Game Over or Game Changing? Why Software Development May Never be the same again

@spoole167
Game Over Or Game Changing?
Why software development may never be the same again
Steve Poole
Sonatype
@spoole167
sonatype.com/devsignup

This talk is about
• How the nature of cyber attacks is changing
• A new US government initiative to combat this challenge
• How that initiative will impact how software is developed in the future

@spoole167
Files won’t open
“There is no application set to
open the document”
“Windows can’t open this file ”

@spoole167
Systems won’t start
“Unable to read config files”
‘missing dll”

@spoole167
Unexpected files on the system
micro
https://techdator.net/ransomware-file-extensions/
zepto
locky
cerber
cryp1
osiris
crypz
locked
decrypt2017
r5a
enigma
surprise
evillock
fu*ked

@spoole167
Explicit
information

@spoole167
You’re the victim of a Ransomware Attack

@spoole167
Somewhere is a link to a cryptocurrency
wallet and an amount you must pay.

@spoole167
How does it start?
Mostly phishing, malware, mostly targeted at Windows clients
Malware
Installer
Malware Malware

@spoole167
Not your usual Phishing…

@spoole167
DEAR SIR/MA'AM.
YOUR ATM CARD OF $10.5MILLION DOLLARS WAS RETURNED TODAY BY OUR COURIER DELIVERY
COMPANY, AND WE ARE GOING TO CANCEL THE ATM CARD IF YOU FAILS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THIS
MESSAGE, WE SHALL ALSO ASSUME THAT WHAT OUR COURIER DELIVERY COMPANY TOLD US IS
NOTHING BUT THE TRUTH THAT YOU DON'T NEED YOUR ATM CARD OF $10.5 MILLION DOLLARS ANY
LONGER.
DO ACKNOWLEDGE THIS MESSAGE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
YOURS FAITHFULLY.
YOURS SINCERELY,
MR MARK WRIGHT,
DIRECTOR FOREIGN REMITTANCE
ATM CARD SWIFT PAYMENT DEPARTMENT
ZENITH BANK OF NIGERIA.
😀

@spoole167
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Anti-Terrorist And Monitory Crime Division.
Federal Bureau Of Investigation.
J.Edgar.Hoover Building Washington Dc
Customers Service Hours / Monday To Saturday
Office Hours Monday To Saturday:
Dear Beneficiary,
Series of meetings have been held over the past 7 months with the secretary general of the
United Nations Organization. This ended 3 days ago. It is obvious that you have not received
your fund which is to the tune of $16.5million due to past corrupt Governmental Officials who
almost held the fund to themselves for their selfish reason and some individuals who have
taken advantage of your fund all in an attempt to swindle your fund which has led to so many
losses from your end and unnecessary delay in the receipt of your fund.for more information
do get back to us.
….
Upon receipt of payment the delivery officer will ensure that your package is sent within 24
working hours.
😀

@spoole167
From <your boss>
I’ve spoken to the XYZ company CEO and they will send us the goods if we
pay $3M immediately. Details below.
I’m off to the golf course – no distractions please.

@spoole167
an email from an international
transport company urging
recipients to open a waybill

@spoole167
Many Ransomware attacked are specifically targeted at
certain types of organisation
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Government
Education
Services
Healthcare
Technology
Manufacturing
Retail
Utilities
Finance
Other
% Attacks
Attacks

@spoole167
Many are specifically targeted at a single company or
organisation
With personalized attacks you invest more and make it compelling.
Your victims views on Facebook about their boss, how busy they are,
important deals coming up. It all helps to craft that million dollar attack…

@spoole167
Other vectors: network and delivery vulnerabilities

@spoole167
Other vectors: supply chain attacks
Hack software delivery
systems - upstream

@spoole167
The aim, as always is
Remote Code Execution

@spoole167
Once in the malware calls back home for encryption keys

@spoole167
And uses
sophisticated
techniques to
encrypt your system.
One file at a time
Least used first ..

