The document discusses various topics related to ethics, regulatory bodies, and legal issues in nursing. It provides information on the composition and functions of ethics committees. It also outlines the aims, functions, and mechanisms of nursing regulatory bodies. Various codes of ethics for nurses in India are discussed. Key principles of ethics, elements of the ICN code of ethics, and types of laws (civil, criminal) are summarized. Legal issues related to nursing practice such as negligence, malpractice, and patient rights are also covered.

1. Susmita Halder
M.Sc. Nursing 2nd Year
CON BSMC, Bankura

2. –Ethics are the rules or principles that
govern right conduct and are designed
to protect the rights of human being.
–Sister Nancy
Ethics

4. • Chairperson, preferably outside of institution
• A deputy chairman, if needed
• 1-2 basic medical scientists
• 1 legal expert or retired judge
• 1 social scientist, representative of NGO
• Nurse
• One philosopher/ethicist/theologian
• 1 lay person from community
• Member-secretary, belongs to same institution
• Subject expert from related discipline

5. Duration-
Constituted by HOD, initially for 2-3 years
Meetings-
Committee meetings held on scheduled
intervals as prescribed and also as when
required.

6. •Research
•Quality of care
•Education
•Other roles
Functions
and
activities of
Ethical
Committee

7. Code of Ethics
A code of ethics is a set of ethical
principles that are accepted by all
members of the profession.
-Potter & Perry

8. Key Principles of Ethics in Health Care System
Autonomy
Fidelity
Justice
Non-
maleficence
Beneficence
Veracity
Deontological

9. THE ICN CODE OF
ETHICS
FOR NURSES(1993)

10. Elements of
ICN Code of
Ethics for
Nurses

11. Code of Ethics &
Professional Conduct
• To inform both the Nurses and society of the
minimum standard for professional conduct.
• To provide regulatory bodies a basis for decisions
regarding standards of professional conducts
• To help to protect the right individuals, families,
and community and also the rights of the Nurse.

12. Code of Ethics for nurses in india
• The nurse respects the uniqueness of individual in
provision of care
• The nurse respects the rights of individual as partners in
care and help in making informed choices.
• The nurse respects individual’s right to privacy
maintains confidentiality and shares information
judiciously.

13. Code of Ethics for nurses in india
• Nursing maintains competence in order to render quality
nursing care.
• The nurse is obliged to practice within framework of
ethical, professional, legal boundaries.
• Nurse is obliged to work harmoniously with members of
the health team.
• Nurse is obliged to reciprocate the trust invested in
nursing profession by society.

14. Code of professional conduct
for nurses(INDIA)
Professional responsibility and accountability Nurse
Nursing Practice
Communication and IPR
Valuing human being
Management
Professional advancement

15. LEGAL SYSTEM

16. Types of
Laws
Civil Laws
Criminal
Laws

17. Sources
of Laws

18. Tort
Unintentional
Negligence
Malpractice
Breach of
duty
Intentional
Assault
False
imprisonment
Battery
Quasi-
intentional
Defamation
Slander
Libel
Fraud
Invasion of
privacy

19. • Do report and document all unusual incidents
• Do follow policies and procedures as per agency
guidelines.
• Do keep current year to practice.
• Do perform procedures that are within standard scope of
practice.
• Do protect patient from injury

20. • Do not work as a nurse in state which you are not
licensed.
• Do not advice that is contrary to doctor’s order or nursing
care plan.

