Description of rural roads development in nepal along with policies and framework of Government of Nepal

1. RURAL ROADS
DEVELOPMENT IN
NEPAL
SUNIL KHATRI

2. Outline of Presentation :
• Definition
• Benefits of Rural Access
• History
• Stagesof RuralRoaddevelopment inNepal
• Background
• Rural Road Classification
• Major policy framework of GON for Rural
infrastructure
• Conclusion

3. DEFINITION :
Rural roads are the tertiary road system in total road network
which provides accessibility for the rural habitations to market
and other facility centers.Rural roads are often a lifeline for
rural communities.
The roads, which are operated and maintained by local
agencies, including motorable roads and agricultural roads, are
grouped as Rural Roads.
Rural roads may be :
- earthen, graveled or blacktopped.

4. BENEFITS OF RURAL ACCESS :
1. Backbone of development – attraction of more
investments.
2. Basic access to Villages and Resources
(environmental, agricultural, mineral etc.)
3. Urban - rural linkages; Socio economic services
4. Cheaper transport to and from agricultural markets
5. Better access to schools and health facilities
6. Access to a greater variety of consumer goods.
7. Reduction in rural poverty through income
generating opportunities.
8. Administrative Linkages to district and regional
headquarters.

5. HISTORY
• In Nepal, The technological development
environment friendly rural road based
of low-cost,
on people’s
participation has been taking place since the mid1980s.
• The local road improvement programme (LRIP) supported
by GTZ and helvetas in Palpa district implemented the
environment friendly improvement and construction of 96
km of road in 1986.
• GTZ supported the construction of 65 km of environment-
friendly road in Dhading district in1987.
• With the advent of Multiparty democracy in 1989,there has
been a tremendous demand of constructing rural road in
rural areas.
Source:Ministry of local
development,LGCDP,UNDP,UNEP

6. STAGESOF RURAL ROAD DEVELOPMENT IN
NEPAL
• Rural infrastructure were constructed by DOR before
the establishment of DOLIDAR.
• DOLIDARwas established later in 2055 under the
ministry of local development.
• Later in 2058 district technical offices were
established in 75 district of thecountry.
• After then all the rural road & infrastructure were
constructed by DDC under technical support of
DTO.

7. BACKGROUND
• NRRS was published by DOLIDAR in 2055 B.S. for development and
management of Local Road Network (LRN) with minimum geometric
Standard.
• 1st revision of NRRS was done on 2055 BS.
• 2nd Revision of NRRS was done in 2071 B.S. Because of significant change
in LRN policy , there is shift in priority from new construction to upgrading
, maintenance and joining river crossing with bridges with aim to provide
all weather road access. Provided DOLIDAR with opportunity to make
necessary changes in design to tackle issues relating to increasing scope of
LRN, road safety and mitigation measures .
• 2nd Revision – 2071 BS has accomodated aspects such as motorable
bridge classification , carriageway and footpath/kerb making it
compatible with National practices addressing local needs.
• 2nd revision has been carried out with support from Swiss Agency for
Development Co-operation (SDC) funded Local Roads Bridge
Programme(LRBP).
SOURCE:NepalRuralRoadStandard(2071)2nd revision.

8. RURAL ROAD CLASSIFICATION
1. District Road (Core network) - An important road joining a
VDC HQ's office or nearest economic centre to the district
headquarters, via either a neighbouring district headquarters
or the Strategic Road Network.
2. Village Road - Smaller roads not falling under District Road
(Core Network) category are Village Roads, including other
Agriculture Road.
SOURCE:NepalRuralRoadStandard(2071)2nd revision.

9. LOCAL ROAD NETWORK (LRN)
Total LRN = 57,632 Km
 Black Topped = 2,004 Km (3.5%)
 Gravel Surface = 12,823 Km (22.2%)
 Earthen Surface = 42,805 Km (74.3%)
 All weather 14,827 km (24% of LRN)
 Fair weather or seasonal 42,805 km (76% of LRN)
District Road Core Network (DRCN) = 25,728
Km
 New DRCN to be Constructed = 4,885 Km
 Total future DRCN = 30,613 km
Village Roads (VRCN) = 30,904 Km

10. GEOGRAPHIC REGION WISE LRN
S. No.
Geographic
Regions
Districts Population LRN, km Remarks
1 Mountain 16 2,052,695 (7.7%) 8,147 (14.1%)
2 Hill 39
12,738,567
(48.1%)
31,620 (54.9%)
3 Terai 20
11,703,278
(44.2%)
17,865 (31.0%)
Total 3 75
26,494,540
(100%)
57, 632 km
(100%)

11. There are many issues surrounding the low initial-cost provision of
rural roads. These include:
• Short road-life expectation due to erosion and wear
• Lack of drainage and watercourse crossings
• Damage to health and harmful to farming productivity from dust
• Damage to road users and equipment from rough roads
RURAL ROAD CONDITIONS :

12. RURAL ROAD CONDITIONS :
The problem with rural roads is that they often deteriorate rapidly,
especially in the wet season, disrupting transport services and access to
health centres and markets when it is most needed.

