1. PH Meter
Stephen C Pramod
Asst Prof., Dept of EIE,
CVR College of Engineering,
Vasthunagar, Mangalpalli,
Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad – 501510
Ph:9885819803, Mail ID: pramod.kumar@cvr.ac.in
2.
3. PH Meter
Principle
pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
pH= -log [ H+ ]
p = power
H = hydrogen
[H+ ] = hydrogen ion concentration
The pH of a solution can be measured by the pH meter. The glass
electrode is an half cell and the calomel electrode is another half cell.
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8. Electrodes and Potentiometry
Reference Electrodes
2.) Silver-Silver Chloride Reference Electrode
Convenient
- Common problem is porous plug becomes clogged
Eo
= +0.222 V
Activity of Cl-
not 1E(sat,KCl) = +0.197 V
10. Electrodes and Potentiometry
Reference Electrodes
3.) Saturated Calomel Reference Electrode (S.C.E)
Saturated KCl maintains constant [Cl-
] even with
some evaporation
Standard hydrogen electrodes are cumbersome
- Requires H2 gas and freshly prepared Pt surface
Eo
= +0.268 V
Activity of Cl-
not 1E(sat,KCl) = +0.241 V
11. Electrodes and Potentiometry
pH Electrodes
1.) pH Measurement with a Glass Electrode
Glass electrode is most common ion-selective electrode
Combination electrode incorporates both glass and reference
electrode in one body
Ag(s)|AgCl(s)|Cl-
(aq)||H+
(aq,outside) H+
(aq,inside),Cl-
(aq)|AgCl(s)|Ag(s)
Outer reference
electrode
[H+
] outside
(analyte solution)
[H+
] inside Inner reference
electrode
Glass membrane
Selectively binds H+
Electric potential is generated by [H+
] difference across glass membrane
12. Electrodes and Potentiometry
pH Electrodes
1.) pH Measurement with a Glass Electrode
Glass electrode is most common ion-selective electrode
Combination electrode incorporates both glass and reference
electrode in one body
Ag(s)|AgCl(s)|Cl-
(aq)||H+
(aq,outside) H+
(aq,inside),Cl-
(aq)|AgCl(s)|Ag(s)
Outer reference
electrode
[H+
] outside
(analyte solution)
[H+
] inside Inner reference
electrode
Glass membrane
Selectively binds H+
Electric potential is generated by [H+
] difference across glass membrane
13. Following reactions take place in the electrodes
● The glass electrode contains Ag, AgCl, and HCL. All these remain in the
ionized state.
Ag <—————> Ag+ + e–
AgCl <—————> Ag+ + Cl-
HCL <—————> H+ + Cl–
All the above three equilibrium reactions are balanced. In the glass electrode, H+
is generated.
● The calomel electrode contains Hg, Hg2Cl2 , and KCL.
Here also the following series of ionizations take place.
Hg <————> Hg+ + e-
Hg2Cl2 <————> 2Hg+ + 2Cl-
KCL <————> K+ + Cl-
The above equilibrium reactions are balanced. In the calomel electrode, H+ is not
generated.
21. Applications of pH meter
● For the diagnosis of various disorders in human
body
● Agriculture
● Brewing
● Corrosion Prevention
● Dyeing
● Jam and Jelly Manufacturing
● Printing
● Pharmaceuticals