21. An obligation that legally binds an
individual or company to settle a debt.

22. • Product Liability
• Strict liability
• Vicarious liability
• Public Liability

23. Classification
of accounting
Liabilities
Current
liabilities
Long-term
liabilities

24. Nursing Shortage
Health Care Reform
Low Salaries
Standard Care

25. Management issues
Turnover
Funding
Workload
Issues regarding malpractice in nursing management
Ethics
Effect
Issues in nursing curriculum development
Collaborative issues

26. Nursing Shortage Nursing Migration
Right to work and
right to practice
Exploitation and
discrimination
Essential terms
and conditions in
an employment
contract
Unsatisfactory
work performance
and termination of
employment
Misconduct and
imposition of
punishment
Sexual harassment
at workplace
Renewal of
nursing
registration
Diploma vs degree
in nursing for
registration to
practice
Specialization in
clinical area
Nursing care
standards

27. Medico-legal issues

28. Legal issues specific to Nursing Practice
Duty to seek
medical care
for patient
Confidentiality
Permission to
treat
Informed
consent
Advanced
directives
Negligence Malpractice Fraud
Assault and
battery
False
imprisonment
Invasion of
privacy
Nursing
practice act
Patient’s
advocate
Report it or tort
it
Rights to
privacy
Documentation

29. Surgery wrong
site
Wrong
diagnosis
Overlooked
sponges
instruments
needles
Burns
Injury due
defective
apparatus or
supplies
Informed
consent

30. Legal issues in speciality practice areas of
obstetrical nursing
Failure to diagnose
a high risk
pregnancy
Delay or failure in
performing C
section
Improper vaginal
delivery
Improper use of
forceps
Incidence
surrounding
including labour
and the use of
oxytocin
Delay in arriving at
the hospital
No attendance at
the delivery
Failure in adequate
monitoring
Abortions Prenatal Screening
Informed consent Surrogacy
Fetal tissue
research
In vitro fertilization

31. Legal issues in speciality practice areas of
paediatric nursing
Informed
consent, prenatal
permission and
assent
Treatment of
critically ill
children
Transition from
‘care’ to ‘cure’
Withholding and
withdrawing life
sustaining
treatments
Disabled new-
borns and LSMT
Declaring death
and organ
donation
Artificial
insemination
Single parents
Surrogated
motherhood
Perinatal HIV
infection

32. Admission Discharge Informed consent
Medicines Use of Restraints
Suicide committed
by patient in in
patient department

33. Nursing
Practice Act
Client’s rights
Societal
obligations
Professional
Responsibilities
Professional
Ethics
Cost Benificial
analysis
Right to Health
Care

34. Regulation is about the improving standards
of education for nursing standards of
practice and care of patients which is
concerned with the position and status of
nursing profession in the society and the
power of the profession to govern its affairs

35. Efficiency and
economy
Role of
management
Proportionality
Innovation
International
character
Competition

36. Regulatory Body
Meaning and Definition
A regulatory body is an external organization that has been empowered by
legislation to supervise and control the educational process and outputs. Its
primary purpose is to protect the interest of the public. These are the
authorized bodies to make rules and regulations. Statutory bodies give this
authority. Health professionals such as nurses, doctors, pharmacists, and
many others are regulated and licensed by regulatory bodies as required by
legislation. All nurses are required to register and get licensure to practice
with State Nursing Regulatory Body.

37. Aims of Regulatory Bodies of Nursing
 The setting, monitoring, and enforcing essential standards
 Improving and sustaining education, training, and practice
 Providing a framework for nursing practice
 Providing legitimacy, protection, and support to nurses
 Promoting regulation of the profession
 Encouraging nurses to participate in and influence public debate on health policy
 Ensuring that each of its practitioners is accountable to the public for nursing practice
 Providing comparable labor regulations to guarantee and safeguard the working and
systems of remuneration for practitioners.