13. RURAL ROAD CONDITIONS :
There is increased expectation amongst the rural poor that
governments will provide and maintain roads in a condition that
facilitate all-weather access and regular transport services.

14. RURAL ROAD CONDITIONS :

15. RURAL ROAD CONDITIONS :

16. Gravel roads are reconstructed or rehabilitated at frequent intervals
often with little in the way of lasting improvement. As economies grow
and traffic increases, the rates of deterioration on gravel roads are
likely to escalate.

17. MAJOR POLICY FRAMEWORK OF
GON FOR RURALINFRASTRUCTURE
• Agricultural Perspective Plan , APP (1997-2017)
• National Transport Policy – 2058
• Poverty Reduction on Strategy Paper - 2001
• A 20- year road plan 2002-2022
• Priority Investment Plan -1997
• Local Self Government act 1999 and regulations 2000
• National Plan for Rural Road Maintenance -1999
• Local Infrastructure Development Policy – 2061
• Nepal Board Act -2002

18. AGRICULTURAL PERSPECTIVEPLAN, APP(1997-2017)
• The agricultural road investment in the APP is essential to the high value
commodity strategy i.e. to connect by all weather road for boosting production of
high economic value fruits and herbs production pocket in the terai, hills and
mountains for commercial purpose wherever feasible.
Source:Business paper,Bhim upadhya
Ecolog
ica l
zone
20years Target Phase1(first 10
yrs target)
Phase
2(second10
yrs target)
Physic
al km
Financial
Rs million
Physic
al km
Financia
l Rs
million
Physic
al km
Fina
ncial
Rs
milli
on
Terai 3400 2805 3400 2805 0
Hill 1950 4875 1428 3570 522 1305
Mountain 850 4250 318 1590 532 2660
Total 6200 11930 5146 7965 1054 3965

19. NATIONAL TRANSPORT POLICY2058
• The principal objective of the policy is to develop
a reliable, cost effective, safe facility oriented and
sustainable transport system that promotes and
sustains the economic,social,cultural and tourism
development of Nepal as a whole.
• The strategies pin pointed are the responsibility
demarcation between central and local level,
decentralized governance system by utilizing the
local level resources and private sector
involvement.

20. POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY
PAPER 2001
• Poverty was explicitly stated as an objective only
since the sixth plan in 1980.
• The action for the approach include policy
changes, institutional reforms and implementing
targeted programs and projects.
• GON has established poverty alleviation fund to
strengthen, coordinate, support and monitor
targeted activities directed towards meeting the
goal of poverty reduction focusing community
preferences.

21. A20-YEARROAD PLAN(2002-2022)
• The road density for 10,000 population and 100 sq kmare
6.68 and 10.4 respectively which are comparatively lower
then other countries in the south Asianregion.
• This plan has made an urgent change of strategy to
concentrate resources in a limited number of prioritized
road projects to ensure that the projects are completed
within a reasonable period oftime.
• A total of 4040 km roads are to be newly built in the plan
period.

22. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR RURAL
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
1997
• The strategy as its key objective states that the
development of basic rural infrastructure country-wide in
a planned and sustainable means by adopting the labour
based ,local resources oriented, environment friendly
means and in accordance with the decentralized
Participatory approach in line with strategy to the poverty
alleviation objective in National plan in such a way that
maximum employment income opportunity is created to
local residents.

23. LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT POLICY – 2061
• This policy identifies 7 sector as the local
infrastructures viz. Rural transport, rural drinking
water and sanitation, rural electrification, small and
middle size irrigation programmes, solid waste
management, rural housing ,township program and
social infrastructures.
• For transport accessibility, it has set the basic needs of
access as 2 hours to a nearby motorable road in the
terai region and that of 4 hours in the hills and
mountain regions.

24. CONCLUSION:
1. Adequate number of qualified, experienced technicalhuman
resources is the basis of quality works which is lacking.
2. Without quality works no roads can provide reliable, sustainable
and enduring services.
3. Opening of new roads is given highest priorities but provided
public transport services is not sufficient.
4. Rural road development has also negative impact on environment
through landslide, erosion, pollution etcwhich need attention.
5. Huge fund required for maintenance and up-grading of the
constructed roads and ensuring adequate fund is the main
challenge.
6. But effectiveness of rural road services due to disrepair
deterioration, need protection & maintenance

25. REFERENCES :
• Nepal Rural Road standards -2071 ( 2nd Revision)
• http://bhimupadhyaya.blogspot.com/2010/11/rural-roads-and-
sustainability-in-nepal_4081.html
• https://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/the-problem-with-rural-
transport-is-that-it-is-rural-the-solution-is-in-branding

26. THANK YOU