I am Dr Chandrashekhar Thodupunuri. I did my MBBS at Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, and I pursued my postgraduate diploma in clinical cardiology from Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad. I worked at Apollo Hospital, Global Hospital and Archana Hospital as a cardiologist. My career took a significant turn when my child got diagnosed with autism. In pursuit of a solution for her condition, I did a fellowship program at the Medical Academy of Pediatrics, Special Needs in the USA. My research about autism taught me that it is preventable. This possibility made me leave my cardiology career and pushed me into autism research.

1. L
Swift ft
Swift the solution, Lift the business!
www.swiftnlift.in
MAY 2022
Dr Chandrashekhar
Thodupunuri
Founder and Director
PROVIDENCE MICROBIOME
RESEARCH CENTER
A VISIONARY PLATFORM FOR AUTISM PREVENTION
BUSINESS LEADERS
S
IN HEALTHCARE
E
AND LIFESCIENCE
E
INDUSTRY 2022
2
DYNAMIC

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6. From the
EDITOR
H
umans are evolving with each
advancement in technology. We have
almost developed a substitute for every
need. However, we can’t find an alternative for
our own health. Lifesciences and the healthcare
sector work closely together to provide a better
outcome. In the last two to three decades, India
has been deliberately focusing on medical and
healthcare facilities to reach the remotest places
in the nation.
The Indian government has designed a roadmap
to develop a network of universal healthcare
facilities in every district of the nation, to reduce
the unavailability of primary health services. The
Healthcare & Lifescience industry was the least
focused industry. Private players are taking an
active part in this mission. Startups are coming
forward to contribute to this growing industry.
Every organization needs a visionary leader to
be strong from the start. Leaders have a clear
idea of where they want to go, how they can get
there, and what success looks like. Make sure you
express your vision clearly and enthusiastically,
and make sure your team understands how their
efforts contribute to achieving higher-level goals.

7. Working on your vision with consistency,
perseverance, and enthusiasm will inspire
others to do the same.
To be an effective leader, you need to
make quick and difficult decisions with
limited information. If you come up with
something out of the ordinary, then you
need to rethink your position. Consider the
likely consequences of your decision and
any available alternatives. Make your final
decision with conviction, take responsibility
for it, and follow it. By being a determined
and confident decision-making body, you can
seize the opportunity and gain the respect of
your team.
The best leaders move their team forward
with inspiration & enthusiasm. Take time with
the people you lead to know their strengths,
needs & priorities. In addition to appreciating
them, it can help you understand how best
to inspire them. Continue to strengthen how
their efforts can bring about change and
encourage them to develop their potential
through meaningful goals and challenges.
In our edition, 10 Most Dynamic Business
Leaders in Healthcare and Lifescience
Industry - 2022, on the cover story, we have
Dr Chandrashekhar Thodupunuri, Founder
and Director of Providence Microbiome
Research Centre Private Limited. The
healthcare startup is a research firm engaged
in faecal microbiota transfer therapy (FMT) as
an appropriate treatment modality for autism.
SwiftNLift is not just a business magazine.
We aim to cover all other topics that account
for our society’s betterment. We always
try to come up with articles covering the
latest trends and essential topics. We as a
team have worked hard for our readers and
introduced to you this edition. Hope you enjoy
reading this piece of our efforts!
Nilesh Sabe
Chief Editor
- Nilesh Sabe

8. Providence Microbiome
Research Center
Private Limited
COVER STORY
10
Articles
Application of
Nanotechnology in
medical science
Machine learning in
pharmacology
Is GMO an option
for food security?
Food spoilage by
Microbes
20
26
32
36

9. Neo
Inventronix
Himcure
Pharmaceuticals
Pvt Ltd
Nyucel
Wellness
Portea
Medical
Smile in
Hour LLP
AdventSys
Technologies
Private Limited
Protech
Telelinks
Nivaran Pain
Relief Centre
Simply
Herbal
Profiles

