Substance and drug abuse

1. Substance and Drug abuse
Presented by:
Hira Pahari (13)
Ritu Adhikari (26)
Susmita Dahal(39)
2nd year, 3rd sem
BPH, 11th batch
Presented to:
Dr. Tulsi Ram Bhandari
Associate Professor
Pokhara University

2. Introduction
› Substance abuse: the harmful or hazardous use of
psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit
drugs.
› Includes;
drug abuse
alcohol abuse (excessive use of alcohol which have
negative results and is often a step away from
dependence and addiction)
tobacco abuse

3. › Drug abuse: habitual use of drugs not needed for
therapeutic purposes, solely to alter one’s mood, affect,
or state of consciousness, or to affect a boy function
unnecessarily (as in laxative abuse).
› Includes drugs like;
1. Depressants (heroine, morphine)
2. Hallucinogen (marijuana, LSD)
3. Stimulants (cocaine and amphetamines)
4. Opiates (morphine, cocaine)

4. Current situation and burden
› WDR 2019: 35 million people worldwide suffer from
drug use disorders while only 1 in 7 people receive
treatment.
› In 2017, around 53.4 million people worldwide had used
opioids.
› Cannabis, with an estimated 188 million people having
used the drug in 2017.
› The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 estimated that,
globally, in 2017, there were 585,000 deaths and 42
million years of “healthy” life lost as a result of the use
of drugs.
Source : https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2019/June/world-drug-report-2019

5. › In 2017, estimated global illicit manufacture of cocaine
reached an all-time high of 1,976 tons ( by 25 % on
the previous year).
› About 150,000 people are abusing drugs in Nepal (52
% are in the age group 15-24 years.
› It is said that drug addicts commit more than 50
million crimes a year in the world.
Source: https://thehimalayantimes.com/opinion/drug-addiction-it-is-a-health-
concern/?fbclid=IwAR1M0Os_HiE9hqrwWqw14nYCcJ7w7oF-u6_EBJ851W73JfysliFmfntuFLY

6. Sign and symptoms
› Giving up past activities such as sports, homework, or
hanging out with new friends
› Declining grades
› Aggressiveness and irritability
› A significant change in mood or behavior
› Forgetfulness
› Disappearing money or valuables
› Feeling rundown, hopeless, depressed, or even suicidal

7. › Sounding selfish and not caring about others
› Use of room deodorizers and incense
› Paraphernalia such as baggies, small boxes, pipes, and
rolling paper
› Physical problems with unclear cause (for example, red
eyes and slurred speech)
› Getting drunk or high on drugs on a regular basis
› Lying, particularly about how much alcohol or other
drugs he or she is using

8. › Avoiding friends or family in order to get drunk or
high
› Planning drinking in advance, hiding alcohol, and
drinking or using other drugs alone
› Having to drink more to get the same high
› Believing that in order to have fun you need to drink or
use other drugs
› Frequent hangovers
› Pressuring others to drink or use other drugs

9. › Taking risks, including sexual risks
› Having "blackouts," forgetting what he or she did the
night before
› Constantly talking about drinking or using other drugs
› Getting in trouble with the law
› Drinking and driving
› Suspension or other problems at school or in the
workplace for an alcohol- or drug-related incident

10. Causes
1. Familial causes
› chaotic home environment,
› ineffective parenting,
› lack of nurturing and parental attachment,
› parental drug use or addiction.
2. Childhood causes
› Childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
› antisocial personality disorder
› poor school performance and social coping skill

11. 3. Self medication
4. Gender based violence
5. Financial pressure

12. Public health approach
› Defines the problem through the systematic collection
of data on the scope, characteristics, and consequences
of substance misuse;
› Identifies the risk and protective factors that increase
or decrease the risk for substance misuse and its
consequences, and the factors that could be modified
through interventions;

13. › Works across the public and private sector to develop
and test interventions that address social,
environmental, or economic determinants of substance
misuse and related health consequences;
› Supports broad implementation of effective prevention
and treatment interventions and recovery supports in a
wide range of settings;

14. › Monitors the impact of these interventions on
substance misuse and related problems as well as on
risk and protective factors.
Sources :https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/substance-abuse/1/public-
health-based-approach

15. Public health practices paradigms
Sources: https://www.astho.org/addictions/

16. Strategic priorities
Reduce stigma and change social norms
Increase protective factors and reduce risk
factors in communities
Strengthen multi-sectoral collaboration
Improve prevention infrastructure
Optimize the use of cross-sector data for
decision making

17. Treatment
› Behavioral counselling
› Medication
› Medical devices and applications used to treat
withdrawal symptoms or deliver skills training
› Evaluation and treatment for co-occurring mental
health issues such as depression and anxiety
› Long-term follow-up to prevent relapse

18. THANK YOU!