This document discusses principles of management including planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It provides details on organizing such as avoiding mistakes through planning, ensuring flexibility, making staff effective, avoiding conflicts through clarification, and promoting an appropriate organization culture. Key topics covered include organization charts, position descriptions, the informal grapevine communication channel, and how leadership influences organizational culture through the values they promote.
3. ASSIGNMENTS Sessional Marks Compensatory assignments Classes left? Sunday class? Next few classes Project (4 groups of 7 each) 15 marks Portfolio Matrix with TOWS (Chap 3) Planning stages of a new company (Chap 2,3) Departmentation(chap 6) and culture(chap 8) Controls (chap 18) Mark dates, assignment to students
5. TABLE OF CONTENTS AVOIDING MISTAKES IN ORGANIZING BY PLANNING AVOIDING ORGNAIZATIONAL INFLEXIBILITY MAKING STAFF WORK EFFECTIVE AVOIDING CONFLICT BY CLARIFICATION ENSURING UNDERSTANDING OF ORGANIZATION PROMOTING AN APPROPRIATE ORGANIZATION CULTURE
7. AVOIDING MISTAKES IN ORGANIZATION BY PLANNING Planning for the ideal Modification for the human factor Advantages of organization planning It helps understand future human needs (personnel needs) It helps identify the required training programs If the ideal (required) and existing organization structures are compared, It discloses weaknesses, duplication of effort, unclear lines of authority, overlong lines of communication, excessive red tape and obsolete practices
8. AVOIDING ORGANIZATIONAL INFLEXIBILITY The effective organization structure should be able to adapt to the changing environment and meet new contingencies Avoiding inflexibility through reorganization The reorganization may be required due to changing environment, technological and business needs It may be required when the existing organization structure is too narrow or too wide It may be required due to lack of uniform policy, slow decision making, failure to accomplish objectives, inability to meet schedules, excessive costs or breakdown of financial control There may be such requirement if the managers are incompetent or some managers have clashes Staff line conflict is also a reason sometimes
9. MAKING STAFF MORE EFFECTIVE Understanding authority relationship Making line listen to staff Keeping staff informed Requiring complete staff work Making staff work as a way of organizational life
10. AVOIDING CONFLICTS BY CLARIFICATIONS An organization chart indicates how departments are tied together along the principal lines of authority Advantages: It gives a clear reporting relationship It shows redundancies, inconsistencies and complexities, if there are any Disadvantages: It does not show many informal and informational relationships within the organization It can not show the level or multiples of authority a position may have Charts are shown as they are supposed to be or used to be rather to what they are changed to It should show the positions indicating their statuses with relation to the authority
11. AVOIDING CONFLICTS BY CLARIFICATIONS Position Description: A good position description informs everyone of the incumbent’s responsibilities A good position description includes: Not the detailed list of all the activities But the major end result areas or the goals to which the person is responsible The reporting relationships The position’s authority A set of verifiable objectives for the goals Benefits: It shows the neglected duties It guides the managers for the training of new managers/ workers, understanding the personnel requirements and setting the salaries It helps understand whether the position is necessary, if so then at what level and at which location
12. ENSURING UNDERSTANDING OF ORGANIZING Teaching the nature of organizing Reorganizing the importance of informal organization The grapevine To hear something through the grapevine is to learn of something informally and unofficially by means of gossip and rumor. It has the information which is confidential or not open, or because of line’s inadequacies its unable to pass through Benefits It satisfies social needs and imparts belongingness Effective managers use this channel for spreading the positive or fruitful information, and to mold the team’s morale
13. PROMOTING AN APPROPRIATE ORGANIZATION CULTURE The organization culture: It has been defined as "the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization” The effectiveness of an organization is influenced by the organization culture The influence of the leader in an organization culture: The top managers create the climate of an enterprise The values practiced by them influence the direction of the enterprise “Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes” or “a belief about what is appropriate and what is not that guides the actions and behavior of employees in fulfilling the organization’s aims” Value driven leaders set the standards of performance, motivate employees, make the company special and are a symbol and role model to the external and internal environment”