10. BUSINESS LEADERS
S
IN HEALTHCARE
E
AND LIFESCIENCE
E
INDUSTRY 2022
2
DYNAMIC
PROVIDENCE
MICROBIOME
RESEARCH
CENTER

11. Dr Chandrashekhar
Thodupunuri
Founder and Director

12. Tell us about yourself. How has your
academic life been?
I am Dr Chandrashekhar Thodupunuri. I did my MBBS
at Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, and I pursued
my postgraduate diploma in clinical cardiology from
Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad. I worked at Apollo
Hospital, Global Hospital and Archana Hospital as a
cardiologist. My career took a significant turn when
my child got diagnosed with autism. In pursuit of a
solution for her condition, I did a fellowship program
at the Medical Academy of Pediatrics, Special Needs
in the USA. My research about autism taught me that
it is preventable. This possibility made me leave my
cardiology career and pushed me into autism research.
The health care & Life science sector is
going through a rapid shift. How does it
encourage you to establish Providence
Microbiome Research Center?
During my journey of autism research, I happened to
meet some extraordinary researchers and amazing
parents who recovered their children with autism. I
understood a concept called the “hologenome theory of
evolution” from recovery stories, which is most relevant
for autism and many other illnesses.
According to our research, the human body and a
few species of microbes living in the human gut work
together as a single unit at the genome level, i.e., the
human genome and these microbial genomes work
in tandem as a shared gene pool. These shared gene
pools, which were developed during evolution, form an
epigenetic medium necessary for human development
and the typical day-to-day functioning of the human
body. These microbes undergo vertical transfer from
the mother’s uterus to the child during pregnancy.
Any disruption in this shared gene pool will result in
epigenetic errors and lead to diseases like diabetes,
obesity, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders,
psychiatric illnesses, etc. If this gene pool is affected in
foetuses during pregnancy, it leads to adverse outcomes
like autism and global developmental delay.
Gross epigenetic errors in postmortem brain tissues
of autistic individuals and phylogenetically different
ecosystems in gut microbial studies in autism made
me think in the direction of microbiome research.
Although “faecal microbiota transfer therapy” is an
option to transform these gene pools to correct the
epigenetic errors in autism, research related to the gut
microbiome, human epigenetics and its relevance to
autism is minimal and sparse.
Around 421 clinical trials regarding faecal microbiota
transfer therapy were registered across the globe
for various diseases, of which seven were registered
for autism. Most of these clinical trials are done by
academicians. Though these concepts are helpful for
human health, they do not get enough opportunity
to complete the drug research process due to the high
costs involved. Also, as there is no drug to sell in
FMT research, investors do not show much interest in
investing in microbiome research.
We at Providence Microbiome believe in the adage
that prevention is better than cure. If we can protect
human embryos from alterations in a shared gene
pool, children might escape from Autism Spectrum
Disorder (ASD). This possibility made me establish
a research startup to conduct a series of academic
clinical trials to propose antenatal programs to
prevent ASD.
PROVIDENCE MICROBIOME
RESEARCH CENTER

13. What are your objectives and motto?
Our objective is to test faecal microbiota transfer
therapy (FMT) as an appropriate treatment modality
for autism. If FMT is proven successful, we would like
to develop a serum marker for autism by conducting
a large-scale epigenetic study comparing normal and
autistic children. Furthermore, if the concept is proven,
we will establish the aetiology and pathophysiology
of autism and propose an antenatal program for
autism prevention.
Tell us something about your research
facility?
Providence Microbiome Research Center Pvt Ltd. has
collaborated with the Center for DNA Fingerprinting
and Diagnostics – National Genomics Core (CDFD-
NGC), a DBT institute for genetic and epigenetic testing
Microbiome Research Pvt Ltd, miBIOME therapeutics
Pvt Ltd and Agenes Info Omics Pvt Ltd for microbiome
testing. We partnered with KSbioclinserve, Inductive
Quotient Analytics, and St Theresa’s Hospital for clinical
trials. We are working exclusively on autism, and our
research mainly focuses on genetics, epigenetics, and
the role of the gut microbiome.
Tell us about your research topics. Also,
can you share the results with us?
We are conducting a series of clinical trials. The first of
the five planned studies is “faecal microbiota transfer
therapy for autism” or “gut symbiont restoration
therapy,” registered with ICMR, and we are currently
recruiting patients. In another human trial, we will
study the umbilical cord blood toxins and meconium
microbial composition and developmental outcomes
to establish the aetiology and pathogenesis of autism.
Of the three planned animal studies, two are to test
the hypothesis; one animal study is intended to test the
safety and efficacy of the antenatal program. At the end
of all these five studies, human trials will be done to test
the safety and effectiveness of antenatal programs to
prevent autism.
We recruited a few children with autism for our trial;
the preliminary results are satisfactory and promising.
In addition, we have observed that supernatant fluid
obtained from screened donor stool gives better and
faster results than regular faecal microbiota transfer
therapy. If the results are consistent, FMT has the
potential to become the treatment of choice for autism.
How are you managing funds to run
your research?
Currently,weareconductingresearchwithself-generated
funds. We plan to get some funds from the Startup India
seed fund scheme. We will seek Government and some
other private grants after satisfactory preliminary results.
Which factors are majorly contributing to
destabilising brain tissue in infants?
When we look at the history of autism, it has been rising
in the last 40 years. The incidence of autism in 1980 was
1 in 10,000, which increased to 1 in 54 by 2020. Human
beings evolved 2 million years ago, but this situation
never existed earlier. Furthermore, the incidence of
autism is higher in most developed countries. It indicates
that society has been doing something wrong for the
past 40 years.
Around 80,000 chemicals are registered with the
Environmental Protection Agency, USA. 2500 new
chemicals are being introduced every year, of which
only 5% of the chemicals are officially declared as toxic
to human beings. We are using these chemicals in 4 lakh
products. Most of them resist human metabolism and
accumulate in the human body.
Biological processes in any living organism develop over
generations upon constant exposure to environmental
challenges. However, human beings do not possess
mechanisms to excrete many toxins like microplastics
(detected in human blood recently). These toxins will
be the biggest threat to humanity and even lead to
human extinction.
In a cord blood study between 2007 and 2009, Rachel
Network and the Environmental Working Group
found 232 toxins in umbilical cord blood. Bisphenol
A, pesticides, preservatives, and industrial toxins are
significant cord blood components, which means human
embryos are developing in a toxic medium.
We hypothesise that these toxins are the major factors
that prevent the transfer of evolutionarily related
microbes into foetal intestines leading to significant
alterations in foetal and microbial shared gene pools,
thereby leading to epigenetic errors, autism and global
developmental delay.

