw material availability, milk production, etc.
Our Shastras say that the basis of freedom of any society is its
capabilities, advancement, growth and grandeur. We should
reskill and upskill our workforce to improve their efficiency and
profitability, and support vocal for local initiative for Atmanirbhar
farming.
Sustainable growth is possible while taking care of the
environment and we should also focus on sustainable animal
production.
Let's take a pledge better future of our country that we will
reduce the imports, support small industry strengthening, and
be Vocal for Local. Jai Hind!
Prachi Arora
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Route to self-reliant Indian
Poultry & Livestock industry
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale
Former Chairman, CLFMA of India
Dr. S.P. Vinil
Poultry Expert
Mr. Amit Sachdev
Indian Representative, US Grain Council
Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand
US Soybean Export Council
Dr. Suhas Amrutkar
Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition,
MAFSU, Parbhani
Dr. SN Mohanty
Former Principal Scientist, CIFA
Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta
Agricultural Economist
Raghavan Sampath Kumar
Commodity Expert
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Prachi Arora |
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial
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R&D
05
INDUSTRY NEWS
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 10 | August 2020Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
Wageningen based collaboration to
make sustainable animal feed
06 Strategies of Mold Control
in Monsoon
INTERVIEW
Indian Sub-continent – A key
market for Evonik
14
18
22
MARKET PROJECTION
14 USDA Report on Zambia's
corn export for 2020-21
26 BENISON Media in collaboration with
Glowlit launches new section on
Feed Additive pricing
Oilmeal imports in India
increase substantially
20
Short term outlook
of sluggish Maize market
Superdosing of Phytase – A concept to
increase animal performance 28
30
Insect meal insertion may
positively impact broiler growth
China seeks 'COVID-19 Free'
guarantee from Argentine grains
exporters

05
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 6 | Issue 10 | August 2020
R&D
To replace cereals in animal feed with less sticky co-products from circular agriculture, there
is an urgent need to find out how animal feed pellets stay intact, from factory to animal. In
'Pelleting in the circular agriculture', a unique Wageningen based collaboration of experts
from animal science, process technology, and physics are investigating how to make
sustainable animal feed and give power to the pellet.
Pelleted animal feed contains a large share of cereals. To further move to a circular
agriculture, more co-products should be used to feed animal like pigs and chickens.
Replacing cereals in animal feed is challenging, because besides providing nutritional value,
the cereals also make the pellets stronger.
Wageningen based
collaboration to make
sustainable animal feed
Joshua Dijksman, assistant
professor at Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter
Pelleting in the circular
agriculture
The Pelleting in the circular
agriculture (PCA) project is
looking at how to include
more co-products from
agriculture and human food
industry in pelleted feed.
Examples are co-products
that are released during the
production of food or
biofuels or that come from
discarded foodstuffs. These
co-products have other
physical and chemical
properties than complete
cereals.
Menno Thomas from
Zetadec, co-coordinator of
the project: “The main
problem of replacing cereals
by co-products in pellet feed
is that such modifications
weaken the pellets, making
them brittle. This leads to
losses throughout the entire
chain, from production and
transport to storage, and
even in less nutrition during
the feeding pigs and
chickens. The challenge is
then to find new ways to
incorporate these co-
products into animal feed.”
Microscopic level
This project provides insight
at a microscopic level into
the physical and chemical
properties of animal feed.
For this, the researchers use
a mix of 3D imaging and
mechanical measurements.
Joshua Dijksman, assistant
professor at Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter at
Wageningen University &
Research: "During the
production of animal feed,
basic ingredients are mixed,
after which moisture and heat
are added. The mixture is
then pressed into pellets. We
will study all these stages of
production in-depth and look
at how we can optimize the
process for processing co-
products in animal feed. The
aim is to discover how we can
make high-quality feed
pellets of the future, without
having to use cereals".
Workshops
PCA uniquely aims at
combining fundamental and
applied sciences by relating
studies at microscopic level
to those on pilot factory
level. However, there is
another unique feature
about this project: the
research findings are actively
disseminated to (young) feed
professionals via workshops
organised by Feed Design
Lab and e-learning modules
developed by educational
professionals of Aeres
Training Centre International.
Project co-coordinator Guido
Bosch from Animal Nutrition
Group at WUR: “In this way
we believe that we can
provide feed manufacturers
with new knowledge and
tools that allow them to
make their feeds more fit for
the circular agriculture.”
The aim is to discover how we can make high-quality
feed pellets of the future, without having to use cereals.

06
ARTICLE
Abstract
Mold growth in feeds occurs when desirable temperature, oxygen, unbound water, and
nutrients are available. Mitigation of these four factors prevent mold growth. Management
of feed that accounts for these elements is essential. The use of organic acids combination
as a mold inhibitor is a widely practiced tool for affecting successful microbiological control
feed. Cooling of feed is an important step for ensuring feed safety. Cooling must be done as
soon as the pellets leave the die. An efficient cooler should be able to reduce the product
temperature within 5-8°C of ambient temperature. As the air is forced through the pellet
bed, it is heated, thus increasing its capacity to pick up moisture. The hotter air then removes
moisture that has condensed on the surface of pellets. The process of removing moisture
with unsaturated air is known as evaporative cooling. When non-saturated air is passed
through, it picks up the moisture and at the same time cools pellets.
Mold growth
Nutritional and toxicological implications of microbiological changes in feed ingredients and
feeds have begun to be recognized as a critical part of the livestock nutrition. Mold growth is
Strategies of Mold Control
in Monsoon
Sarwar Ali, Partha Das, Manab Samanta and Jai Prakash Pandey
Kemin Industries South Asia
ImageSource:PureMaintenanceNevada

