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Week 5 (Early Greece)

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Steve Santelli

Lecture Slides, NVCC, His 101 070M, Fall 2019

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W E E K 5 The Civilization of the Greeks
Homework  Chapter 4  Discussion (10/10)  PSR #2 (10/13)
• 3 0 0 0 B C – 3 5 0 B C • I N T R O D U C T I O N • B R O N Z E & A R C H A I C A G E • S P A R T A • A T H E N S • T H E P E R S I A N W A R S • T H E G O L D E N A G E Overview Discobolus, c. 450 BC, Myron, Roman Copy
Introduction to Greece  Geography of Greece  Climate  Mediterranean Triad
The Indo-Europeans, c. 2000 BC
Bronze Age Greece  Minoans, c.3000 – 1500 BC  Mycenaeans, c.2000 – 1150 BC  Art  Redistributive Economy Fresco, Thera
Bronze Age Greece
Bull Leaping Fresco, c. 1450 BC
Mask of Agamemnon, c. 1500 BC
The Bronze Age Near East (c. 1400 BC)
Dark Ages, c. 1200 – c. 800 BC  Sea Peoples  Iron Age  Phoenician Alphabet  Homer  8th century BC  Iliad and Odyssey  Aristocrats  Heroes  Arete  Achilles  Human Beings Homer by Jean-Baptiste Auguste Leloir, 1841
Ramses III, Medinet Habu (c. 1176 BC)
The Slaying of Hector, 5th C BC, Athenian
The Bible, Genesis 1:1-5 The Iliad, Book 1, L 1-6 "In the beginning, when God created the heavens and the earth — and the earth was without form or shape, with darkness over the abyss and a mighty wind sweeping over the waters— Then God said: Let there be light, and there was light. God saw that the light was good. God then separated the light from the darkness. God called the light 'day,' and the darkness he called 'night.' Evening came, and morning followed—the first day.” “Sing, O goddess, the wrath of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Zeus fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another.” Founding Documents
Archaic Age, c. 800 BC – 500 BC • Warfare • Chariots • Hoplites • Phalanx • Aristocrats • Farmers • Property Chigi Vase, 640 BC
The Archaic Age (800 – 500 BC)  The Polis  Oikos  Oligarchy  Citizenship  Classes:  Aristocrats/oligarchs  Farmers  Poor  Non-citizens  Slaves  Colonization  Ionian League  Miletus
Greek Colonization
Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy, c. 540-530 BC
Reactions to Oligarchy  Tyrants  Corinth  Cypselus  Trade  Oligarchy  Sparta  Athens  Democracy The Tyrannicides, Kritios and Nesiotes, c. 477 BC
Ancient Greece
Sparta  Lycurgus, c. 700 BC  Mobilized  Messenia  The Agoge  3 classes  Citizens/Spartiates  Periokoi  Helots  Government  Kings  Council of Elders  Ephors  Assembly  The Peloponnesian League
Athenian Democracy  Oligarchy  Pisistratus, 560 BC  Cleisthenes, 508 BC  Government:  Aereopagus  Council of 500  The Assembly  10 Generals  Ostracism  Jury Trials
Pnyx
The Speakers’ Platform
Ostraca
The Ancient World c. 600 BC
The Persian Empire  Late 6th century BC  Indo-European  Cyrus the Great (r. 559 – 530 BC)  Satrap and Satrapy  Immortals  Zoroastrianism  Zoroaster  Ahura Mazda  Ahriman  Magi Tomb of Cyrus the Great
Persepolis, c.500 BC
The Persian Empire
The Persian Wars  Darius I the Great (r. 521-486 BC)  Ionian Revolt (499-494 BC)  Athens  1st Persian Invasion  Battle of Marathon (490 BC)  Pheidippides
The Persian Wars
Burial mound at Marathon
2nd Persian Invasion (480 – 479 BC)  Xerxes I (r. 486 – 465 BC)  Leonidas (540 – 480 BC)  Themistocles (c. 524 – 459 BC)  Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC)  Battle of Salamis (480 BC)  Athenian navy  Trireme  Battle of Plataea (479 BC) Persian Soldiers, Persepolis, 5th Century BC
The Persian Wars
Battles of Thermopylae & Artemisium, 480 BC
“Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by, that here, obedient to their laws, we lie.”
300, film, 2006
Legacy of Thermopylae Leonidas at Thermopylae, David, 1814 The Fall of the Alamo, Robert Jenkins Onderdonk, 1903
Thermopylae Today
Thermopylae Today
Thermopylae Today
Thermopylae Today
2nd Persian Invasion (480 – 479 BC)  Xerxes I (r. 486 – 465 BC)  Leonidas (540 – 480 BC)  Themistocles (c. 524 – 459 BC)  Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC)  Battle of Salamis (480 BC)  Athenian navy  Trireme  Battle of Plataea (479 BC) Persian Soldiers, Persepolis, 5th Century BC
Battle of Salamis
Votive Offering, Athens, late 5th Cent BC
Olympias
5th Century Greek Trireme
The Persian Empire