14. Sometimes the children acquire a phylogenetically
different ecosystem and develop severe autism from
birth. In some cases, the children inherit evolutionarily
related microbes and a phylogenetically different
ecosystem, considered a susceptible microbiome.
Triggers like antibiotics depopulate these evolutionarily
related microbes, and children develop sudden onset of
epigenetic errors and land up in regressive autism.
Can you simplify autism for the common
public?
An understanding of the nervous system is essential
to know about autism. The nervous system is the
most sophisticated organ in the animal kingdom.
It is a command centre for any animal, which will
collect information from its surroundings, processes
the information, and gives commands to the body to
enact according to external stimulus. The capabilities
of nervous systems among animals are widely variable,
with varying sets of skills and increasing complexity.
Humans are at the pinnacle of evolution in the nervous
system, which has a very complex structure and
microarchitecture with very specialised brain cells
containing many brain proteins. The human brain
collects information from surroundings with sensory
organs like skin, ears, eyes, tongue, and nose, which
collect information and convert it into the chemical
message in the form of neurotransmitters and convey
the message to the central nervous system through
sensory neurons. The central nervous system processes
the information, plans a motor activity, and commands
the body to act accordingly. Apart from this primitive
skill, the human brain can think and reason, develop
memory, intellect, emotions, social skills, insight,
speech, language, etc.
The brain tissue with the highest capabilities has
a complex structure with specialised cells. Brain
development during the foetal stage consists of a
complex orchestra of events that require a wide range
of structural and functional components. Structural
proteins and functional proteins like neurotransmitters
are synthesised from their respective genes. The
epigenetic medium is crucial in running this complex
orchestra of events during brain development and its
function. As the epigenetic medium is affected due
to alteration in shared gene pools in autism, multiple
proteins are produced in unusual quantities (around 584
proteins are produced in excess, 558 proteins produced
in minor amounts, and around 833 structurally
abnormal proteins). This kind of abnormal protein
formation affects brain development.
Processes like neurogenesis, neuronal migration,
neuronal differentiation and microglial activation
are affected, leading to brain microarchitecture
abnormalities with an excess number of neurons
(brain cells), an extra number of synapses (connections
between brain cells), neuronal immaturity leading
to dysfunctional brain circuitry and underdeveloped
brain areas.
This underdevelopment can be widely variable among
affected individuals with a broad spectrum of impaired
brain functions. As this underdeveloped brain cannot
takepropersensoryinputsfromsensoryorgans,theyface
difficulty with external noises, lights, smells, textures,
etc. These are referred to as sensory issues. Along with
sensoryinputdeficits,informationprocessingandmotor
planning are also affected, so planned motor activities
and fine motor skills are underdeveloped. Hence, they
face problems using their fingers to do fine motor
activities. Thought, memory, intellect, language, speech
and many other functions are affected, so they cannot
process the social signals and have poor socialisation
and communication. Because of underdeveloped brain
tissues and dysfunctional circuitry, their brain has the
tendency to stimulate, which causes constant stimming

