1. Grammar: The Basics
DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com

2. This or That ?
A vase or two faces?
Which image do you see?
A young girl’s face or an old
woman’s face?

3. Sentences Construction
Objective
 Understand the difference between SVO / SOV
 Use the rule effectively for Sentence construction

4. Sentence Structure
 Subject +Verb+Object
I + eat + food
 Subject +Object +Verb
I + food + eat

5. Gamer Grammar
Objective
 Identify the commonly made mistakes while
speaking in English
 To increase fluency in English

6. Building Blocks

7. Parts Of Speech
Noun
 Noun: is a word used as the name, animal,
place, or thing.
 Person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary
 Place: home, office, town, countryside
 Animal: dog, cat, horse, monkey
 Thing: book, pen, room, tree

8. Parts Of Speech
Noun
Types Of Nouns
 Common Noun
 Proper Noun
 Collective Noun
 Abstract Noun
 Countable / Uncountable Nouns

9. Parts Of Speech
Noun
 Common Noun
Is a name given in common to
every person or thing of the
same class or kind.
E.g.
 City, man, boat, and radio

10. Parts Of Speech
Noun
 Proper Noun
Name of a specific person, place
or thing.
E.g.
Eiffel Tower, India,
Mr. Will Smith, Nokia

11. Parts Of Speech
Noun
 Collective Noun
Name of a number ( or collection) of
persons or things taken together and
spoken of as a whole.
E.g.
 A Crowd -a collection of people
 An Army - collection of soldiers

12. Parts Of Speech
Noun
 Abstract Noun
Is usually the name of a quality, action, or
state.
E.g.
 Quality - kindness, darkness, honesty
 Action - laughter, theft
 State - sleep, sickness

13. Parts Of Speech
Noun
 Countable Noun
(or countables) are the names of objects, people,
etc. that we can count.
E.g. book, pen, apple, boy
 Uncountable noun
(or uncountables) are the names of things which
cannot count.
E.g. milk, sugar, gold, oil

14. Parts Of Speech
Noun
 Lisa works as a programmer at
Microsoft.
 Let's have lunch at McDonalds.
Mc Donalds
Mc Donalds

15. Parts Of Speech
Noun
 The sun sheds it’s beams on rich and
poor alike.
 Edward was a great king.
 The rose smells sweet.
 A flock of sheep is passing by.
 George was a brave soldier.

16. Name, Place, Animal, Thing
 Fun time
 Lets play Name, Place, Animal, Thing with a difference
Proper
Noun
Common
Noun
Collective
Noun
Abstract
Noun
Peter Postman Poultry Prayer

17. Parts Of Speech
Pronoun
 Pronoun: is a word used instead of a noun.
E.g.
 Tim is absent, because he is ill.
 This book is mine.
 It is doubtful whether he will come for the party.
 Bob is a kind boy. He has lent his bicycle to Alice.

18. Parts Of Speech
Pronoun
E.g.
 Do you think Mary is pretty? I think Mary is
beautiful.
With pronouns, we can say:
 Do you think Mary is pretty? I think she is
beautiful.

19. Parts Of Speech
Pronoun
 Personal Pronoun:
I, we, you, he, (she, it), are called Personal Pronouns
because they stand for three persons.
E.g.
 The person speaking –This is my book
 The person spoken to – Those are your books
 The person spoken of- That is her book

20. Parts Of Speech
Pronoun
 Indefinite Pronoun
 Refers to noun that are indefinite.
E.g.
 One evening a beggar came to my door.
 Somebody stole the mangoes.
Anybody
Each
Either
None
Someone
One
Few

21. Parts Of Speech
Pronoun
 Relative Pronoun- such as that, who,
which, whose and whom which give extra
information about the subject.
E.g.
 The woman who interviewed me was very
friendly.
 I can't stand dogs that bark loudly.
This, That
These, Those
Who, Whom
Whose, Which
What

22. Parts Of Speech
Pronoun
 Reflexive Pronoun
 Pronouns combined with –self or
–selves to emphasize the subject of
the verb.
E.g.
I hurt myself.
Myself
Yourself
Himself
Ourselves
Themselves