07
perhaps one of the most
important microbiological
changes in that it can
degrade the nutritional
content of the feed and
create mycotoxins.
Even though the exact
economic impacts of mold
growth in feed have not
been quantified, progressive
farmers and feed
manufacturers have
discovered that when mold
growth is controlled, the
microbiological quality of
feed increases and
production benefits can be
realized . The first step in
designing a mold control
strategy is to understand the
basic requirements of mold
for growth. Absence in one
of these requirements
effectively stops mold
respiration, thereby,
preventing nutritional
damage or toxin production
by the mold.
Nitrogen and Energy:
Source of nitrogen and
energy are most obvious
requirements for mold
growth. Prevention of mold
growth on intact grain relies
heavily on this strategy.
Intact grains physically
protect the nitrogen and
energy resources of the seed
through use of a cellulose or
a polyester covering outside
of the seed. If this covering
remains intact, mold growth
occurs slowly. The shelling of
grain especially corn,
partially removes this
physical barrier, because corn
kernels are normally buried
in the cellulose barrier of
cob.
dictates whether mold
growth will become a
significant problem. Mostly,
molds grow at a temperature
range of 10-40°C. Optimum
temperature required for
mold growth is 25-35°C.
Aspergillus and Penicillium
species flourish in warmer
temperature, whereas,
Fusarium mold prefers cooler
temperature.
Image Adopted from:
Christensen, C. M., ed. 1982.
Storage of cereal grains &
their products. Page 1 in Am.
Assoc. Cereal Chem., St. Paul,
MN.
Oxygen:
Mold are obligate aerobic
organisms; therefore, their
proliferation and growth can
be controlled by providing
oxygen-free storage.
Although this control
strategy is not practical for
most feed ingredients, it is a
principle tool in preservation
of silage. Mold can respire
successfully at oxygen
concentration as low as 4%
(5).
Moisture:
Moisture levels in finished
feeds have long been an
important quality parameter.
However, gross moisture
content is not the controlling
factor in mold growth. True
parameter is the actual
amount of water in a
material that is available to
support growth. If the water
present is not available, then
mold growth cannot occur.
Essentially, water activity
(aW) is a measure of the
degree to which water is
bound within a feed and will
not be available for further
chemical or microbiological
activity.
Temperature:
Second requirement for
mold growth is the correct
environmental temperature.
Temperature at which feed or
raw material is stored often
Broken grain or grains
products absorb moisture
at a faster rate, 5 times
faster than the intact kernels.
Seed coat
Protects
embryo
Natural mold
inhibitor
Figure-1: Damage to seed
coat from harvesting,
transportation, handling,
and feed manufacture
exposes seed contents to
mold growth.

08
ARTICLE
moisture, mold growth can
occur when condensation of
moisture happens.
Nutrients:
Mold needs pre-formed
organic molecules for their
energy supply. Consequently,
feed materials and
manufactured feeds are
highly acceptable substrates
for mold growth.
There are basically four
strategies to control mold
·Water activity (aW) is an
important property in
feed. Most chemical
reactions and
microbiological activity
are controlled directly by
the water activity.
·Value of Water activity
(aW) varies from 0-1.
·Value of water activity
(aW) below 0.6 is safe
from mold & bacterial
growth.
growth in animal feeds
1. Use of edible chemical
control agents
Many naturally occurring
components of feeds such as
organic acids (calcium salt,
sodium salt or ammonium
salt of propionate and
formate), phenols
(polyphenols, tannins),
flavonoids, herbs and spices
possess varying degrees of
antimicrobial activity.
Organic acids and their salts
are well known inhibitors of a
variety of hazardous micro-
organisms. When choosing a
mold inhibitor, it is important
that each individual organic
acid will have a different
effect in controlling mold. A
mindful blending of organic
acids ensures broad
spectrum and highly
effective mold inhibitor for
feed.
2. Optimize cooler
efficiency:
Coolers are designed to
O
Temperature C
Aspergillus (growth)
Penicillium (growth) Optimum
Optimum
T-2 toxin production
0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
Permissible and optimal temperatures for growth of molds commonly associated with animal feed grains.
Figure-2: Relationship of mold growth and temperature
Water activity (a )w
Increasing water activity: Increasing available water
No bacterial & mold growth
Chances of bacterial & mold
growth increases
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Figure-3: Relationship between water activity (Aw) and mold growth in animal
feed and human foodstuffs
Storage time (days)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
x x x x x x x x x
Co2levelinheadspace(%)
Figure-4: Effect of mold inhibitor by Kemin &
other products to prevent feed from fungal deterioration.
Moisture migration within
grains is another source of
free water. When grains,
feed, or both are warmer or
colder than surrounding
ambient conditions, moisture
migrates & condenses
because of the air
convections within the bags.
Thus, even though feed or
grain may be stored at a safe

NUTRIENT LOSSES
1. As feed ages,
essential
vitamins,
especially
Vitamin C, begin
to degrade and
eventually
become deficient.
High
temperatures and
humidity further
speed this
deterioration.
2. Add excessive
levels of vitamins
to allow for
losses incurred
during
manufacturing
and storage.
3. Minimize the
nutrient losses of
your feed by
storing it in a
cool, dry, and
well-ventilated
location.
RANCIDITY
1. Rancidity is the
spoilage of fats
and oils present
at relatively high
levels. Over time,
oxygen breaks
down the fat
chemically,
creating
undesirable by-
products.
2. These
compounds can
cause several
problems,
including:
a. Feed rejection
b. Off-flavoring
c. Overall poor
growth and
health
3. Rancidity is
prevented by
adding
antioxidants to
the fat/oil source.
MICROORGANISMS
1. Unfortunately,
most animal
feeds provide
very good
growth media for
molds and
bacteria when
enough moisture
and warmth are
present.
a. Maintaining
optimum
moisture in
finished feed.
b. Using a broad-
spectrum mold
inhibitor.
c. Real key to mold
prevention is
good storage
conditions.
INFESTATIONS:
RODENTS/INSECT
1. Any time, feed
stored for a
longer period
leads to a chance
of infestation.
Rodents and
insects create
problems by
acting as vector-
agents, which
carry disease and
mold from one
area to another. If
it is left
unchecked, it can
do major
damage to any
stored feed
supply.
09
extract heat and surplus
moisture created during
pelleting, thereby, increasing
the strength of the pellet.
The temperature of pellets
leaving a cooler should be
not more than 4 to 5°C
above ambient temperature.
The amount of heat &
moisture removed depends
on the parameter (Kansas
State University) as below.
·Retention time in cooler
·Pellet size
·Initial pellet temperature
·Porosity and fat content
of pellet
·Air temperature, relative
humidity, and flow rate
Retention time: Each type
and size of the pellet has a
different retention time
required to achieve a desired
degree of cooling and drying
(Kansas State University).
·Higher relative humidity
means the air can
absorb less moisture.
Longer retention time is
required to dry.
·Ingredients can affect
the cooling and drying
rate. Fat, particularly that
added in the batch
mixer, and molasses
Pellet diameter Airflow, cubic
(mm) meter/ hour (minutes)
Retention time
3 1500 6-8
4 1500 8-10
4.5 1600 8-10
6.5 1600 10-12
9.5 1860 12-14
12.5 1860 14-16
16 2100 14-16
19 2100 16-18
Table-1: Cooler optimization Source:
Kansas State University
Table-2: Strategic ways for maintaining the quality of pellet feed