15. and repetitive behaviours. Symptoms are variable
according to the extent of underdevelopment of
brain tissues.
Currently, there is no established cause and no
proven treatment for autism. ABA, speech therapy
and occupational therapies are considered alternative
options to train the kids for daily life activities.
How is autism affecting the current and
upcoming generations?
☐ Children with autism have many co-morbid medical
conditions apart from autism symptoms, which puts
them in constant suffering. Medical professionals are
unaware of their medical conditions, and children
cannot communicate effectively. Most of the time,
they are undertreated.
☐
The availability of therapists or professionals
supporting autistic children is significantly less.
☐ Social stigma for families and enormous suffering for
parents, and lack of awareness about the condition
are the other significant problems with autism.
☐
With the growing number of autism incidence,
future predictions look fearsome and diabolical. For
example, some projections say that there will be an
incidence of 1 in 10 by 2050, which means every
pregnancy will be a nightmare.
What are the possibilities to reduce
autism incidence?
Autism research is a global responsibility today.
Governments and policymakers must focus on
preventing autism rather than research related to
managingautistickidswiththerapies.Exclusiveresearch
centres should be established. Plastic use, pesticide use,
and industrial toxin exposure should be minimised.
Strategies are to be made to identify pregnant women
with high toxin loads and apply detox protocols to
prevent autism. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), used for high-
risk pregnancies, can be considered an option to detox
pregnant women with a high toxin load.
What are the issues correlated with autism
that should be scrutinised to eliminate
further mishappenings?
According to our research, autism can be due to genetic
and non-genetic causes. Simmons Foundation’s Autism
Research Initiative and Simons Powering Autism
Researcharetwoevolvingdatasetsthatidentifiedaround
1200 genes responsible for autism. Autistic children
and parents must be screened for genetic abnormalities.
In case of genetic reasons, parents should be
counselled accordingly.
What are your views on combining current
modern pharma technology and Ayurveda
to eliminate medical issues?
Nature has gifted us with plenty of medicinal plants,
which are not being used in modern medicine. The
Pharma industry should extract active ingredients in
medicinal plants described in ancient ayurvedic texts
and use them in modern medicine with systematic
research to benefit humankind.
☐ Year of founding : 2020
☐ Founding members :
Dr Chandrashekhar Thodupunuri
& Dr Keerthi Sarabu
☐ Office locations :
Patancheru, Hyderabad
☐ Company strength :
Eight medical doctors, four
scientists, eight supporting staff
☐ Website : https://gsrt.co.in

16. Company Logo Company Name
Company
Management
Neo Inventronix G. S. Chakravarthy, Director
AdventSys Technologies
Private Limited
Suji Palanisamy, Director
Nyucel Wellness Navita Yadav, Rahul Babasaheb
Sawakhande
Nivaran Pain Relief Centre
Vaibhav Bhola and Himanshu Gupta
Himcure Pharmaceuticals
Pvt Ltd
Nadeema Begum, and Shumaila
Protech Telelinks Navdeep Dhingra, Founder
Portea Medical Meena Ganesh,
Co-Founder & Chairperson
Simply Herbal Yuvraj Soni, Founder
Smile in Hour LLP Dr Bharat Agravat, Founder & CMD
10 MOST DYNAMIC BUSINESS LEADERS
BUSINESS LEADERS
S
IN HEALTHCARE
E
AND LIFESCIENCE
E
INDUSTRY 2022
2
DYNAMIC

17. Company Description Website
Disruptive technocentric approach for medical &
healthcare industry http://www.neoinventronix.com/
Committed to empowering our customers with
a variety of software services and consulting that
makes a difference to their business operations
https://www.adventsys.in/atplnew/
Wellness with no synthetic chemicals for you and
nature is the approach for a better society https://nyucelwellness.com/
An umberella of doctors & specialists with best &
advanced Orthpedic & Spine care centre https://www.nivaran.org/
Providing the best of the ayurvedic products for a
better & healthy life http://www.himcure.com/index.html
On a mission to manufacture the finest and widest
range of pharmaceuticals at the best rates and
ensure health, which is wealth, of the nation.
http://protechtelelinks.com/
World-class medical care service at your doorstep,
aiming to make primary healthcare accessible &
affordable
https://www.portea.com/
Purely organic & plant based safe products to
ensure strong health https://www.simplyherbal.in/
Keeping your smile alive with high-tech medical
equipments https://www.smileinhour.com/
IN HEALTHCARE AND LIFESCIENCE INDUSTRY 2022

18. PRESS REALEASE
NEWS PROVIDED BY Swiftnlift Media
May 31, 2022, 21:00 ET
India, May 31, 2022 /SwiftnliftPR/ --Formulated Polymers Limited, an engineered materials
manufacturer situated in Chennai, India, has been purchased by Ascend Performance Materials.
Ascend’s first production plant in South Asia will be established as a result of this acquisition.
“The team at FPL has a 30-year track record of providing high-performance compounds to
customers across the subcontinent,” said Dharm Vahalia, Ascend’s managing director for India.
In Chennai, Ascend has completed the purchase of a plant

