Blood Products

1. BLOOD PRODUCTS & TRANSFUSION REACTIONS Sherry Knowles, RN, CCRN, CRNI 2008

2. Blood Types Blood Group Antigens Antibodies Can give blood to Can receive blood from AB A and B None AB AB, A, B, 0 A A B A and AB A and 0 B B A B and AB B and 0 0 None A and B AB, A, B, 0 0

3. Blood Types Type O blood is called the “universal donor” because it can be donated to people of any blood type. Type AB blood is called the “universal recipient” because people with this type can receive any blood type.

4. Rh Factor The Rh factor ( Rhesus factor) is a red cell surface antigen also known as the D antigen. Approximately 85% of Americans have Rh+ blood.

5. Rh Factor Rh-negative individuals may develop antibodies to the Rh factor if they are exposed to Rh-positive cells through transfusion or if cells from an Rh-positive fetus cross the placenta into an Rh-negative mother. Subsequent administration of Rh-positive blood to such an Rh-negative individual who has developed anti-Rh antibodies would result in hemolysis of the donor cells and could be fatal.

14. Clotting Factors Factor VIII Factor VIIIa Factor IX Factor XIII von Willebrand factor And Many more!

19. Transfusion Reactions Can Be Life Threatening!

26. Transfusion Reaction Summary Type of Reaction Symptoms Possible Causes Acute Hemolytic Reaction Chills / Rigors, Headaches, Back / Loin Pain, Restlessness / Anxiety, Tachycardia, Shock, Hematuria, Oliguria – Anuria Rapid onset of Circulatory Collapse, Fever Major Blood Group Incompatibility Bacterial Contamination Anaphylactic Reaction Respiratory and Cardiovascular Collapse, Dyspnea, Wheezing and Chest Tightness, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal Pain, Itching Reaction due to a hypersensitivity to proteins present in the donor blood Allergic Reaction Skin Rashes / Bronchospasm Allergic Response to Elements in Donor Blood Febrile Reaction Fever / Chills, Headache / Flushing, Tachycardia Leucocyte Antibody Reaction of White cells in Donor Blood Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury Acute Respiratory Distress, Bilateral Pulmonary Infiltrates Anti-Leucocytes Antibodies in patient or donation

28. The End Transfusion Reactions Can be Fatal!