@spoole167
While copying critical data out,
disguised as normal traffic
Sometimes hidden in other
payloads, protocols
Sometimes as responses to
‘legitimate’ requests
Almost always via botnets

@spoole167
Not new news?
here’s the punchline …

@spoole167
Ransomware can often be a visible
test of an attack methodology
the money can be secondary

@spoole167
Cyber Attacks are rising in number and sophistication
Nation states are preparing for the next war – and that all about software
The aim is to infiltrate infrastructure and essential services…

@spoole167
And manipulate or terminate

0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Cybercrime Drug trade

@spoole167
Sounds bad?
$6 Trillion is just the ransomware
Estimates go as high as $30 Trillion for everything else.

@spoole167
That’s about $175 000
for every adult in the world

@spoole167
This new phase
of cyber attacks
Are state funded
Professionally developed
Regularly exercised
Very sophisticated
And extremely lucrative

@spoole167
The incentive is huge
Weaponised Cybercrime is
the new reality
Nation states are preparing for the next war – and that all
about software
@spoole167

@spoole167
Open Source – the golden goose

@spoole167
Most
applications
are 90%
open
source
Dependencies
Payroll App V1

@spoole167
3 Million
Projects
37 Million
Versions
2.2 Trillion
Downloads
The amount of open source
available is truly staggering
Java
Javascript
Python
.Net

@spoole167
Open source is built on trust.
We trust it so much it’s growing
at 73% per year
By 2025 there could be
20 Trillion downloads a year
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
downloads

@spoole167
Cybercriminals used to search for vulnerabilities

Now they make their own
Typosquatting
A lookalike
domain,
dependency with
one or two wrong
or different
characters
Open source
repo attacks
Build Tool
attacks
Attempts to get
malware or
weaknesses
added into
dependency
source via social
or tools
Attempts to get
malware into the
tools that are
used to produce
dependencies
Dependency
confusion
Attempts to get a
Different version
added into a binary
repository
Often “latest”
@spoole167 sonatype.com/devsignup

@spoole167
Put a
different
way…
Payroll App V1

@spoole167
Bad guys used to
look for code
weaknesses here
Dependencies
Payroll App V1

@spoole167
Now they
are adding
their own
upstream
Dependencies
Tools Runtimes
Platforms
Payroll App V1
Code
generators

@spoole167
Many are
designed to
stay hidden
until
needed
Dependencies
Tools Runtimes
Platforms
Payroll App V1
Code
generators

@spoole167
Blind trust in Open Source software is evaporating
5% of the projects on Maven Central already have a vulnerability of CVSS 9 or 10
Now there are direct attacks on open source projects and maintainers to gain access to
source repos or release processes
Now there are direct attacks to insert malicious code via pull requests
Now there are direct attacks on the compilers and packaging tools

@spoole167 sonatype.com/devsignup

@spoole167
This year we finally came together to try to do something about
cyber attacks – it focuses first on making s/w more trustworthy

@spoole167
17 May 2021
Joe Biden

@spoole167
The Executive
Order
Recognizes the need to form a united front
against “malicious cyber actors”
Outlines a direction for closer working between
all parts of the software industry
Adds new requirements on software vendors
selling to the US government
Will change how we produce and consume
software.

@spoole167
Hardening the software supply chain : every product
has a SBOM
uses an automatic
supply chain process
has evidence of
software integrity
has evidence of
an automatic
vulnerability check
process
Has a vulnerability
disclosure program
Has evidence on the
providence of all
software used
Demonstrates strong
controls over the use
of internal and third-
party software and
services
Demonstrate regular
audit processes

@spoole167
SBOM – the new important term on the horizon
cyclonedx.org spdx.dev

@spoole167
Modern
Vulnerability
tools scan your
builds
Dependencies
Payroll App V1

@spoole167
Tracking
dependencies
relies on tools
that analyze
the end result
Web Server
05.1.2
Acme
Framework 2.1
Payroll App V1

@spoole167
Which relies on
transparency
Web Server
05.1.2
Acme
Framework 2.1
Payroll App V1

@spoole167
Which can be
problematic Web Server
05.1.2
Acme
Framework
Incomplete Data
Opaque
Dependencies
Payroll App V1

@spoole167
And is always
incomplete
Or even faked Web Server
05.1.2
Acme
Framework
What’s in the
runtimes?
What tools were used to
build?
Payroll App V1

@spoole167
A SBOM provides evidence on how software was built
Web Server
05.1.2
Acme
Framework
Payroll App V1
Runtime V2
OS V3.4
Compiler V9
CI/CD V2
OS V6
Compiler
Environmental
Information
All componentry