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Week 5 (Early Greece)

  • 1. W E E K 5 The Civilization of the Greeks
  • 2. Homework  Chapter 4  Discussion (10/10)  PSR #2 (10/13)
  • 3. • 3 0 0 0 B C – 3 5 0 B C • I N T R O D U C T I O N • B R O N Z E & A R C H A I C A G E • S P A R T A • A T H E N S • T H E P E R S I A N W A R S • T H E G O L D E N A G E Overview Discobolus, c. 450 BC, Myron, Roman Copy
  • 4. Introduction to Greece  Geography of Greece  Climate  Mediterranean Triad
  • 6. Bronze Age Greece  Minoans, c.3000 – 1500 BC  Mycenaeans, c.2000 – 1150 BC  Art  Redistributive Economy Fresco, Thera
  • 8. Bull Leaping Fresco, c. 1450 BC
  • 9. Mask of Agamemnon, c. 1500 BC
  • 10. The Bronze Age Near East (c. 1400 BC)
  • 11. Dark Ages, c. 1200 – c. 800 BC  Sea Peoples  Iron Age  Phoenician Alphabet  Homer  8th century BC  Iliad and Odyssey  Aristocrats  Heroes  Arete  Achilles  Human Beings Homer by Jean-Baptiste Auguste Leloir, 1841
  • 12. Ramses III, Medinet Habu (c. 1176 BC)
  • 13. The Slaying of Hector, 5th C BC, Athenian
  • 14. The Bible, Genesis 1:1-5 The Iliad, Book 1, L 1-6 "In the beginning, when God created the heavens and the earth — and the earth was without form or shape, with darkness over the abyss and a mighty wind sweeping over the waters— Then God said: Let there be light, and there was light. God saw that the light was good. God then separated the light from the darkness. God called the light 'day,' and the darkness he called 'night.' Evening came, and morning followed—the first day.” “Sing, O goddess, the wrath of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Zeus fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another.” Founding Documents
  • 15. Archaic Age, c. 800 BC – 500 BC • Warfare • Chariots • Hoplites • Phalanx • Aristocrats • Farmers • Property Chigi Vase, 640 BC
  • 16. The Archaic Age (800 – 500 BC)  The Polis  Oikos  Oligarchy  Citizenship  Classes:  Aristocrats/oligarchs  Farmers  Poor  Non-citizens  Slaves  Colonization  Ionian League  Miletus
  • 18. Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy, c. 540-530 BC
  • 19. Reactions to Oligarchy  Tyrants  Corinth  Cypselus  Trade  Oligarchy  Sparta  Athens  Democracy The Tyrannicides, Kritios and Nesiotes, c. 477 BC
  • 21. Sparta  Lycurgus, c. 700 BC  Mobilized  Messenia  The Agoge  3 classes  Citizens/Spartiates  Periokoi  Helots  Government  Kings  Council of Elders  Ephors  Assembly  The Peloponnesian League
  • 22. Athenian Democracy  Oligarchy  Pisistratus, 560 BC  Cleisthenes, 508 BC  Government:  Aereopagus  Council of 500  The Assembly  10 Generals  Ostracism  Jury Trials
  • 23. Pnyx
  • 26. The Ancient World c. 600 BC
  • 27. The Persian Empire  Late 6th century BC  Indo-European  Cyrus the Great (r. 559 – 530 BC)  Satrap and Satrapy  Immortals  Zoroastrianism  Zoroaster  Ahura Mazda  Ahriman  Magi Tomb of Cyrus the Great
  • 30. The Persian Wars  Darius I the Great (r. 521-486 BC)  Ionian Revolt (499-494 BC)  Athens  1st Persian Invasion  Battle of Marathon (490 BC)  Pheidippides
  • 32.
  • 33. Burial mound at Marathon
  • 34. 2nd Persian Invasion (480 – 479 BC)  Xerxes I (r. 486 – 465 BC)  Leonidas (540 – 480 BC)  Themistocles (c. 524 – 459 BC)  Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC)  Battle of Salamis (480 BC)  Athenian navy  Trireme  Battle of Plataea (479 BC) Persian Soldiers, Persepolis, 5th Century BC
  • 36. Battles of Thermopylae & Artemisium, 480 BC
  • 37. “Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by, that here, obedient to their laws, we lie.”
  • 39. Legacy of Thermopylae Leonidas at Thermopylae, David, 1814 The Fall of the Alamo, Robert Jenkins Onderdonk, 1903
  • 44. 2nd Persian Invasion (480 – 479 BC)  Xerxes I (r. 486 – 465 BC)  Leonidas (540 – 480 BC)  Themistocles (c. 524 – 459 BC)  Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC)  Battle of Salamis (480 BC)  Athenian navy  Trireme  Battle of Plataea (479 BC) Persian Soldiers, Persepolis, 5th Century BC
  • 45.
  • 47. Votive Offering, Athens, late 5th Cent BC
  • 49. 5th Century Greek Trireme