19. Workflow solutions for PR / CSR / MARKETING
www.swiftnlift.com
Copyright © 2021 Swiftnlift. All rights reserved
“We’re excited to welcome them to Ascend and expand the variety of services accessible to
consumers in India.”
Ascend’s Dharm Vahalia, managing director for India, and Mark Power, strategy and growth
director, cut the ribbon on the company’s purchase in Chennai, India.
The factory will continue to create Ascend’s Starflam® flame-retardant engineered materials, and
the company is preparing to start producing its other products.
Ascend’s senior vice president for polyamides, Isaac Khalil, explained, “Our approach has been
to increase our manufacturing footprint and product offering in step with our customers’ growth
roadmaps.” “South Asia is a critical component of that expansion.”
Details of the deal were not disclosed.
About Ascend Performance Materials
Ascend Performance Materials makes high-performance materials for everyday essentials and
new technologies. Our focus is on improving quality of life and inspiring a better tomorrow through
innovation. Based in Houston, Texas, and with regional offices in Shanghai, Brussels and Detroit,
we are a fully integrated material solutions provider with global manufacturing facilities in North
America, Europe and China. Our 2,800-person global workforce makes the plastics, fabrics, fibers and
chemicals used to make safer vehicles, cleaner energy, better medical devices, smarter appliances
and longer-lasting apparel and consumer goods. We are committed to safety, sustainability and the
success of our customers and our communities.
Learn more about Ascend at
www.ascendmaterials.com.
Contact: Ally Jahn, +1 713-210-9809,
ajahn@ascendmaterials.com
SOURCE Ascend Performance Materials
Media Contact
Sam Mathew
Media Co-ordinator
SwiftNLift PR
Contact No: +1 614 356 7742
m.sam@swiftnlift.com

20. Is GMO an option for food
security ?
G
enetically modified organism (GMO) means
the modification in the laboratory. It includes a
range of organisms from insects to large animals
and plants. GMOs produce for more commercial
benefits. Common examples of GMOs are corn,
cotton, soya etc.
Breeding selects a species to generate offspring with
desirable qualities that have long use in conventional
livestock production, crop farming, and even pet
breeding. In genetic modification, recombinant genetic
technologies are used to create organisms with genomes.
It has precisely altered at the molecular level, typically
by the inclusion of genes from unrelated species of
organisms that code for traits. It would not easy to
obtain through conventional selective breeding.
How is it done?
Recombinant DNA technology and reproductive
cloning are used in the production of genetically
modified organisms. In genetic modification, the
genome is engineered with the gene of interest in
the laboratory.
Recombinant DNA technology involves the insertion of
individual gene/s from an organism of one species into
the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of another. And in
reproductive cloning, a nucleus is removed from a cell
of the individual to be cloned. Then it is inserted into the
enucleated cytoplasm of a host egg (an enucleated egg is
an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed). It results
in the generation of genetically identical offspring to the
donor individual.
20 MAY 2022 SwiftNLift

21. Controversy
The GMO product controversy remains the same state.
Special the environmental and natural living groups
deny the GMOS. Their opinion is that the genetic
modification may affect human health in unpredictable
ways. And the long-term effects of GMOs are another
concern. On the other hand, most of the research shows
there is no adverse impact of GMOs.
Importance of GMO
Some benefits of GMOs are as follows:
■ The production of crops on large scale is possible.
■ The GM crops are disease resistant
■ It can be rich in nutrients.
■ The production process is speedy
Benefits of GMOs
Some healthy benefits pose by GMOs are as follows:
☐ Healthy food
GMOs are produces a higher yield, nutrient
rich food, disease resistant. So it can give more
healthy food to the consumer. The people living in
poverty or who can not access nutritious food can
easily consume healthy food through genetically
modified plants.
☐ Reduce the passage of harmful chemicals
Disease-resistant crop reduces the use of chemical
fertilizers on farms. Ultimately it helps to reduce the
passage of harmful chemicals in the human body
and the environment.
☐ Environmental benefits
GMO crop reduces some farm activity like the use
of fertilizers, and soil tilling which further benefits
the environment.
GMO and Environment
Genetically modified crops have both positive as well
as negative impacts on the environment.
☐ Negative impact
■ It reduces the biodiversity of insects and GMOs are
insect resistant
■ Unexpected impact on other plants and animals
■ It can induce more weed
■
Transmission of the modified gene into
native species.
The impact of each modified crop is different. So
thorough research is important.
☐ Positive impact
The genetically modified crop may reduce the use of
harmful chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides that
pollute the environment.
21
MAY 2022 SwiftNLift

22. Example of GMO
The examples of GMOs countrywide give below:
■ USA - Cotton, Alfalfa, Canola, Maize, Papaya,
Soybean, Sugar beet
■ South Africa- Cotton, Maize, Soybean
■ China- Cotton, Papaya, Poplar, Sweet
pepper, Tomato
■ Canada- Canola, Maize, Papaya, Soybean,
Sugar beet
■ Mexico- Cotton, Soybean
■ Myanmar- Cotton
■ Argentina -Cotton, Maize, Soybean
■ Brazil- Cotton, Maize, Soybean
■ Australia- Canola, Carnation, Cotton
■ India - Cotton
Threat of GMO
There is some concern about GMOs.
☐ The toxin in Plants
Some plants have a little number of toxins. GMO
plants may have different balances of toxins which
may lead to disease in humans. Specific concerns for
cancer and infertility. But the research in this field is
very limiting.
☐ Environmental Harm
If GMOs alter the way of another organism, they
can cause environmental damage. Environmental
damage further leads to climate change, food
shortage and threat to native species, etc.
☐ Lack of research
There is limited research done in this field. Most of
the research did up on the short or medium-term
impact of the GMOs. Long-term effects of GMOs are
still unfocused.
Final thought
GMOstechnologyisatthemiddle-stageofdevelopment.
The log-term impact of GMOs has to be study before its
use. After getting full proof report of GMOs one can
decide whether it is a good solution to food security or
not. Till then it remains the question.
22 MAY 2022 SwiftNLift