10
ARTICLE
inhibit drying because
they make it difficult for
the moisture to migrate
at the surface of the
pellet.
3. Maintenance quality of
feed:
Animal feed is asemi-
perishable item. Like the
bread from the local grocery
store or the cheese keptin the
refrigerator, the animal feed
gets spoiled when stored for
a longer period. Groceriescan
be purchased from the store
every week, but this is not
practical oreconomically
feasible when purchasing
large quantities of animal
feed. Thequestion, therefore,
is how the shelf life of animal
feed can extend overseveral
months period. When it is
discussed about shelf life, it is
important tounderstand what
happens to feed under long
term storage. The
problemsencountered with
storage or feed fall into four
major categories.
4. Maintenance of storage
condition:
A. Bagged Feed:
·Store feed in a cool, dry,
and well-ventilated area.
·Rotate stock to use old
feed first. “First in, first-
out” principle.
·Keep bags stacked neatly
on pallets to prevent
feed from being in direct
contact with damp floors.
·Stacking height should
not be more than 10
bags in summer & winter
season, whereas, in the
rainy season, stacking
height should not be
more than 8.
·High stacking creates
continuous high pressure
on the bottom side of
bags stacked, due to
which high-pressure
lumps formation occurs
and leads to mold
growth.
·Bags should be stacked
to allow at least 18
inches between walls and
upright supports. This
allows for the cleaning
and placement of traps/
bait boxes. This also
prevents condensation
on walls from damaging
feed and permits
necessary airflow around
the bags.
·Maintain different types
of feed separately and
clearly marked. Be
particularly careful not to
mix bags of medicated
and non-medicated feed
together.
·If receiving skids of feed
is in plastic wrap, remove
the wrap before storing
feed in the warehouse.
This allows better airflow
around the product and
helps prevent mold
problems.
·Clean up spilled feed
immediately and remove
torn bags as soon as
possible. A good
housekeeping policy is
the basis of the mold
control program.
·Eliminate poor drainage
areas that serve as
breeding grounds for
most insects.
·Do not handle bags more
than necessary and
handle with care. Pelleted
diets are designed to be
durable, but they are not
indestructible. Offensive
handling will increase the
dust level in the feed
which results in poor
water quality and loss to
the farmer.
B. Bulk Feed:
1. Bin design: Bins should
be designed to empty
out completely and
maintain airflow through
the bin, preventing
condensation.
2. Inspect bins regularly for
leaks and repair
immediately.
3. Allow bins to empty out
completely between
loads. Many bins have
“dead” areas where old
feed and dust can
accumulate and spoil if
the new feed is
continually put in on top
of old.
4. Clean inside of bins
regularly, removing
encrusted material which
acts as mold and insect
growth areas.
5. Bins can be sealed and
fumigated to kill insects.
Conclusions
The realization that mold
growth destroys the nutrient
content of feed and the
possibility of mycotoxin
development necessitate that
a producer considers
strategies for controlling mold
growth. Limiting nutrient
availability to microorganisms,
storing feed at temperatures
that do not encourage
microbial growth, limiting
oxygen, minimizing free
water availability, and
utilizing a good mold
inhibitor and maintaining
proper storage condition can
ensure the microbiological
integrity of the ration.
Note: Reference can be provided on the
basis of personal requests.

12
MARKET PROJECTION
Corn is the most important crop in Zambia. It is widely grown by smallholder farmers and is the
national staple food. In the 2020/21 MY, Zambia produced its second highest corn crop on
record. This bumper corn crop of 3.4 million tons is 69 percent higher than the previous
season's crop of 2.0 million tons. Post estimates that Zambia will consume about 2.3 million
tons of corn in the 2020/21 MY, leaving excess supplies of corn available for exports to
neighboring countries.
However, following the onset and progression of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Zambian Food
Reserve Agency (FRA) announced that it would purchase 1.0 million tons of corn to protect the
country's food security status. This decision by FRA will constrain the amount of corn available
for exports. Hence, Post estimates Zambia's corn export will be limited to only about 270,000
tons in the 2020/21 MY.
Zambia exported an estimated 100,000 tons of corn in the 2019/20 MY and 600,000 tons in the
2018/19 MY.
Farmer Input Support Programme
Zambia's bumper corn crop is attributed to favourable weather conditions and the successful
early deliveries of farming inputs under the government's Farmer Input Support Program (FISP)
programme, which supplies?subsidised seed and fertiliser to smallholder farmers to increase
USDA Report on Zambia's
corn export for 2020-21
ImageSource:Medium