23. Parts Of Speech
Pronoun
Person and Number Subjective Possessive Subjective
First Person Singular I Mine Me
First Person Plural We Ours Us
Second Person Singular You Yours You
Second Person Plural You Yours You
Third Person Singular He / she / it His / hers / its Him / her / it
Third Person Plural They Theirs They

24. Lie detector
 Lets have some fun
I love
Chinese
Food
I am born in
New York
I love
scuba
diving

25. Parts Of Speech
Adjectives
 An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun,
pronoun or another adjective. An adjective "qualifies" or
"modifies" a noun. Adjectives can be used before a
noun or after certain verbs. We can often use two or
more adjectives together.
E.g.
 A big car
 I like Chinese food
 It is a tough decision
 A beautiful young French lady

26. Parts Of Speech
Adjectives
Adjective Patterns:
 Adjectives can come before noun: a new car
 Adjectives can come after verbs: such as be, become,
seem, look, etc.: that car looks fast
 They can be modified by adverbs: a very expensive car

27. Name Chain  Fun Time
Hi! I’m
Witty
William
Hi! This is
my friend
Witty William
And I am
Energetic
Esther
Hi! That’s Witty
William, this is
Energetic
Esther and I am
Helpful Henry

28. Parts Of Speech
Verb
Verb: is a word that tells
something about a
person or thing.
E.g.
 The sun shines brightly.
 Harry laughs.

29. Parts Of Speech
Verb
Types of Verbs
 Auxiliary Verbs
 Regular Verbs
 Irregular Verbs
 Modal Verbs

30. Parts Of Speech
Verb
 Auxiliary Verb: „To Do‟, „Be‟ and „Have‟ are the English
auxiliary verbs / helping verbs used in a negative
structure, a question or to show tenses.
 Modal Verb: Modal verbs are used to express ideas
such as possibility, intention, obligation and necessity.
E.g.
Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should

31. Parts Of Speech
Verb
 Regular Verb: A regular verb is one that follows the
pattern of taking -ed for the past simple and past
participles.
E.g. walk / walked / walked
 Irregular Verb: An irregular verb is one that does not
take the -ed ending for the Past Simple and Past
Simple forms. Some verbs do not change.

32. Parts Of Speech
Verb
 Irregular Verbs
Base Form Past Tense Past Participle
Shut
Read
Shut
Read
Shut
Read
Sit
Build
Sat
Built
Sat
Built
Know
See
Knew
Saw
Known
Seen
Types of Verbs

33. Parts Of Speech
Verb
Characteristics of Verbs
 Verbs usually come after the subject of the sentence.
E.g. Chris paints well.
 Verbs must agree in person (first, second, etc.) and
number (singular and plural) with the subject of the
sentence.
E.g. She sings sweetly.
They sing sweetly.

34. Parts Of Speech
Adverb
 Adverb - An adverb is a word that tells us
more about a verb. An adverb "qualifies" or
"modifies" a verb. But adverbs can also
modify adjectives, or even other adverbs.
E.g.
 The man ran quickly.
 Tara is really beautiful.
 The Cell phone works very well.

35. Parts Of Speech
Adverb
Characteristics of Adverb
1. Function
The main job of an adverb is to modify (give more
information about) verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.
Modify a verb:
- John speaks loudly. (How does John speak?)
- Mary lives locally. (Where does Mary live?)
- She never smokes. (When does she smoke?)
(In the following examples, the adverb is in red and the word that it modifies is in purple.)

36. Parts Of Speech
Adverb
2. Form
 Many adverbs end in -ly.
E.g. quickly, softly, strongly, honestly, interestingly.
 But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs.
E.g. "Friendly", is an adjective.
 Some adverbs have no particular form.
E.g. well, fast, very, never, always, often, still

37. Parts Of Speech
Adverb
3. Position
Adverbs have three main positions in the sentence:
 Front (before the subject):
- Now we will study adverbs.
 Middle (between the subject and the main verb):
- We often study adverbs.
 End (after the verb or object):
- We study adverbs carefully.

38. Dumbverb
 Lets have some fun
 Enact the given adverbs while the class guesses the
same.
E.g.
Harry and Sally dance gracefully.