26. Application o
f Nanotechnology
in medical science
N
anotechnologyisacomparativelynewbranchof
science and technology. It deals with designing
a structure or device by manipulating atoms
and molecules at the nanoscale. The nanoscale has one
or more dimensions of the order of 100 nanometers or
less. The various applications of nanotechnology have a
significant impact on society.
Nanotechnology is already used in industrial sectors
like information and communications, but it is also
used in food technology, energy technology, and
some medicinal items and treatments. Nanomedicine
is the term used for the use of nanotechnology in
different areas of medicine. Nanomaterials may
potentially open up new avenues for reducing the
environmental pollution.
Applications in Medical Science
There are many applications of nanotechnology in
medical science. Some of them are under trial and some
are already implemented in the medical field.
☐ Nanotechnology in drug delivery
Nanoparticles are utilized in nanotechnology for
site-specific medication delivery.
The required medicine dose is employed in this
procedure, and side effects are considerably reduced
because the active substance is only deposited in the
morbid region. This highly selective technique has
the potential to cut costs and pain for patients. A
wide range of nanoparticles, such as dendrimers and
nanoporous materials are in use.
26 MAY 2022 SwiftNLift

27. One contemporary application of nanotechnology
in medicine is the use of nanoparticles to deliver
medications, heat, light, or other substances to
certain types of cells (such as cancer cells). Particles
are created to attract damaged cells, allowing for
direct treatment of specific cells. This approach
protects healthy cells in the body and enables
earlier illness identification. For cancer treatment,
various nanomaterials are used like carbon
nanotubes, Dendrimers, Nanoparticles, Nanoshells,
nanowires etc.
☐ Diagnosis
It detects cancer cells in the bloodstream using
antibodies coupled to carbon nanotubes in
semiconductors. A technique for detecting kidney
disease is being developed. The approach employs
gold nonfoods that have been functionalized to bind
to the type of protein produced by damaged kidneys.
When protein builds up on the nanorod, the color
of the nanorod changes. The test is intended to be
performed fast and cheaply to detect an issue as soon
as possible. Nanotechnology in the treatment of
neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease,
Alzheimer’s disease, Tuberculosis treatment
☐ Antibacterial treatment
The technique is developed to kill the bacteria with
gold nanoparticles.
☐ Ophthalmology
The goal of nanomedicine is to monitor, control,
build, repair, defend, and improve human biological
systems at the molecular level using nanodevices and
nanostructures that act massively in parallel at the
unit cell level to provide a medical benefit.
Nanomedicine uses nanotechnology principles such
as biomimicry and pseudo intelligence. Treatment
of oxidative stress; measurement of intraocular
pressure; theragnostic; use of nanoparticles for
treatment of choroidal new vessels, scar prevention
after glaucoma surgery, and treatment of retinal
degenerative disease using gene therapy; prosthetics;
and regenerative nanomedicine are some of the
applications to ophthalmology.
☐ Tissue engineering
Nanotechnology can be used in tissue engineering
to replicate or repair damaged tissues. Artificially
induced cell proliferation, using appropriate
nanomaterial-based scaffolds and growth factors,
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28. can be effective in organ transplants or artificial
implant therapy, which can lead to life extension.
☐ Protein detection
Protein is the important part for human welbeing.
Gold particles are commonly used to identify protein
- protein interaction.
Applications in other fields
There are many other fields where nanotechnology is
used. Some of these include:
■ Electronics
■ Food
■ Space
■ solar cell
■ Fuel
■ Environmental remediation
Advantages
Nanotechnology has the following advantages in the
use of medical science.
■ Nanomaterial protects the drug from degradation
till it reaches the target
■ Nanotechnology promotes the absorption of the
drug into cancerous cells
■ It prevents the drug from interacting with
normal cell
Because of their increased surface area and nanoscale
effects, nanomaterials are used as a promising technique
for the improvement of drug and gene delivery,
biomedical imaging, and diagnostic biosensors.
Compared to their larger counterparts, nanomaterials
have distinct physicochemical and biological features.
Nanomaterials have an unusual size, shape, chemical
composition, surface structure, charge, and solubility.
Because of these features, nanomaterials can profoundly
influence their interactions with biomolecules and cells.
Disadvantages
Along with advantages, nanotechnology poses some
disadvantages also.
■ It is a very costly technique, development cost
is high.
■ The manufacturing of various nanomaterials is a
difficult task.
Final thought
Nanotechnology is advanced technology developing
almost in all sectors. The continuous research in
this field enables the interesting application in
medical science.
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32. F
oodspoilingistheprocessbywhichfooddeteriorates
to the point where it is no longer edible to humans
or loses its edibility quality. Among the many
factors microorganism is one also responsible for food
spoilage. A microorganism/ microbes are a microscopic
organism made up of a single cell (unicellular), cell
clusters, or multicellular highly complex organisms.
Food spoilage and its impact
Food losses are a critical issue. It is of concern to reduce
hunger,increaseincome,andenhancefoodsecurityinthe
world’s poorest countries. Food loss has impact on poor
people’s food security, food quality and safety, economic
development, and the environment. The precise causes of
food losses differ. Worldwide and are very dependent on
the individual variables and local scenarios in a certain
area. Crop production decisions and patterns, internal
infrastructure, and other factors impact the food losses.