13
efficiencies and food security.
Small and medium-scale
farmers produced almost 3.2
million tonnes of corn in MY
2020/21, or 93% of the total
corn crop. The Zambian
government believes this
positive trend in corn
production will continue with
Zambia's farmers ultimately
producing more than 5 million
tonnes of corn per year.
Corn production
Reports on this year's
production season indicated
that fall armyworm affected
about 15% of the area
planted with corn. However,
due to improved
management by producers
and the distribution of
pesticides by the Zambian
government, farmers were
able to reduce its severity. In
Zambia, the cultivation of
genetically engineered corn is
prohibited. Almost all ?of the
corn planted in Zambia is
white corn. ?It is estimated
that Zambia requires?around
280,000 tonnes of corn for
animal feed for the?poultry
and livestock industries.
Corn stocks
It is estimated that Zambia
exported about 100,000
tonnes of corn in MY 2019/20
MY. In March 2019, the
Zambian government lifted
the export ban of corn and
corn products to
neighbouring countries after
it was introduced in October
2018. The decision received
mix response, where some
welcomed the move, saying it
will allow Zambia to earn
some foreign exchange, while
others questioned if it may
affect food security. In MY
2018/19, Zambia exported an
estimated 600,000 tonnes of
corn, which included cross-
border informal trade, mostly
to the DRC?and Malawi,?that
occurs on a continuing basis.?
The Zambian government
estimated corn stocks at the
end of MY 2019/20?at 179,247
tonnes, down 62% from the
475,000 tonnes of corn stock
that was available at the end
of MY 2018/19. Zambia has
formal storage capacity
in?excess of 2 million tonnes.
Areaharvestedandproductionofcorn(1,000hectare
1,000tons
Production Area Linear (Production)
Figure 1: Zambia’s positive trend in corn production the past 20 years
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2000/1
000/
2
2
000/
2
3
000/
2
4
000/
2
5
000/
2
6
000/
2
7
000/
2
8
000/
2
9
000/
0
2
1
000/
1
2
1
000/
2
2
12000/132000/142000/152000/162000/17000/
8
2
1
000/
9
2
1
000/
0
2
2
000/
1
2
2
Marketing years
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Cornyields(tonsperhectare)

INTERVIEW
mino acid demand is increasing in the
Indian sub-continent observes
AGerman chemical company. Think
Grain Think Feed interviewed Mr. Vinod
Paremal who recently took over the position of
President & Managing Director for Evonik
India and Dr. Saikat Saha, Business Director-
Animal Nutrition India who is working with the
company for the last 13 years. They shared
insights how they cope-up with the supply
chain disruptions, what do they foresee in the
Asian market and more, read the interview
excerpts.
Indian
Sub-continent – A key
market for Evonik
Indian
Sub-continent – A key
market for Evonik
Dr. Saikat Saha

15
In 2017, Evonik stated that
it intends to assume a
leading role in the field of
sustainable and antibiotic-
free livestock
management. How long it
has traveled since then?
Dr. Saikat Saha: Animal
Nutrition Business Line of
Evonik is very much
committed to the cause of
sustainable and antibiotic-
free animal production &
management. In fact, the
pillars of our new innovative
“system house” approach for
NIR satellite lab has supported customers to gain
insight about the protein and amino acid quality of
various Indian-origin feed raw materials as well as
the complete feed
safe animal production is comprising of Gut Health Products
including Probiotics alongside our classical Amino Acids;
digitalized knowledge and applied science as applied
services, screening tools for preventive health monitoring,
and digital animal farming concept under the umbrella of
Evonik Porphyrio, which works as a process control centre to
connect animal farming, nutrition, and health. Our unique
probiotic concept for animal feeding has already gained a
significant foothold in the area of antibiotic-free animal
production.
Dr. Saikat Saha: Global demand for amino acids, methionine
in particular, has shown strong growth over the years. Asia-
Pacific markets are one of the major contributors to this
strong demand. In fact, in the years 2018-19, the Asia-Pacific
region contributed over 40% of the global methionine
demand. Animal Nutrition business line from Evonik is better
suited to cater to this strong demand with our modern
world-scale plant in Singapore.
Dr. Saikat Saha: Indian sub-continent markets comprising of
India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh & Pakistan, has shown
tremendous growth in terms of amino acid demand in recent
years. With the growing young population and continuous
Can you please share the supply-demand trends for
amino acids in the Asia-Pacific market?
Evonik's new plant in Singapore inaugurated in June of
2019, was supposed to double its Methionine capacity in
Asia – from 150,000 metric tonnes to about 300,000
metric tonnes, making up approximately 40 % of its
730,000 metric tonnes of global output. Though it says a
lot about the growing Asian market, would you please
throw some light on the Indian sub-continent market?

16
INTERVIEW
improvement in overall
economic parameters in this
part of the world despite
some occasional challenges
will ensure strong demand
for animal protein in these
markets; resulting ultimately
to higher demand for feed,
feed additives, and amino
acids in particular. And as
you rightly pointed out,
word's largest methionine
complex in the vicinity will
certainly help catering to the
rising demand for these
countries.
Dr. Saikat Saha: Most of our
world-class methionine
complexes are backwardly
integrated; so, there is
comparatively less impact
In November 2019, the
supply issue forced the
shutdown of Evonik's
methionine plants in
Belgium and since early
2020, the global supply
chain impacted by the
pandemic. What has been
its impact on the Asian
market?
from the fluctuation of raw
material supply. Fortunately,
so far, none of our plants in
Europe, America or Asia has
been affected by the
pandemic. In fact, we
ensured regular production
at our Singapore plant,
throughout the last few
months of the pandemic,
despite challenges. The
pandemic of course slowed
demand in certain markets
including some Asian
markets.
Dr. Saikat Saha: Evonik has
its strong presence in
different animal species
production segments,
including, Poultry, Swine,
Aquaculture, and Dairy. Both
in aquaculture and dairy,
there is a need for
Evonik has its strength in
Poultry. Can you update
our readers about the
USPs of the company in
the Aqua segment? What
opportunities do you
foresee in the Indian
aquaculture industry?
specialized products. In the
Indian sub-continent, we are
active in the aquaculture
segment through our unique
dipeptide molecule of
methionine specifically
designed for shrimps, which
is proving new innovative
and sustainable ways to the
shrimp feed millers to
improve their protein quality
and amino acid balance in
the feed. In fact, our rumen-
protected methionine for the
dairy sector is also showing
promising results to the dairy
farmers.
In May 2020, Evonik
entered into a
collaboration with Perstorp
for the exclusive
distribution of the product
in sub-Saharan Africa. Very
recently, the sales and
distribution of ProPhorce
SR 130 have been
expanded to the Indian
subcontinent such as India,
Nepal, Sri Lanka,
Bangladesh, and Pakistan.
Why this collaboration?

