4. GREEN COMPUTING
The study and practice of designing, manufacturing,
using and disposing of computers, servers and
associated subsystems such as monitors, printers,
storage devices and networking and communication
systems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no
impact on environmental.
6. REASONS / GOALS OF GREEN COMPUTING
Sustainable Computing.
Minimal or no environmental impact.
Energy efficiency.
Lowering e-waste and recyclability.
7. POSSIBILITTY OF GREEN COMPUTNG
Green Grid and Green500
CSCI and EPEAT
Energy star and TCO certification
9. •VIRTUALIZATION
–Running two or more logical computer systems on one set of
physical hardware.
–A system administrator could combine several physical
systems into virtual machines on one single, powerful system,
thereby unplugging the original hardware and reducing power
and cooling consumption.
11. pOWeR MANAGeMeNT
– ACPI- Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface.
Power Management :
‒Prolong battery life for portable and embedded
systems.
‒Reduce noise.
‒Reduce cooling requirements.
‒Reduce operating costs for energy and cooling.
‒Keep computers and PCs turned off, when not in
use.
‒Disable screen saver.
‒Don’t print unless necessary and you are ready.
‒Use LCDs instead of CRTs as they are more power
efficient.
12. pOWeR sUppLy
If a PSU (power supply) meets the green certification, it won't use more
power than it needs.
Desktop computer power supplies (PSUs) are generally 70–75% efficient,
dissipating the remaining energy as heat.
An industry initiative called 80PLUS certifies PSUs that are at least 80%
efficient. As of 20 July 2007, all new energy Star 4.0-certified desktop PSUs
must be at least 80% efficient.
13.
14. STORAGE
To minimize the power consumption, minimize the size by maintaining the
same capacity.
The second option is to use a 2.5" laptop hard drive. The lowest-power option
is to use a solid state hard drive (SSD).
Refurbished hard drives:
An economical and eco friendly way to repair computers
15. VIDEO CARD
A fast GPU may be the largest power consumer in a computer.
Energy efficient display options include:
No video card - use a shared terminal, shared thin client or desktop sharing software
if display required.
Use motherboard video output - typically low 3D performance and low power.
Select a GPU based on low idle power, average wattage or performance per watt.
DISPLAY
LCD monitors, typically use a cold-cathode fluorescent bulb to provide light for the
display. Some newer displays use an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in place of the
fluorescent bulb, which reduces the amount of electricity used by the display.
CRT monitors, typically use more power than LCD monitors.
16. MATERIALS RECYCLING
Recycling can keep harmful materials such as lead, mercury and hexavalent chromium
out of landfills .
Developed countries now have facilities for recycling e-waste. If companies can recycle
the plastics and other components, this can greatly reduce waste and toxins.
ALGORITHEMIC EFFICIENCY
The efficiency of algorithms has an impact on the amount of computer resources required
for any given computing function and there are many efficiency trade-offs in writing
programs.
Algorithmic efficiency does not have as much impact as other approaches, it is still an
important consideration. A study by a physicist at Harvard, estimated that the average
Google search released 7 grams of carbon dioxide (CO ).₂
17. RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Algorithms can also be used to route data to data centers where electricity is less
expensive. Researchers from MIT, Carnegie Mellon University, and Akamai have tested
an energy allocation algorithm that successfully routes traffic to the location with the
cheapest energy costs. The researchers project up to a 40 percent savings on energy costs
if their proposed algorithm were to be deployed.
TERMINAL SERVERS
Terminal servers have also been used in green computing. When using the system,
users at a terminal connect to a central server; all of the actual computing is done on the
server, but the end user experiences the operating system on the terminal.
These can be combined with thin clients, who use up to 1/8 the amount of energy of a
normal workstation, resulting in a decrease of energy costs and consumption.
19. 1.Turn off your computer at night so it runs only eight hours a day—you’ll reduce
your energy use by 810 kWh per year and net a 67 percent annual savings.
2. Plug your computer into a surge protector with a master control outlet, which
automatically senses when the computer is not in use and cuts power to it and all
your peripherals.
3. Purchase flat-screen monitors—they use significantly less energy and are not
as hard on your eyes as CRTs.
4. Purchase an Energy Star rated computer. Note that laptop models use much
less energy than desktop units.
5. Plan your computer-related activities so you can do them all at once, keeping
the computer off at other times.
6. Consider a smaller monitor—a 14-inch display uses 40 percent less energy than
a 17-inch one. Enable the standby/sleep mode and power management settings on
your computer.
20. 7. Forget the screen saver—it doesn’t save energy or your screen unless you’re using an
old monochrome monitor.
8. Review document drafts and e-mails onscreen instead of printing them out. Power
off your monitor when you are not using it instead of using screen savers.
9. Consider using an ink-jet printer—although a bit slower than laser printers, inkjets
use 80 to 90 percent less energy.
10.Buy vegetable or non-petroleum-based inks—they are made from renewable
resources, require fewer hazardous solvents, and often produce brighter, cleaner colors.
11. Turn off all printers and peripherals unless you are using them. Do not leave the
computer running overnight or on weekends.
12. Choose dark backgrounds for your screen display—bright-colored displays
consumer more power.
13. Reduce the light level in your room when you are working on your computer.
21. 14. Print on recycled-content paper. Look for non-chlorine bleached papers with 50
to100 percent post-consumer waste.
15.Use double-sided printing functions.
16.E-mail communications as an alternative to paper memos and fax documents.
17. Use of toxic materials like lead can be replaced by silver and copper.
18. Buy and use a low power desktop or a laptop computer (40-90 watts) rather a
higher power desktop (e.g. 300 watts).
22. ConClusion
– Saving energy and resources can actually save people money in the long
run.
– A reduced usage of energy from green computing techniques will
actually translate into a much lower carbon dioxide emission, which
comes from the reduction in the amount of fossil fuels that were used in
power plants, factories and transportation.
– By conserving resources, it means that less energy is required to go
about producing, using and disposing certain products so this is
naturally a huge benefit.
– Minimize the use of paper and properly recycle waste paper,