38. Function of nursing regulatory body
Accreditation
Lisensure
Setting
standards
Developing
Code
Setting
registration
norms
Setting criteria
for expanding
scope of practice
Ensuring
public
practice and
safety
Taking
appropiate
actions under
defaulter

39. Nursing regulatory mechanisms
• Accreditation
• Nursing Licensure
• Components of Nursing Practice Act
• Entry into practice
• Renewal of Licensure

40. MAJOR NURSING PROFESSIONALASOCIATION REGULATORY BODIES
Regulatory Bodies Professional Associations Others Associations
 International council of
nurses
 Indian nursing council
 State registration council
 Trained Nurses
Association of India
 Student Nurses
Association
 Health visitor’s League
 Midwives and Auxillary
Nurse Midwives
Association
 Nursing Research Society
of India
 State Nursing Associations
 Commonwealth Nurses
Federation
 The Christian Nurses
League
 The catholic Nurses’ Guild
of India
 The Indian Red Cross
Society

41. INTERNATIONAL PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS: INTERNATIONAL JBOUNCIL OF NURSES
(ICN)
ICN Organizational Chart
Council of national representatives (CNR).1 voting member from each of the 124 member associations.
↓
ICN board of directors. 15 members elected by CNR.
↓
ICN personnel

42. Function
1. To provide policy directions to fulfil the objectives of ICN
2. To establish categories of membership and determine their rights and obligations.
3. To act upon recommendations of the board of directors relating to admission and readmission of member
associations into ICN.
4. To receive and consider information from the board regarding ICN activities.
5. To receive nominees for the board and to elect the board.
6. To act upon proposed amendments to ICN constitution.
7. To act upon recommendation of the board of directors for the amount of NNA's dues.
8. To act through mail or any written communication on ICN business that requires immediate attention.

43. The Indian Nursing Council is a statutory body constituted
under the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947. It was
established in 1949. The council is responsible for
regulation and Maintenance of a uniform standard of
training for nurses, Midwives, Auxiliary Nurses Midwives
and Health visitors.

44.  State registration council.
 Central of state health department.
 Military Nursing Services.
 Indian Red Cross Society.
 Colleges and of schools of Nursing.
 Health Schools & PC schools.
 Trained Nurses association of India (TNAI).
 Medical Council of India.
 Indian medical association (IMA).
 Members of Parliament.

45. Organizational
structure
President
↓
Vice president
↓
Secretary
↓
Assistant secretary
↓
Office staff

46. State Nursing Registration Council
Functions of the Registrar of the State Nursing Council
 To draw a programme for examinations of various < types of educational programmes at all centres at the same
time.
 To prepare a time schedule for written and practical examinations, to prepare Roll number sheets of students and
send them to various examination centres.
 After examiners have drawn the question papers, to get them printed under strict confidential atmosphere.
 To prepare examination results and communicate the results to concerned institutions.
 To prepare the diploma certificates and registration certificates of nurses who have been qualified for both.
 To arrange for inspections to ascertain that the institutions are carrying out the educational programmes as per
syllabus, conditions and rules and regulations laid down by State Council,

47. TRAINED NURSES ASSOCATION OF INDIA (TNAI)
FUNCTION
1.To establish functions, standards and qualifications for nursing practice
2.To enunciate standards of nursing education and implement these through appropriate channels
3.To enunciate standards of nursing service and implement these through appropriate channels
4.To establish a code of ethical conduct fpr practitioners
5. To stimulate and promote research designed to increase the knowledge on which the practice of nursing is based
6.To promote legislation and speak for nurses in regard to legislative action
7. To promote and protect the economic welfare of nurses.
8.To provide for the continuing professional development of practitioners
9. To promote the general health and welfare of the public through all association programs, relationships and
activities

48. STUDENT NURSES ASSOCIATIONS (S.N.A.)
Activities of S.N.A
A. Organization of meetings & conferences
B. Maintenance of diary
C. Exhibition
D. Public speaking and writing
E. Project undertaking
F. Propagation of nursing profession
G. Fund raising
H. Socio cultural and recreation activities
Other activities

50. Consumer Protection Act(CPA)
• Education
• Safety
• Choose
• Information
• Redressal
• Heard
CONSUMER
RIGHTS

51. Organizational
setup under CPA
Advisory
bodies(Councils)
Central consumer
protection Council
State Councils
District Council
Adjudicatory bodies
(Redressal Agency)
National Consumer
Disputes Redressal
Commission
State Commission
District Forum

