Ebola virus and their associated disease in Human and other animals CSIR-CDRI Lucknow

2. • Ebola virus can cause Ebola haemorrhagic fever.
• Name of this virus is Ebola because its associated
disease first found in a village near the Ebola River.
• Fatality rate of this disease is around 50%.
• It is found in wild animals and it can transmitted to
human.
• Ebola virus disease (EVD) first appeared in 1976 in 2
simultaneous outbreaks, one in what is now, Nzara,
South Sudan, and the other in Yambuku, Democratic
Republic of Congo.

3. • Family:- Filoviridae
• Number of species :- Five
E.zaire
E.Bundibugyo
E.Sudan
E.Reston
E.taï Forest

4. • Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are natural hosts of
Ebola virus.
• It is transmitted in human through close contact with the
blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected
animals such as chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats,
monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead
or in the rainforest.
• Human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through
broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood,
secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected
people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding,
clothing) contaminated with these fluids.
• Ebola can also sexually transmitted in new individuals.

5. • Incubation period is 2 to 21 days.
• Humans are not infectious until they develop
symptoms.
• Earlier symptoms:- Sudden onset of fever fatigue,
muscle pain, headache and sore throat.
• Late Symptoms:- Vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, kidney
and liver dysfunction, and in some cases, both internal
and external bleeding (e.g. oozing from the gums,
blood in the stools).

6. • Malaria
• Typhoid fever
• Meningitis

7. • Persist in immune-privileged sites such as
testicles, the inside of the eye, central nervous
system, placenta, amniotic fluid and foetus.
• The virus may persist in breast milk.

8. Following diagnostic methods are usually employed:-
• Blood count:-low white blood cell and platelet counts and
elevated liver enzymes.
• antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA).
• Antigen-capture detection tests.
• Serum neutralization test.
• Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
assay.
• Electron microscopy.
• Virus isolation by cell culture.
• Automated or semi-automated nucleic acid tests (NAT) for
routine diagnostic management.

9. • Whole blood in EDTA from live patients exhibiting
symptoms.
• Oral fluid specimen stored in universal transport
medium collected from deceased patients.
• All biological specimens should be packaged using
the triple packaging system when transported
nationally and internationally.

10. • Rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids.
• There is as yet no proven treatment available
for Ebola viral disease.
• Immune therapies and drug therapies are
currently being evaluated.

11. • The vaccine, called rVSV-ZEBOV is an under
trail.
• Good laboratory service.
• Protective clothing.
• Safe burials.