17
Dr. Saikat Saha: ProPhorce SR
130 further complements
our gut health portfolio.
Butyric acid derivatives
complement the mode of
action of our probiotics and
show beneficial effects that
can bring added value to
customers when used
together. This enables us to
move further toward
sustainable Gut Health
Solutions for our animal
nutrition customers.
Vinod Paremal: Evonik's
Animal Nutrition Business
Line has served customers in
the Indian sub-continent for
Vinod Paremal, you
recently took over the
position of Regional
President of Indian sub-
continent, would you
please share the strengths
of Evonik Animal Nutrition
and how do you see its
penetration in coming
years?
over two decades now with
world-class products such as
feed grade amino acids,
probiotics, etc. Over the
years, we have formed a
strong bond with our
customers in this region
through our efforts not just
by bringing superior quality
products to our customers,
consistently, but also by
introducing cutting-edge
technology in this field like
NIRS for feed and raw
material evaluation. Over the
years, our NIR satellite lab in
Mumbai has helped
customers gain insight about
the protein and amino acid
quality of various Indian-
origin feed raw materials as
well as the complete feed.
Once again, with the
introduction of the concept
of artificial intelligence (AI) in
animal farming through our
Porphyrio range, Evonik has
yet again renewed its
commitment towards
sustainable & profitable
animal production in this
region.
Vinod Paremal: In spite of
significant challenges, the
animal protein sector
continues to grow at a
sustainable pace in the
Indian sub-continent. The
advantageous cost position
of home-grown feed raw
materials coupled with early
adoption of innovative
technologies like Porphyrio,
can enable the Indian animal
protein sector to effectively
compete globally. The
growing consensus via
consumer awareness
regarding the hygiene and
safety of animal proteins in
the human food chain will
eventually lead to a greater
focus on the further
processing of antibiotic-free
animal proteins. Evonik is
delighted to be an enabler
for our valued innovative
customers who are working
towards achieving this goal.
Your message for the
industry.
Vinod Paremal

18
ARTICLE
The pandemic resulted in weak demand for maize against its abundant supplies. Prices for
rabi crops in major producing states were reported to fluctuate between Rs 1150-
1275/quintal (Gulabbagh Maize prices) starting April to date. Prices touched bottom in May
month while currently, it is near Rs 1240-1250/ quintal levels.
The prices are quite low compared to the last few years due to the impact on its demand
from the poultry industry. As more than 55% of total maize production in India is consumed
by the poultry feed industry. The pandemic has badly impacted the demand for poultry and
poultry products and therefore, the poultry feed industry.
Though the first two quarters of the year have seen a downward trend, still sowing
operations have progressed satisfactorily due to government intervention during the
lockdown period. As per official reports, maize acreage in the country rose by 2.36 percent
to 74.30 lakh hectares from 72.58 lakh hectares in the corresponding period ending July 31.
The Rabi crops from Bihar and Andhra Pradesh were also higher compared to the previous
year.
Due to the weak demand from poultry or animal feed industry, the maize processing firms
reduce their operational capacity to 40-45% in the second quarter.Lack of procurement from
Short term outlook
of sluggish Maize market
Abhijeet Banerjee, Religare Broking
ImageSource:MunichRe

19
private and government
sector made the maize
farmers sell their produce in
distress at lower than the
minimum support price
which is Rs 1850/quintal.
Present scenario in Maize
producing states
In mandis of Punjab the
distressed maize farmers sell
their produce at Rs 1000 to
Rs 1200 per quintal. Earlier
the state government has
been actively promoting
maize cultivation as part of
its crop diversification plans.
But in the current season
state governments' own
agencies failed to offer any
relief for the maize farmers
who were forced to sell their
produce at 40-60 percent
lesser than the MSP of the
crop.
During the second quarter
procurement in southern
states, AP and Telangana
could check the price fall to
some extent. Both these
states have reportedly
procured 10-11 lakh tonnes.
Import deal was also
finalized in January while the
supply of imported maize
also contributed to price
slide during the first quarter.
Due to disparity in import
offers, so far, no deal has
been finalized in the current
fiscal.
The supply-demand scenario
of India poultry industry is
also improving. Though the
egg market has stabilized in
the last couple of months.
The demand for poultry and
poultry products is also
improving. As per trade
sources, poultry feed
manufacturers and maize
processing units are currently
operating at 60-70% of the
production capacity,
relatively higher than a few
months back when it was just
40-45%.
Export Scenario
Recent maize exports of ~5-
6 lakh tonnes to Nepal and
Bangladesh could arrest the
price fall to some extent.
With the removal of trade
restrictions and continued
requirements from these
countries and other
destinations will further
improve the chances of
overseas trade. Industry
estimates export figures to
Source: Trade contacts
Date Prices in Rs
per quintal
(Kharif
maize)
15 July 1474-1476
16 July 1470-1473
17 July 1467-1470
20 July 1475-1480
21 July 1475-1480
22 July 1460-1465
31 July 1440-1450
3 Aug 1470-1480
4 Aug 1470-1475
5 Aug 1475-1480
6 Aug 1476-1480
7 Aug 1470-1475
10 Aug 1450-1460
11 Aug 1445-1450
12 Aug 1435-1440
13 Aug 1435-1440
Table 1: Maize Prices in
Sangli market between
July 15 till August 13
Table 2:
Gulabbagh market between
July 15 till August 13
Maize Prices in
Date Prices in
Rs/Qtl (Rabi
maize)
15 July 1230-1240
16 July 1230-1235
17 July 1225-1230
20 July 1225-1230
21 July 1225-1230
22 July 1230-1235
23 July 1225-1230
24 July 1220-1222
27 July 1220-1225
28 July 1215-1225
29 July 1215-1220
30 July 1218-1225
31 July 1220
4 Aug 1220
5 Aug 1220-1230
6 Aug 1225-1235
7 Aug 1235-1240
10 Aug 1250
11 Aug 1240-1245
12 Aug 1250-1255
13 Aug 1245-1250
Source: Trade contacts