52. Rights of special groups: Children, Women, HIV, Handicapped,
aging

53. • Right to develop in an atmosphere of affection and
security and protection against all forms of neglect cruelty
exploitation and traffic
• Right to enjoy benefits of social security including nutrition
housing and medical care
• Right to Name and nationality
• Right to free education
• Full opportunity for play and recreation

54. • Right to special treatment education and appropriate care if
handicapped
• Right to be among the first to receive protection and relief in the
times of disaster
• Right to learn to be useful member of society and to develop
healthy and normal manner in conditions of freedom and dignity
• Right to be brought up in a spirit of understanding tolerance
friendship among people peace and universal brotherhood
• Right to enjoy these rights regardless of race colour sex religion
national or social origin

55. • Constitutional privileges
• Legal Provisions
– The crimes identified under Indian penal code
• Rape
• Kidnapping and abduction for different purposes
• Homecide for dowry
• Dowry deaths or their attempts
• Torture mental and physical
• Molestation and sexual harassment importation of girls the crimes
identified under special laws
• ESI act

56. • Family courts act Hindu marriage act
• Hindu succession act with amendment in 2005 immoral traffic act
• the maternity benefit act
• dowry prohibition act
• medical termination of pregnancy act
• contract labor
• equal remuneration act
• prohibition of child marriage act
• criminal laws act
• factories act
• commission of sati act
• protection of women from domestic violence act

57. • Liberty
• autonomy
• security of the person and freedom of movement
• HIV testing confidentiality and privacy
• health and support services
• public benefits from medical schemes and insurance
• education on HIV and AIDS responsibility of media
• right of safer sex

58. • General legal provisions
• disabled and the constitution education law for the
disabled
• health law family laws succession laws for the disabled
• labour laws for the disabled
• judicial procedure for disabled
• income tax concessions

59. • Government protections
• National policy for older persons on January 13 1999
• Pension fund construction of old age homes and day care
centers for 3-4 districts
• Concessional rail or air fares for travel
• Enacting legislation for ensuring compulsory geriatric care
in all public hospitals

60. Accountability
It is a guideline for answerability which
motivates precautionary behaviour which caters
social welfare

61. A Typology of
Moral
Accountability
• Malice
• Recklessness
• Negligence
• Incompetence
• Competence
• Due diligence
• Dutiful
• Supererogatory
behaviour

62. Strategies for building Professional
responsibility and accountability

63. Responsible
Accountable
Consulted
Informed
Tool 1: How to hold people responsible and
accountable using RACI Chart

64. • S1: TEACHING
• (High directive; High Supportive)
D1: Low competence high
commitment
• S2: COACHING
• (High directive; Low Supportive)
D2: Some competence low
commitment
• S3: SUPPORTING
• (Low directive; High Supportive)
D3: High competence
variable commitment
• S4 : EMPOWERING
• (Low directive; Low Supportive)
D4: High competence high
commitment
Tool 2: Using situational leadership to build
environments of accountability
According to Blanchard, category of employees

65. • Positive reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement
Consequences
that move
behaviour:
• Punishment
Consequences
that will ‘stop’
omission
Tool 3: Performance management : Applying
natural consequences to improve
accountability

66. Concept of Responsibility
Four-Fold definition of responsibility
Casual
Responsibility
Liability
Responsibility
Role
Responsibility
Moral
Responsibility

67. Barriers to responsibility and accountability
• The Social Psychology of Identification of one’s role in
social interaction (The Zimbardo Experiment)
• Obedience to authority in social context (The Milgram
Experiment)
• The problem of many hands
• Diffusion of responsibility
• Risky shift phenomena

68. Space Ventilation Scrub areas
Air-borne
isolation
rooms

69. Prevention and control
of infection of staff-
health
Hand washing
Protocol
Sibling Visits Dress Code
General Housekeeping
Cleaning &
disinfecting Patient
care equipment
Linen and Laundering
facilities
Prevention of
nosocomical infections