@spoole167
1.1
Foo 2.1 Bar 3.1
This
product
Dependency ref

@spoole167
1.1
Foo 2.1 Bar 3.1
Becomes
this
product
Dependency ref
Dependency SBOM ref url url
SBOM signature SHA1024 SHA1024
Product URL url
Product signature SHA1024

@spoole167
Becomes
this
1.1
Foo 2.1 Bar 3.1
url url
SHA SHA
url
SHA1024
Gcc 3.6 RHEL
url url
SHA SHA
zip
url
SHA
Jenkins
url
SHA
Github
action
url
url

@spoole167
And you
‘inherit’
all their SBOM
info too
(and all their
dependents)
1.1
url
SHA1024

@spoole167
Which means?
More likelihood
of finding
issues
1.1
url
SHA1024

@spoole167
Which means?
More issues
more often
1.1
url
SHA1024

The way you build software
is going to change
You can expect every government to
follow suit on this sort of initiative
Even if you're not selling directly, you
could be in a chain that is
The prediction is that by 2025 every
software vendor, open source project
etc will have to provide this proof
Manual anything is going to be
problematic

@spoole167
You will need
• to be able to track back exactly how, where and with what your s/w
was built.
• To be able to deal with an increase in the number of reported
vulnerabilities
• Be able to build your s/w automatically at a moments notice
• To provide to others your ‘SBOM’
The next wave is moving from IAC to
EAC (Everything as code)

@spoole167
The way you choose open source
software is going to change
• What do you do if a open-source component you
rely on doesn’t comply?
• How much risk are you willing to take?
• Even if they say yes - how much can you trust them?
• Do they have an SBOM?
• What’s their ability to provide updates.
• What’s their security posture.
Not just is it free,
does it do what I
want?

@spoole167
What tools can you use to help?

@spoole167
Many tools
to help with your
code

@spoole167
And quite a few to tell you about your dependencies

@spoole167
but even with the best tools in the world …

@spoole167
The best tools right now are these

@spoole167
Time to exercise your suspicious brain, find code smells and
LOOK closely at the projects you’re using
Build your own selection
criteria or use ours

things to check for
License /
security.md file
Vulnerability
reporting process
Development
process (how to
they review
contributions)
Build process – is
it secure? Who can
trigger it?
General
assessment of
their quality
(MTTU)

things to check for
unexpected
release frequency
number and
activity patterns
of committers
Do they do Static
Analysis and
Security Testing
(SAST)
Are they prone to
making breaking
changes
Do they often have
no path forward
(latest version has
vulnerabilities)

@spoole167
This is obviously hard and time consuming
Getting your own supply chain
in a fit state is one thing

@spoole167
This is obviously hard and time consuming
What about all your
dependencies?

obvious thoughts
BYO pipelines will get replaced by
commercial ones.
Automated, evidence based everything-
as-code supply chains is the way forward
But developer productivity is going to be
impacted before we get there
Consuming open source directly will
reduce. You’ll pay for trusted versions or
have very strict consumption policies

obvious thoughts
commercial ones.
Those that can create
automated, highly productive
supply chains will have an
immediate competitive
advantage

This is the cost for dealing with
commercial ones.
The new motives behind cyber
attacks
The increase in risk of being
attacked – because your in
someones supply chain
Open Source still the primary
vector
The long term transformation of
open source communities

This is the cost for dealing with
commercial ones.
The new motives behind cyber
attacks
The increase in risk of being
attacked – because your in
someones supply chain
Open Source still the primary
vector
The long term transformation of
open source communities
It’s still all software – it’s still up to us to make the world safer.

@spoole167
Takeaways
• The days of just taking software off the shelf are numbered : choose software based
on how it’s produced not just what it does
• Evidence based trust will become essential : Your own supply chain – the software
you use, how you develop, how you deploy will become a certified step in someone
else's evidence chain.
• A complex and challenging new world lies ahead. GDPR changed how we thought
and deal with user information – supply chains are going to get the same sort of
scrutiny.
• It’s time to reassess tools and vendors. Look for a partner you can trust to build
supply chains you and the world can rely on

bit.ly/software-supply-chain
@spoole167

Game Over or Game Changing? Why Software Development May Never be the same again

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