2. INTRODUCTION
• It is a branch of Civil Engineering, which
deals with Design, Development,
Construction and Maintenance of
Roadways, Railways, Airports, Harbors,
Docks, Tunnels and Bridges.
5. • These are suggested in Third Road
development plan (1981-2001).
• These are used to connect the Metropolitan
cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai.
• They have the highest design speed.
• They should have at least four lanes.
1. EXPRESS WAYS
6. 2. NATIONAL HIGHWAYS
• They run through the Length and Breadth of
the country.
• They connect national capital to all state
capitals, major cities, towns, border areas.
• They should have at least two traffic lanes,
good surface finishing and excellent strength to
carry heavy traffic.
• The construction and maintenance of these
roads is usually carried out by Central
government
7. • These are main roads running within the states
• They connect important towns, cities of state with
National Highway.
• These are generally one lane but two lanes are
always be preferred.
• They have modern type of bituminous or Concrete
surfacing.
• The construction and maintenance of these roads
are usually carried out by the State Government.
3. STATE HIGHWAYS
8. Major District Roads
• These roads connect all the districts, all
production areas and markets with State
Highway or National Highway or Railways.
• They have single metalled lane of traffic
4. DISTRICT ROADS
9. Other District Roads
• These provide links to villages and serve a
large rural population.
• They should have good metalled surface and
proper drainage.
• Construction and maintenance are carried
by District Authority or Zilla Parishad (Z.P.)
4. DISTRICT ROADS
10. • These connect the villages with each other and
also towns nearby.
• These are generally established earth roads but
metal surface is preferred.
• The construction and maintenance are carried
by local District boards.
5. VILLAGE ROADS