39. Parts Of Speech
Prepositions
 Prepositions: are words that we can use to
indicate time, place and space.
PREPOSITIONS
Period/Point of Time
During
Throughout
At
Position
In, Under, Over, Beside,
Between, Opposite,
Among, Between
Direction
Towards
Past
Around

40. Parts Of Speech
Prepositions
Commonly used Prepositions
Aboard About Above Across After
Against Along Among Around At
Before Behind Below Beneath Beside
Between Beyond By Down During
Except For From Into Like
Of On Over Since To
Within In Up Over Off
Towards Under Until Upon With

41. Parts Of Speech
Prepositions
 We went to school on Monday.
 My plane stopped at Washington and New
Jersey and arrived in New York two hours
late.

42. Lord of the Ad world
Fun Time
Identify slogans with Prepositions in them
E.g.
Lets go in an ALTO – Maruti
King of good times - Kingfisher

43. Parts Of Speech
Conjunctions
 Coordinating Conjunctions -
are used to join two parts of a sentence
that are grammatically equal. The two
parts may be single words or clauses.
E.g.
 Jack and Jill went up the hill.
 The water was warm but I didn't go
swimming.
F – For
A – And
N – Nor
B – But
O – Or
Y – Yet
S - So

44. Parts Of Speech
Conjunctions
 Subordinating conjunctions -
A word or words used to
connect unequal parts of a
sentence.
E.g.
I went swimming, although it was
cold.
Since, Because,
If, After, Until,
Although, Before,
As Though, Though,
When, Unless
As

45. Parts Of Speech
Conjunctions
 Correlative Conjunctions –
A pair of conjunctions used to show a
comparison. (They are also known as
paired conjunctions)
E.g.
Not only is she rich, but also
intelligent.
Both-and
Either-or
Neither-nor
Since-therefore
If-then
Not only-but also

46. Conjingle  Fun time
And
Also
But
Nor
SoFor

47. Parts Of Speech
Interjection
 Interjection: is a big name for a little word. Interjections
are short exclamations like Hello!, Bravo!, Alas! or Ah!
They have no real grammatical value but we use them
quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing.
When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they
have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An
interjection is followed by an exclamation mark (!) when
written.

48. Parts Of Speech
Interjection
E.g.
 "Hey ! look at that!"
(calling attention )
 "Hi ! What's new?"
(expressing greeting )
 "Well ! what did he say?"
(introducing a remark )
Well !
what did he
say?
Hi !
What's new?

49. Subjects and Verbs
Objective
 Identify the correct usage of Subject and Verb in a
sentence
 Identify the correct usage of Subjects and Verbs while
speaking in English

50. Subjects and Verbs
Verb: The part of speech that expresses action, or state
of being.
Subject: The part which names the person or thing we
are speaking about in a sentence.

51. Subjects and Verbs
Subject and Verb Agreement
The Verb agrees with the Subject in Number and
Person
E.g. Sam and Harry are friends.

52. Subjects and Verbs
 Harry Potter is an interesting
book.
 Every boy and girl is ready to
run for the marathon.
Harry
Potter

53. Articles
Objective
 Identify the mechanisms to use articles
appropriately.

54. Articles
 Articles: are Determiners.
 Types Of Articles
Indefinite – A / AN
Definite – THE

55. Articles
 Indefinite Article (A)
 A dog is a faithful animal.
 A man is known by the company he
keeps

56. Articles
 Indefinite Article (AN)
 An Apple
 An Honest Man

57. Articles
 Definite Article ( THE)
 Lets go to the Golf Club.
 The Solar System.

58. Articles
Lets have fun
Identify articles in the songs
(Clips to be added)

59. Tenses
Objective
 Identify the correct usage of Tense in a sentence
 Identify the correct usage of Tense while speaking in
English

60. Tenses
 The Tense of a verb shows the time of action or event.
 Verb tenses are tools that English speakers use to
express time in language.

61. Tenses
 There are three main Tenses:
 Present Tense: a verb that refers to the present time.
E.g. I write a letter.
 Past Tense: a verb that refers to the past time.
E.g. I wrote a letter.
 Future Tense: a verb that refers to the future time. E.g.
I will write a letter.