20
ARTICLE
reach somewhere around 9-
10 lakh tonnes during the
present financial year. But as
per the present scenario,
fresh exports are not
economically feasible. As
mentioned by Mr. Bimal
Bengani, a leading exporter,
India is unable to negotiate
fresh deals at present. Our
offer is around USD 195-200
per tonnes while other
exporting nations are
offering a lower quote of
USD 185-190 per tonnes.
Short-term outlook
Maize price at mandis of
Sangli and Gulabbagh is
fluctuating between Rs 1430-
1480 and Rs 1220-1250 per
quintal respectively. In near
future, the demand for most
of the edible agricultural
commodities is expected to
improve, in addition to
poultry and related products
which might also result in
more stocking. Before the
arrival of Kharif season crops,
the traders and exporters are
expecting a gain of at least
Rs. 100-125 per quintal from
the current level. As the
Kharif arrivals may reach the
market in November and
further pick up by December.
Therefore, the short to
medium-term price outlook
of maize seems relatively
better compared to the first
half of the year.
The crop supply from the
Kharif harvest should be
decent enough to suppress
the market during the last
two months of the year. If in
case the pandemic issue
remains there or demand of
poultry industry remains
subdued then trading
environment may not be so
friendly. Mr. Amit Sachdeva
of US Soybean Council does
not foresee any significant
improvement in the business
atmosphere at least for next
few quarters which is due to
the uncertainty over the
elimination of the pandemic
and also improvement in
financial conditions of the
entire value chain. He also
stated that maize prices have
been almost stable for the
past few months, thereby
there are hardly any chances
of earning any relevant profit
by farmers, traders, or
processors.
Oilmeal imports in India
increase substantially
Import of oilmeals, used as
animal feed, rose 70% in
2019-20 because of higher
demand, stagnant local
production and lower duty of
shipments from some African
countries, trade body Solvent
Extractors Association (SEA)
said.
"India imports oilcake/meal
for domestic processing and
or direct usage in
cattle/poultry feeds. During
the financial year 2019-20
(Apr.'19 to Mar.'20 ) India
imported 1,142,902 tons of
various oilcake/meal/feed
valued at Rs. 3218.09 crores
against 670,709 tons valued
at 2558.20 crores during
previous year 2018-19,
sharply increased by 70% in
terms of quantity and 26% in
terms of value," a release
from SEA said.
Demand of oilmeal is rising
year as the feed industry is
growing at 8% to 10% per
annum, while oilseed
production in the country is
more or less stagnant.
"The current duty on import
of oil bearing material is
19.6%. However, large
quantities of oilcake/meals
are being imported from
certain African countries
under India- African
agreement of Least
Development Countries at nil
duty or at lower duty from
SAARC countries," the SEA
release said
According to SEA, import of
oilcake/meal/feed in 2016-17
was 838,811 tons valued at
Rs. 2341.85 crores which
increased to 1,142,902 tons
valued at Rs. 3218.09 crores
in 2019-20.
INDUSTRYNEWS
ImageSource:TheHindu

22
ARTICLE
Introduction
Phytic acid (Inositol Hexaphosphate- IP ) is a low solubility compound present in broiler feed. It6
has an anti-nutritive factor as Phosphorus is present in it in a bound form that decreases its
availability in the body. To compensate for the deficiency of Phosphorus, additional phosphorus
in the form of Dicalcium Phosphate is added in the diet that leads to an increase in feed cost.
Moreover, the bound Phosphorus passed from excreta without being absorbed, damages the
environment, and depletes the non-renewable resources from which Phosphorus is extracted.
Phytic acid gets complexed with protein, starch, and other minerals, thus reducing their
availability to the animal. This property to chelate with various important compounds makes the
Phytic acid to withstand further digestion. To overcome this problem exogenous phytase in
feed is incorporated. But recently Phytase superdosing i.e. use of high doses of enzyme phytase
with growth-promoting effects is being widely accepted. In this article, the science behind
superdosing and how it helps to increase animal performance is discussed.
What is superdosing and the need of exogenous Phytase?
Application of an intrinsically thermostable highly efficient phytase at high doses i.e., 3-4 times
Superdosing of Phytase – A
concept to increase animal
performance
Dr Pooja Rawal, GBPUAT, Pantnagar
ImageSource:ABVista

