Effects Of Pollution On Treated Limestone Rough Draft

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This is a rough draft presentation originally given by Dr. Catherine Situma to the NSU research day. It forms the basis of my presentation to be given at the DOI Conference on the Environment.

Technologie

Evaluation of Pollution Uptake on Consolidated Limestone Mary F. Striegel NCPTT

Air Pollution Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Pesticides Volcanoes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Pollution: An integral part of weathering

Limestone and Marble Limestone Sedimentary rock Calcium Carbonate fossils Marble Metamorphic rock

Acid Rain and Buildings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What are Stone Strengtheners / Consolidants ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Protection of Calcerous Stones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Entrapment of moisture Clouding /discoloration Inability to remain attached to carbonate materials

The Ideal stone Strengthener ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Issues to Consider ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Research focus ,[object Object],Trade Name Chemical Family Eponex 1510 Hydrogenated bisphenol A-epichlohydrin based epoxy resin Acryloid B-72 Acrylic copolymer OH 100 Alkoxysilane HCT Hydroxylating Conversion Treatment

Methods Initial analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Consolidate / Treatment Environmental Chamber ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

(a) Laser Profilometry Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(b) Colorimetry

[object Object],Methods ,[object Object],[object Object]

Methods Extract solution at column start Running column with eluent creating the separation Testing / separation of ionic species into columns based on the speed by which they travel through a liquid eluent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(d) Ion Chromatography

Methods (e) Application of Treatments Dipping Spraying Ace polyethylene sprayer

Methods (f) Environmental Chamber Exposure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OH 100 Before Treatment OH 100 After Treatment Roughness of the core (Sk) =20 µm Roughness of valleys (Svk) =29 µm Void volume of valleys (vvv) =0.00612 µm 3 / µm 2 Roughness of the core (Sk) =17.7 µm Roughness of valleys (Svk) =31 µm Void volume of valleys (vvv) =0.0071 µm 3 / µm 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],Results

HCT spray Before HCT spray After Roughness of the core (Sk) =22 µm Roughness of valleys (Svk) =27.1 µm Void volume of valleys (vvv) Vvv =0.00998 Roughness of the core (Sk) =18.3 µm Roughness of valleys (Svk) =29.2 µm Void volume of valleys (vvv) =0.00636 µm 3 / µm 2 Results

Results SO 2 Deposition Velocities Deposition velocity = V d = flux / [SO 2 ] = 1 / r total = 1 / r a + r b + r c ,[object Object],SO2 Stone Water film r a –aerodynamic resistance r b -boundary layer resistance r c water + r c stone (Surface resistance)

Results Treatment Deposition Velocity (cm/s) STDeV HCT DiP 2.45 0.19 OH100 0.01 0.05 Eponex 1510 0.05 0.03 Untreated 0.27 0.06 HCT spray 1.72 0.15 Acryloid B-72 0.04 0.16

Ongoing Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acknowledgements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Effects Of Pollution On Treated Limestone Rough Draft

1. Evaluation of Pollution Uptake on Consolidated Limestone Mary F. Striegel NCPTT

3. Limestone and Marble Limestone Sedimentary rock Calcium Carbonate fossils Marble Metamorphic rock

10. Chemical Structures ?

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16. Methods (e) Application of Treatments Dipping Spraying Ace polyethylene sprayer

17.

18.

19. HCT spray Before HCT spray After Roughness of the core (Sk) =22 µm Roughness of valleys (Svk) =27.1 µm Void volume of valleys (vvv) Vvv =0.00998 Roughness of the core (Sk) =18.3 µm Roughness of valleys (Svk) =29.2 µm Void volume of valleys (vvv) =0.00636 µm 3 / µm 2 Results

20. Results Ion Chromatography Sulfate ions

21.

22. Results

23. Results Treatment Deposition Velocity (cm/s) STDeV HCT DiP 2.45 0.19 OH100 0.01 0.05 Eponex 1510 0.05 0.03 Untreated 0.27 0.06 HCT spray 1.72 0.15 Acryloid B-72 0.04 0.16

24.

25.

Effects Of Pollution On Treated Limestone Rough Draft

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