Dimensions of growth and development BEd

1. Presented by
Suresh Babu G
Asst. Professor in General Education
CTE, CPAS Paippad

2.  Physical Development
 Cognitive Development
 Social Development
 Moral Development
 Emotional Development

3.  Physical growth and development refers to a
process which brings bodily and physiological
changes .
Generally these changes take place in:
1. His gross physical structure or physique –
Involves changes in height , weight , body
proportions and general physical
appearance.
2. In the internal organs- It involves changes
in the function of glands , nervous system
and other body system. ie, circulatory ,
digestive , muscular , lymphatic and
reproductive.

4. Increase in Height and weight (general
pattern)
• At birth a baby is about 19-20 inches in height and
between 7 to 8 pounds (3.5 kg)in weight
• First two years a rapid increase in height and weight
• Steady and slower growth from third year till the on
set of puberty
• At five years the height and weight increases double
than birth
• During the time of adolescence can find a sudden
increase
• Girls reaches puberty about a year or two year
earlier than boys do
• Both men and women get its maximum height and
weight at the end of adolescence

5.  Child growth shows a marked change in the
proportion of the different parts of the body.
eg. The head constitutes about one fourth the
height of the body at birth ,its size is relatively
much larger than the arms and legs. The
proportion of the head becomes one eights of
the body proportion at the end of adolescence
stage.
In addition to head the other body parts ,legs ,
arms ,etc also show change in proportions as
child grows

6.  The bones of a child are smaller in size than the
bones of an adult , but they differ also in
composition .
 The child bones are softer and more blood flows
than the adult
 And regards the eruption of teeth , it has been
found that most of the children acquire their milk
teeth by the time they are two years of age.
 Near the end of the fifth year the permanent
teeth become to appear the growth of which
acquires a long time.

7.  Nervous system
1. Rapid growth during the first four years
2. After four years the growth precedes a
relatively slow rate
 Muscular system
1.New muscle fibers develop after birth
2. Gradually it becomes stronger
 Circulatory system
1.lungs and heart are very small in early
childhood gradually it grows its maximum up the
end of adolescence
2. Veins and arteries do not follow the same
growth as heart and lungs

8.  Digestive system
1.The young child has a small tubular shaped
stomach in comparison with the bag like one
in adults.
2. Greater quantity of food needed at early
stage of growth.
 Lymphatic System
1. It involves the elimination of waste and
destruction of bacteria in the body.
2. From the birth onwards this system shows
the sign of rapid development until age 11
and 12

9.  Reproductive system
1. Its development is vary slow during early
childhood
2. It will be faster at the stage of as child
advances towards adolescence.

10.  It is rapid from birth to the age of two or
three years
 It continues at a diminished rate till the
beginning of adolescence
 The first three years of adolescence are
marked as the year of rapid growth and
development
 This is followed by a period of slow growth
and development to the time of maturity.

11.  He can be aware of the physical deviates , their
psychology and problem of adjustment . He can
help them in their social and emotional
adjustment as well as in school learning.
 Can make valuable help in physical development
their by overall development of child
 Needs , desires , interests , attitudes and in way
the overall behaviour of an individual is
controlled to a great extent by his physical
growth and development

12.  Sensation and perception
 Concept Formation
 Development of language
 Development of memory
 Development of problem solving ability
 Development of Reasoning and Thinking

13.  In the beginning the child lacks in sensation
as well as perception.
 When he becomes able to use his sense
organs he becomes increasingly conscious of
the things around.
 As the individual passes through the peaks of
his adolescence the sensory activity reaches
almost to its peak and perceptual pattern
become more organized and refined.

14.  In the early childhood , the concrete
experiences in the form of actual objects
helps the child in the formulation of concept
 In later period vicarious experiences offered
by reading , movies, lectures ,etc also
provides the basis of concept formation.

15.  At birth the child can utter some crying sounds
 By the age of one and little later he may learn to
speak a few words
 After that speaking vocabulary increase rapidly
 Much of the speech pattern , that child learn , is
the result of imitation of others in the
environment
 During the course of learning to speak it is
possible that certain speaking disorders like
omissions , stuttering , stammering etc may
develop.

16.  There is continuous increase in the size of
one’s vocabulary and a continuous increase in
the size of one’s vocabulary during childhood
 Later on as the result of environmental need
and opportunities in learning, the vocabulary
goes on developing .