Food loss has to be minimum in any country. Food loss
indicates the wastage of resources. The post-harvest fruit
and vegetable loss is high in the world.
Food spoilage by microbes
Bacteria are the most common cause of food spoilage
because they can grow in a wide range of settings;
nonetheless, bacteria are beneficial for the fermentation
of pickles, milk products, and some fermented vegetable
products. Bacteria cannot thrive in water with an activity
level of less than 0.91 and require a neutral pH (6.5-7) to
induce food spoiling (e.g. milk, meat, green vegetables,
fruits, etc.)
Some bacteria can create spores, making them highly
heat resistant, and others can produce heat-resistant
poisons. Intake of such damaged food may cause food
borne disease. Gram-positive bacteria that cause food
spoiling include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp,
Clostridiumspp,Lacticacidbacteria(LAB),Leuconostoc
spp, Streptococcus spp, Brochothrix spp, Weissella spp,
Food spoilage by Microbes
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33. Mycobacterium bovis, and others.
Gram-negative bacteria also cause food spoilage. Gram-
negative bacteria include Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.,
Vibrio spp., Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni,
Yersinia enterocolitis, Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii,
Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas shigelloides. Off-odors
and off-flavors, discolorations, gas production, slime
development, and pH reductions in food are all caused
by these bacteria.
Microbes present in the food
Following are the common microorganisms present in
the food.
☐ Fungi
Fungi are the most common group of microbes
present in food and also play a great role in food
spoilage. It divides into mold and yeast.
Yeast does not produce toxic secondary metabolites.
Yeast is beneficial for the fermentation process. They
form colonies with high sugar and salt content and
eventually contribute to food spoilage.Molds are
filamentous fungi. It is important in recycling dead
plants and animals, but it also attacks food material.
It causes off-flavor, mycotoxins contamination,
discoloration and rotting.
☐ Protozoa
It is associated with the food-borne and water-borne
spread of diseases. It is a one-celled microorganism.
Entamoeba histolytica, Cyclospora cayetanensis is
some common food borne parasites.
☐ Algae
Though algae are one of the sources of nutrition,
they also cause food spoilage. They poison the water
supply with their toxin, which accumulates in fish
and marine life. When humans consume such fish or
other marine life, they become unwell as a result of
foodborne illness. Some examples include onyaulax
catenella, Gonyaulax tamarensis, Ptychodiscus brevis,
Microcystis aeruginosa and Blue-green Algae.
☐ Viruses
Viruses need host cells to replicate. Food and water
act as a carrier for them to transfer from one to
another host.
Prevention of food spoilage
Some common methods used to prevent food spoilage
are as follows:
☐ Drying
It is one of the ancient food preservation techniques.
In this method, water content is reduced to present
bacterial growth.
☐ Refrigeration
In refrigeration preservation, food is preserved by
slowing down bacterial activity.
☐ Vacuum packing
By vacuum packing the oxygen supply to
microorganisms is cut off to preserve the food.
☐ Preservation (salt, sugar)
Salting draws the moisture from the food. Some
additives can also be used to stop food spoilage.
Pickling is one of the ancient methods used to
preserve food.
☐ Canning
It involves the cooking or steaming of containers to
kill the microorganism. Food varies in temperature to
prevent spoilage. For example strawberries, high acid
content fruit require short boiling to prevent spoilage.
☐ Pasteurization
Food materials like milk can preserve by this method.
☐ Smoking
The smoking method is used to increase the shelf life
of perishable food items. In this method, the food
material is exposed to smoke. Mostly meat and fish are
preserved by this method. Few fruits and vegetables
like paprika, cheeses, spices, and ingredients for
making drinks such as malt and tea leaves are also
preserved by this method.
Final thought
There are microorganisms present everywhere around
the world. Microorganisms are beneficial and sometimes
cause an adverse impact. The various methods can help
to enhance the food quality.
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36. Machine learning in
pharmacology
S
ets of mathematical algorithms that define
the relationships between variables – are the
foundation of machine learning techniques.
Computation improves various critical areas of clinical
research in general, and AI-based methods offer even
more uses for researchers. Despite not being widely
used yet, machine-learning algorithms are already
influencing various fields of clinical research, such as
recognizing the value of massive data.
Application
The applications of machine learning are as follows:
☐ Personalized medicine
Personalized treatments are more successful when
individual health combine with predictive analytics.
It is also grown for additional research and better
disease assessment. Currently, physicians are
confined to choosing from a limited number of
diagnoses or estimating the patient’s risk based on his
clinical history and accessible genetic information.
However, machine learning in medicine is
making significant progress. In the next few years,
the biosensor and devices based on Machine
learning will form with sophisticated health
measurement capacities.
☐ Reconstructing disease
Clinical researchers may “reconstruct the basic
mechanisms of disease” by combining machine
learning with multimodal datasets and nearly
unlimited computing power, according to Colin
Hill, CEO and co-founder of GNS Healthcare.
GNS Healthcare’s AI-powered simulation platform
Gemini, for example, provides a computer
model of the course of multiple myeloma and
treatment responses.
This model “harnesses the power of causal machine
learning and simulation and in-depth clinical and
genomic patient data, to enable pharma companies
to simulate drug response at the individual
patient level.
36 MAY 2022 SwiftNLift