23
the standard dose (300-500
FTU/kg) developed
specifically to target near-
complete phytase destruction
is called superdosing. 1 FTU
equals the amount of enzyme
needed to release 1
micromole of inorganic
Phosphorus per minute from
5.1 millimole sodium phytate
at 37 and pH 5.5
(Williams,2014).
Phytase can chelate with
various positively charged
mineral cations. This ability
increases as pH gradually
increase along the digestive
tract. Most mineral phytates
are soluble in acidic pH (pH 2-
3) and since in proximal part
of the intestine, the pH is
comparatively high (pH 4-5).
Therefore, poor substrate
solubility is there in the small
intestine. This is the major
limitation for phytate
digestion by the endogenous
enzyme (non-specific
Phytases or alkaline
phosphatases) that usually act
in alkaline pH (Peyton Gilbert-
2017). Hence the problem
with phytate digestion is not
the lack of compatible
endogenous enzyme but
poor substrate solubility in
the small intestine.
Mechanism of action of
Phytase at standard doses
Phytate (IP ) in the presence6
of exogenous phytase gets
degraded to IP in the acidic5
medium in crop and
proventriculus and releases
the bound phosphorus
present in the phytate
molecule. Higher molecular
weight esters such as IP and6
IP have higher chelating5
activity than lower molecular
weight esters such as IP , IP ,4 3
IP and IP . Exogenous2 1
phytase when added in the
feed dephosphorylate IP in6
proximal GIT to lower
molecular weight esters of IP.
This decreases the anti-
nutritive value of IP and6
minimizes the leakage of IP6
and IP into the duodenum. In5
an ideal situation, depending
upon the dose of Phytase,
there is complete hydrolysis
of phytate to yield Inositol
molecule andz Phosphorus.
However, in the in vivo
condition, hydrolysis will be
incomplete and there is a
mixture of IP , IP and IP .5 4 3
Therefore, to aid the complete
hydrolysis of Phytate, the
concept of superdosing
comes into play.
How superdosing works in
the body?
Phytase at standard dose
degrades IP and produces6
IP , may get further degraded5
up to IP and IP depending4 3
upon the dose. Thus,
diminishes the chelating
property and anti-nutritive
value of IP . But the problem6
doesn't get solved with the
degradation of IP to IP . IP ,6 5 5
IP , IP binds with Zinc much4 3
more efficiently and increases
its precipitation. Zinc being a
cofactor for various pancreatic
enzymes gets scarce and
unavailable. Thus, there is a
reduction in protein digestion.
With standard phytase
dosing, there would be just
replacement of one anti-
nutritive compound with the
other. If the focus remains
only on removing IP , a6
considerable amount of IP ,5
IP , IP would be left in the gut4 3
under exploited, and essential
nutrients that are to be
absorbed would get
compromised. Phytase
shouldn't just effectively break
IP but also should diminish6
the accumulation of lower
esters. Superdosing not only
degrades IP but also6
decreases the buildup of IP ,5
Phytase
Proventriculus
Gizzard
Alkaline
Phosphatase
M
UNEDOU
D
Crop
Fig. 1. Phytase action when superdosed in poultry GIT

24
ARTICLE
retention time in a crop that
allows exogenous phytase to
hydrolyze a greater no. of
higher esters which in turn
increases the efficacy of
endogenous phytase on
lower IP in the upper small
intestine.
Attributes associated with
superdosing
·Characteristics of Phytase
necessary to drive
phytate to near
elimination and so
maximize Inositol
release-
°Thermo stability
(withstand high pelleting
temperature)
°Type of phytase (bacterial
or fungal origin)
°Good gastric tolerance
and stability to resist the
bird's own enzymes.
°Acidic pH stability (pH-2-
3).
°High rate and extent of
Phytate breakdown
(sustainable activity even
at low phytate
concentration)
·Release of additional
Phosphorus-
This level of Phytate
destruction yields additional
Phosphorus compared to
standard Phytase dosing. But
this has been shown that
Phosphorus requirement of
superdosed birds also may be
higher due to subsequent
increase in growth rate and
IP , IP . Phytase should not4 3
only release Phosphorus but
should also avail various
minerals and protein to which
Phytate gets bound. New
generation Escherichia coli
Phytases target up to 90%
destruction of phytate (IP )6
and lower esters (IP , IP , IP ).5 4 3
Importance of released
INOSITOL
Inositol produced after the
removal of Phosphorus from
IP functions as follows-1
·Growth promoting
effects in chicks.
·Fat metabolism and cell
functioning.
·Inositol+ Phosphorus →
Phytase (a potent
antioxidant in the cell)
It is quite interesting that
exogenous phytase is unable
to break IP and liberate1
Inositol. Exogenous phytase
acts primarily in the acidic
environment of crop and
degradation of IP molecule1
occurs in the duodenum
where the pH is alkaline,
therefore, phytase activity is
limited to a proximal end of
GIT, dephosphorylation of
higher IP must occur here.
Last IP -Pi bond is broken1
down by nonspecific
phosphatases (Johanna
Hirvonen-2019). Hence, in
order to completely destroy
the phytase molecule, there
should be increased in feed
use of Phosphorus to
rephosphorylate the
additional available Inositol at
the cellular level.
Benefits rendered by
superdosing of Phytase
Phytase being the enzyme to
degrade Phytate avails various
cations, minerals and other
nutrients that help in the
growth of the animal.
Conclusions
Complete growth and
development of poultry
require proper availability,
utilization, and absorption of
nutrients. Phytase when
added in standard dose just
breaks the Phytate molecule
to produce other anti-
nutritive compounds which
further binds with
indispensable minerals and
nutrients decreasing their
availability. Thus, it is nowhere
less harmful to the bird's
system. This somewhere
makes the addition of Phytase
a waste. To draw complete
profit out of the addition of
phytase and poultry
production, Superdosing
stands out to be a mandate
approach as it culminates with
the complete destruction of
Phytate and other
subordinates. Therefore,
superdosing is imperative and
should be practiced in order
to get complete benefits out
of the addition of Phytase.
References are available upon request.
Solves Black Bone disease and consumer rejection by increasing the
availability of Calcium and Phosphorus
Yield myoinositol that that stimulates insulin pathway and increases
sensitivity of cells
Superdoses of phytase (2500 FTU and 5000 FTU/kg of feed) improves feed
intake weight gain, ileal digestibility,
blood Phosphorus levels and bone minerals ( Ca, Mg Zn content)
Phytate dissapearance increased 2.5 times with high doses of phytase.
Weight gain and ash content increased by 130% and 60% respectively with
7600 FTU/kg of feed.

