This presentation contain overview about magnetic levitaion & some other design technologies

1. Magnetic Levitation
CSIR-CEERI,Pilani

2.  Introduction.
 Definition.
 Principle.
 Types of magnetic levitation.
 Types of method.
 Different Laws.
 Application.
 MEMS.
 VLSI.
 MOSFET.
 VHDL.
Contents of magnetic
levitation

3. Introduction
Magnetic levitation is the process of levitating
an object by exploiting magnetic fields. In
other words, it is overcoming the gravitational
force on an object by applying a counteracting
magnetic field. Either the magnetic force of
repulsion or attraction can be used. In the case
of magnetic attraction, the experiment is
known as magnetic suspension. Using
magnetic repulsion, it becomes magnetic
levitation.

4. Magnetic Levitation
Any thing which may levitate (Raise or
Float) by means of magnetic power is
simply called as magnetic levitation.

5. Magnetic Levitation

6. Magnetic Levitation
Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) is the magnetic
levitation of an object achieved by constantly altering
the strength of a magnetic field produced by
electromagnets using a feedback loop.
Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a form of
magnetic levitation in which there are conductors
which are exposed to time-varying magnetic fields.
This induces eddy currents in the conductors that
creates a repulsive magnetic field which holds the two
objects apart.

7. Magnetic Levitation
 Repulsion between like poles of permanent magnets.
 Repulsion between a magnet and a metallic conductor induced
by relative motion.
 Repulsion between a metallic conductor and an AC
electromagnet.
 Repulsion between a magnetic field and a diamagnetic
substance.
 Repulsion between a magnet and a superconductor.
 Attraction between unlike poles of permanent magnets or
electromagnets.
 Attraction between an electromagnet and a piece of iron or a
magnet, with sensors and active control of the current to the
electromagnet used to maintain some distance between them.
 Repulsion between an electromagnet and a magnet with
sensors and active control of the current to the electromagnet
used to maintain some distance between them.

8. Magnetic Levitation
Faraday’s Law
Any change in the magnetic environment
of a coil of a wire will cause an emf to be
induced in the coil.

9. Magnetic Levitation
Lenz’s Law
When an emf is generated in a coil due to
changing magnetic flux (according to
Faraday’s law), the polarity of the induced emf
is such that it produces a current whose
magnetic field opposes the change which
produces it.

10. Magnetic Levitation
1. Maglev Trains.
2. Floating Cities.
3. 3-D Cell Cultures.
4. Space launch System.
5. Efficient Wind Turbines.
6. Magnetic Bearings.
7. Studying Weightlessness.
8. Flying Cars.

11. MEMS
MEMS is a technology of very small devices.
It is a combination of mechanical functions and
electrical functions on the same chip using micro
fabrication technology.
 MEMS devices generally range in size from
20 micrometers to a millimeter.

12. MEMS USES
The mems microphone also
called as microphone Chip is
widely used in the present day
communication world.
Micro-electro mechanical
system (MEMS)
technology help projectiles
to reach their targets
accurately.

13. MEMS FABRICATION
There are three basic building blocks in MEMS
technology.
 Deposition: The ability to deposit thin film of
material on substrate.
 Lithography: To apply a patterned mask on top
of the films by photolithographic imaging.
 Etching: To etch the films selectively to the
mask.

14. VLSI
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the
process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by
combining thousands of transistors into a single
chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when complex
semiconductor and communication technologies
were being developed.

15. MOSFET
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect
transistor (MOSFET) is a type of transistor
used for amplifying or switching electronic
signals.

16. MOSFET FABRICATION
p-type Si substrate
Oxide
Poly
Patterning
n-type doping
Metal

17. VHDL
VHDL (VHSIC(Very High Speed Integrated
Circuit) Hardware Description Language) is a
hardware description language used in electronic
design automation to describe digital and mixed-
signal systems such as field-programmable gate
arrays and integrated circuits. VHDL can also be
used as a general purpose parallel programming
language.

18. VHDL Constructs
 Entity Declaration
Describes external view of the
design (e.g. I/O)
 Architecture Body (AB)
Describes internal view of the
design
 Configuration Declaration
 Package Declaration
Library Declaration
Package Body