37. ☐ Hypothesis testing
In this field of medical research, predicting the
results for a particular scenario is no easy task. By
combining information from clinicians and data-
science tools, including machine learning, the
researcher can develop a hypothesis, model it and
iteratively replicate the process.
☐ Recruiting patients
In clinical research recruiting patients is challenging.
In this challenge, machine learning can help
the researcher.
☐ Big data
Beforetheuseofmachinelearning,thelargedatabase
for clinical research may limit to a hundred patients
only due to storage of data was the problem. Machine
learning solved this problem.
☐ Diagnosis
Machine learning can use to diagnose the images. It
gives very accurate results.
One of the most important applications in healthcare
is the diagnosis of diseases and conditions that are
otherwise difficult to diagnose.
This can include anything from malignancies that
are difficult to detect in their early stages to other
hereditaryillnesses.IBMWatsonGenomicsisaprime
illustration of how combining cognitive computing
with genome-based tumour sequencing might aid
in cancer diagnosis. Berg, a biopharmaceutical
behemoth, uses AI to produce therapeutic solutions
in areas such as oncology.
☐ Improving prognostics
Machine learning can use to forecast a patient’s
prognosis in addition to diagnosing diseases. Cancer
is frequently the first use that springs to mind.
☐ Drug discovery and manufacturing
Machine learning is implemented at the primary
stage of the drug discovery process. It also includes
the R&D in gene sequencing and alternative path
finding for multifactorial diseases.
Currently, machine learning techniques use
unsupervised learning to find patterns in data
without making predictions. Microsoft’s Project
Hanover is utilizing ML-based technologies for
various activities, including the development of
AI-based technology for cancer therapy and the
personalization of drug combinations for AML
(Acute Myeloid Leukemia).
☐ Outbreak prediction
Machine learning and AI-based technology can use
in predicting the outbreak of epidemics around the
world. Presently, scientists easily access huge data
collected by satellite, real-time social media etc.
The artificial neural network enables us to relate
the information and prediction of the outbreak of
everything around the world.
☐ Clinical Trial and research
Machine learning offers a number of possible
applications in clinical trials and research. Clinical
studies, as anyone in the pharmaceutical sector
will tell you, are expensive in terms of both time
and money, and can take years to complete in
many situations.
Using machine learning-based predictive analytics to
identify possible clinical trial participants can assist
researchers in creating a pool from a wide range of
data sources, such as previous doctor visits, social
media, and so on. Machine learning has also been
used to ensure real-time monitoring and data access
for trial participants, as well as to determine the
appropriate sample size to be tested and to leverage
the potential of electronic records to eliminate data-
based errors.
☐ Better Radiotherapy
One of the most important uses of machine learning
is in the field of radiology.
☐ Use in behavioral modification
Behavioral modification is a key element of
preventative medicine, and with the expansion of
machine learning in healthcare, a slew of startups
have sprung up in the sectors of cancer prevention
and detection, patient treatment, and so on.
Final thought
The present article gives you an overall idea of the use
of machine learning for medicinal purposes. Also, the
futureperspectivesofMachinelearninginthemedicinal
revolution are highlighted in this article.
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