17.  The child shows development of memory
from the early childhood
 In the young age it is a rote memory
 During later childhood and adolescence the
memory tends to function more logically and
a selection process of remembering and
forgetting begins to operate
 In later years of childhood memory tends to
decrease
 It varies from individual to individual

18.  Thinking and reasoning powers begins to grow
as early as two and one half or three years
 The young child deals more easily with the
concrete than with the abstract
 He began to compare and evaluate the ideas and
solve the problems through the utilization of
verbal symbols and imaginary concepts
 With increase in the age the more complicated
problems requiring abstract thinking and
widened experiences may be given to them

19.  In addition to these aspects , the aspects of
mental growth and development include
attention, imagination, decision-making and
ability of interpretation etc. Like other
aspects they also change , grow and mature
with the increase in age due to maturation
and learning

20.  Freeman and Showel : Social development is
the process of learning to conform to group
standards , mores traditions and becoming
imbued with a sense of oneness, inter-
communication and co-operation

21.  Gradual Development – in infancy social
development takes place gradually as the infant
advances in age.
 Change in pattern of play – As the infant grows
older , the pattern of his play also evinces (reveal
the presence of ) many significance changes. Eg
at early stage infant can hold only object later
can play with toys ..
 Ego-centrism – Gradually , the feelings of ‘I’ and
‘mine’ develop and strengthen , but at the same
time he also learns what ‘you’ and ‘yours’ mean.

22.  Socialization – Moving from the egocentric
behavior of the first three years to the pre-
school period , the infants conduct begins to
appear socialized .
At infancy the child is most completely
egocentric and selfish , not being inclined to
give any of his possessions to anyone else. As
his social development progresses towards
ultimate maturity , he learns to divide and
share his own with others and to cooperate
with them.

23.  Group Membership – Living in the group , the
infant gradually evolves the communal
sentiment.

24.  Period of social awareness
 Tries to seek independence from his parents
and other elders
 To become a active member of a peer groups
and replace family group
 Segregation among boys and girls of the this
age
 Clash with interests and values of teachers
and parents – to maintain the interest of peer
group ( gang age)

25.  Changes in social behavior
 Friendship
 Social Interest – parties, celebration ,
conversation of problems
School and social development
 To organize social function
 To arrange excursions and trips
 Games , debates and seminars
 Teacher should arrange a socialization
environment

26.  Personal Factors
1.Bodily structure and health
2.Intelligence
3.Emotional Development
 Environmental factors
1.Family atmosphere
2.The school and its atmosphere
3.Peer group relationship and gang influence
4.Community and neighborhood
5.Religious institutions and clubs
6.Information and entertainment agencies

27.  Moral development refers to the development of
moral concepts and moral behaviour
 Moral concepts starts developing when the child
learns what is good and what is bad , what is
right and what is wrong
Characteristics from the stages of infancy to
adolescence
According to Jean Piaget , moral development of an
individual an individual takes place four
hierarchical levels
1. Anomy 2. Heteronomy 3. Reciprocity
4. Autonomy

28.  Infancy is a period of Anomy. During infancy the
child knows no rules or norms of behavior.
 Heteronomy – It is a period of differentiation of
right and wrong. The child is influenced by
conventions and standard of conduct set by his
parents and elders . Reward and punishment
plays a vital role in developing the morality of
child at this stage, till he is eight years.
 Reciprocity – stage till teenage – it is the practice
of give and take. Will control their behaviour with
a voluntary will.
 Autonomy – stage of moral development – spread
over the whole of ones teenage – individual
begins to develop rational and emotional
maturity .

29.  The parents and teachers should serve as
good models for imitative learning as far as
character is concerned
 The teacher must teach the child directly
what is right and what is wrong
 Teacher should take necessary steps to
develop a positive self –concept in children
 Organization of group projects , group games
, school parliament , morning assembly ,
celebration of National days and festivals will
help children in character formation.

33.  During infancy
1. Infant cries and his bodily movements seem
to give evidence of the presence of
emotional element in him.
2. The stage of undifferentiated excitement is
over in a vary short time.
3. During first two months pleasure and
displeasure come response to physical
stimulation . At third month it will be
psychological stimulation (smile in response
to human face). Later it will be
psychological as well as physical stimuli
(baby reaction if left alone)

37.  During childhood
1.Peer group , school and other environment
influence his emotional behavior
2.In this stage the child tries to express his
behavior through reasonable means and
reacts less violently to emotionally disturbing
situations
3. During later period of childhood child
advances towards emotional stability and
control.

39.  Adolescence stage
1.Experences the violent and intensive current of
emotion
2.Period of storm and stress
3.Emotional energy is so strong and dangerous
4.Defficult to control emotion
5.Development of abstract emotion
6.Complexity
7.Bearing of tensions
8.Capacity of sharing emotions
9.Loyalities expand
10.Reviewing of hopes and aspirations
11.Increased compassion

40. THE END