26
MARKET PROJECTION
Benison Media has announced collaboration with Glowlit, a global market intelligence
platform creating value for stakeholders across the animal feed supply chain.
Benison Media and Glowlit will provide readers with pricing data and trend analysis on a few
select feed additives each week. Glowlit's market intel derives from its unique model
anonymously crowd sourcing data from industry professionals in real time. Glowlit works by
offering users access to a free price report in exchange for entering a valid delivered price
for a selected product of interest.
“In light of all of the unpredictable price fluctuations due to Covid-19 supply chain
disruptions, we think now more than ever there is a place for a tool like Glowlit to promote
fairness around feed additive pricing,” says Guy Soreq, Glowlit's CEO and Founder.
Readers can look for the new Feed Additive Focus section in both the newsletter and soon
available on the Benison Media website as well. Read on to view the first installment.
As of second week of August, Feed Additive Focus, brought to you by Glowlit, takes a look at
the latest price changes in Vitamin D3 500 & Vitamin C 99%.
Spot buyers are paying 64% less for Vitamin D3 500 than they were in End of April, with the
BENISON Media in
collaboration with Glowlit
launches new section on
Feed Additive pricing

27
current global price around 21.3 USD per KG. Buyers in
Turkey are paying as little as 18 USD per KG. The prices
shown here are global. Click on the chart to see prices for
your region of the world.
July saw a rapid drop in the
price of Vitamin C 99% with
spot buyers paying 28% less
than mid June. The current
global price is sitting around
3.3 USD per KG. Buyers in
Germany are paying as little
as 3.2 USD per KG. The prices
shown here are global.
What is Glowlit?
Glowlit is a crowdsourcing
tool that gives users free
regionally-based price
reports on a range of animal
feed additives. Our data
comes directly from
purchasing managers who
know the industry best. All
entries are anonymous and
shared only as part of an
aggregate report. Glowlit
price reports are based on
over 22,000 price entries.
Each one has been cross-
referenced and validated
across multiple touch points
- including both algorithm
and human-based
verification. In doing so,
Glowlit is able to ensure that
rapid shifts in prices are
accurately reflected within
the system.
Visit Glowlit.com and enter a

28
MARKET PROJECTION
different products,
segmented by regions
around the world. Sign up
for notifications to stay
recent quote to see free
reports detailing historical
price trends and volume-
price breakdowns on over 50
ahead of the curve on price
fluctuations like the ones
seen here.
pen, i.e., negative control;
positive control with
salinomycin addition (60 mg/kg
diet), and addition of 0.2% and
0.3% of T. molitor and Z. morio
full-fat meals “on top”.
In the second experiment, 4
treatments, 10 replicate pens
per treatment, and 10 birds per
pen were set, i.e., negative
control, positive control with
salinomycin addition (60 mg/kg
diet), and 0.3% of T. molitor and
Z. morio full-fat meals
calculated in the diets.
In both trials the
supplementation of insects
increased the BWG (Exp. 1: P =
0.024; Exp. 2: P = 0.046) and FI
(Exp. 1: P = 0.022; Exp. 2: P =
0.026), and no negative effect
on the FCR was recorded in
experiment one (P = 0.514),
however in second trial insects
The polish research finds that
small amount addition of T.
molitor and Z. morio full-fat
meals to the diet of broiler
chickens can improve growth
performance and change
selected the immune system
traits.
This study was conducted to
investigate the effect of insect
full-fat meals (Tenebrio molitor
and Zophobasmorio larvae),
added “on top” of a complete
diet or calculated into diets, on
the growth performance,
selected blood, and immune
system traits of broiler chickens.
1000 one-day-old female Ross
308 broiler chicks were used in
2 independent experiments. In
the first trial, the birds were
randomly assigned to 6
treatments, 10 replicate pens
per treatment, and 10 birds per
addition increased FCR values
(P = 0.011). In addition, in the
first trial, groups fed insects and
PC comparing to NC decreased
the IgY (P = 0.045) and IgM, (P
< 0.001) levels. In the second
experiment, IgM levels were
also decreased (P < 0.001) in
groups fed insects comparing
to NC. Moreover, in first trial the
IgM levels were negatively
correlated to the BWG (r =
–0.4845) and FI (r = –0.4986),
with statistically significant
values (P < 0.001).
In conclusion, the current results
confirmed that small amount
addition (0.2% and 0.3%) of T.
molitor and Z. morio full-fat
meals to the diet of broiler
chickens can improve growth
performance and change
selected the immune system
traits.
Insect meal insertion may
positively impact broiler growth
INDUSTRYNEWS

30
INDUSTRY NEWS
China seeks 'COVID-19 Free'
guarantee from Argentine grains
exporters
The other major exporting
countries are also against the
coronavirus guarantee
required by China, the source
said.
Chinese importers are
requiring certificates from
exporters saying crops sent
to China are not
contaminated by the
pandemic wreaking havoc on
the world economy. Two
additional Argentine export
industry sources confirmed
that the talks were being
held among the Western
Hemisphere's top grains
exporters.
"China is asking for a
"COVID-19-free" certificate
for all its imports, which is
quite bizarre," said one of
the two independent
sources. "It's ridiculous for
bulk merchandise that will
Argentine grains exporters
told Chinese importers that
they were asking for
"inappropriate" guarantees
that crops being shipped
from the South American
country were free of the
coronavirus, according to a
letter sent to importers in
late June.
The letter was signed by the
CIARA-CEC grains exporters
and oilseed crushers
chamber.
A source at CIARA-CEC, who
asked not to be named, said
the chamber was in contact
with its counterparts in
Brazil, Canada and the
United States, which
together provide most of the
world's soybeans, corn and
soymeal livestock feed used
to fatten hogs, poultry and
cattle throughout Asia.
later be processed, and takes
more than 15 days of
shipping time."
The Canada Grains Council is
in talks with similar groups
around the world aimed at
articulating a response to
China, said Cam Dahl, chair
of the council.
He declined to identify the
other groups, saying that
they had not arrived on a
common response. The
objective is to promote a
science-based approach to
the grain trade, Dahl said.
The decision of whether to
provide guarantees as
requested by China is left up
to individual export
companies, he added.
"This is another potential
arbitrary reason to limit
trade," Dahl said of China's
demand for a guarantee.
Source: Reuters
ImageSource:ETAuto

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