62. Tenses
Simple Present Simple Past
Future ContinuousPast ContinuousPresent Continuous
Future PerfectPast PerfectPresent Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous
Simple Future
I study English everyday.
IS / AM / ARE +
verb in ING
I am studying English now.
WAS / WERE + verb in ING
I was studying English when you
called yesterday.
HAS / HAVE + P.P
I have studied English in several
different countries.
HAS / HAVE + BEEN + verb
in ING
I have been studying English for
five years.
Two years ago, I studied English
in England.
HAD + P.P.
I had studied a little English before
I moved to the U.S.
HAD + BEEN + verb in ING
I had been studying English for five
years before I moved to the U.S.
I will be studying English next
year.
SHALL / WILL + BE + verb
in ING
I will be studying English when
you arrive tonight.
SHALL / WILL + BE + verb in
ING
I will be studying English when you
arrive tonight.
SHALL / WILL + HAS / HAVE +
BEEN + verb in ING
I will have been studying English
for over two hours by the time you
arrive.

63. Tense Tenses
 Fun Time
Group B write a story in the Past
Group C write a story in the Future
Group A write a story in the Present

64. Question Tags
Objective
 To aid formulating appropriate questions.
 To learn to convert ideas or sentences into questions.

65. Question Tags
 Question tags are a grammatical structure in which a
statement or idea is turned into a question by adding an
interrogative fragment
( tag ).
 Their pattern is „auxiliary + n‟t + subject‟, if the statement
is „positive‟ and „auxiliary + subject‟, if the statement is
„negative‟.

66. Question Tags
E.g.
Positive Sentence
 He has left already, hasn’t he?
 Andrew came to school yesterday, didn’t he?
Negative Sentence
 He doesn‟t like tea, does he?
 John can‟t speak English fluently, can he?

67. Question Tags  Lets have some fun
Peanut
Butter
New
York
Madonna

68. Direct And Indirect Speech
Objective
 To understand the two ways of relating and quoting
what someone has said.

69. Direct And Indirect Speech
 In Direct Speech the original speaker‟s exact words are
given and indicated by quotation marks (“ ”)
 E.g. “I don‟t know what to do,” said Dean.
 In Indirect Speech the exact meaning of the speaker‟s
words are given, but the exact words are not directly
quoted.
 E.g. Dean said that he didn‟t know what to do.

70. Direct And Indirect Speech
Some pointers to convert Direct Speech into Indirect
Speech and vice – versa.
 If the main verb is in the past tense, the present tense
verbs in that sentence must be changed to past tense.
 First and second person pronouns must be changed to
third person pronouns.

71. Direct And Indirect Speech

72. Voice
 Objective
To create awareness that using the Passive Voice
sounds more objective.

73. Voice
Active Voice: The verb is active, when the subject
(agent) does the action (verb) to something (object).
E.g. The doctor wrote a prescription.
Passive Voice: The verb is passive,
when the subject takes the action upon itself.
E.g. The prescription was written by the doctor.

74. Voice
The refreshments are going to be
prepared by Karen.
That skyscraper was built in 1934.
Grammar is taught to us by Ratna.
By whom was this done?
Jane is helped by Fred.
Passive Voice
Karen is going to prepare the
refreshments.
They built that skyscraper in 1934.
Ratna teaches us grammar.
Who did this?
Fred helps Jane.
Active Voice
The refreshments are going to be
prepared by Karen.
That skyscraper was built in 1934.
Grammar is taught to us by Ratna.
By whom was this done?
Jane is helped by Fred.
Passive Voice
Karen is going to prepare the
refreshments.
They built that skyscraper in 1934.
Ratna teaches us grammar.
Who did this?
Fred helps Jane.
Active Voice

75. Creativity Unlimited
 Sell a refrigerator to an Eskimo

76. News Time
Aftermath of 9/11 gets film focus
Charles and Camilla's wedding day
Beckham family affairs are fair game for the public
Joseph Ratzinger is the new Pope

77. Movie Time

78. Thank You
DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com