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Using Digital Technologies to
Research Children in Time
Stefanie Duguay
Why use digital technologies to research
children in time?
 Why research children?
 They are tomorrow’s adults;
 Their actions affect the future of our society;
 They are subject to moral panics.
 Why use digital technologies?
 Children are the most rapid adopters of new technologies;
 Technology has an impact on children’s lives;
 There is no online/offline divide.
 Why incorporate time?
 Longitudinal studies produce robust findings;
 Researching children over time maps behaviour to development;
 Technology provides a digital archive of people’s lives.
Digital Tools for Research
 There are a range of digital tools for
research. For example:
 Automatic tracking tools and ways
for co-researchers to easily record
their online activity;
 Applications for gathering data;
 Social network analysis programs;
 NameGenWeb is an app that
demonstrates digital data collection
and SNA.
Researching Digital Data
 Life online can be investigated through:
 Interviews;
 Walk-throughs of SNS profiles, blogs, mobile apps, etc.
 Content analysis of
material posted over
time;
 Online surveys, focus
groups, etc.
Digital Dissemination
 Different digital techniques can be used to distribute findings
to various stakeholders:
 Participants/co-researchers: Blogs, videos, space for them to
comment and validate findings;
 The public: Discussion boards, easy access to knowledge
through social media, interactive spaces;
 The academic community: Sharing across departments and
disciplines through websites, webcasts, videos, and listservs.
Challenges in Digital Research with Children
 Digital challenges:
 Informed consent;
 Securing tons of data.
 Working with children
 Power relationships;
 Access;
 Confidentiality.
 Challenges and the need for extra measures should not
prevent us from working with children as co-researchers.
Conclusion
 If we do not use digital technologies when co-researching with
children, we miss a great deal of the most essential
communication, learning, and self-expression that is taking
place in children’s lives.
 Digital technology can be used to create research tools, gather
and analyse digital data, and disseminate research findings in
order to have an impact on future research, policy
decisions, and the public’s understanding of children’s lives.
 References, links, and further information available here.

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Using Digital Technologies to Research Children in Time

  • 1. Using Digital Technologies to Research Children in Time Stefanie Duguay
  • 2. Why use digital technologies to research children in time?  Why research children?  They are tomorrow’s adults;  Their actions affect the future of our society;  They are subject to moral panics.  Why use digital technologies?  Children are the most rapid adopters of new technologies;  Technology has an impact on children’s lives;  There is no online/offline divide.  Why incorporate time?  Longitudinal studies produce robust findings;  Researching children over time maps behaviour to development;  Technology provides a digital archive of people’s lives.
  • 3. Digital Tools for Research  There are a range of digital tools for research. For example:  Automatic tracking tools and ways for co-researchers to easily record their online activity;  Applications for gathering data;  Social network analysis programs;  NameGenWeb is an app that demonstrates digital data collection and SNA.
  • 4. Researching Digital Data  Life online can be investigated through:  Interviews;  Walk-throughs of SNS profiles, blogs, mobile apps, etc.  Content analysis of material posted over time;  Online surveys, focus groups, etc.
  • 5. Digital Dissemination  Different digital techniques can be used to distribute findings to various stakeholders:  Participants/co-researchers: Blogs, videos, space for them to comment and validate findings;  The public: Discussion boards, easy access to knowledge through social media, interactive spaces;  The academic community: Sharing across departments and disciplines through websites, webcasts, videos, and listservs.
  • 6. Challenges in Digital Research with Children  Digital challenges:  Informed consent;  Securing tons of data.  Working with children  Power relationships;  Access;  Confidentiality.  Challenges and the need for extra measures should not prevent us from working with children as co-researchers.
  • 7. Conclusion  If we do not use digital technologies when co-researching with children, we miss a great deal of the most essential communication, learning, and self-expression that is taking place in children’s lives.  Digital technology can be used to create research tools, gather and analyse digital data, and disseminate research findings in order to have an impact on future research, policy decisions, and the public’s understanding of children’s lives.  References, links, and further information available here.

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. This can really be broken down into 3 questions:Why research children? As Livingstone (2009) points out, children are often ignored in population-level studies but tomorrow's adults are children today, therefore their current lives, activities, and influences will have an effect on the future of our society. There is also a great deal of moral panic and sensational rhetoric perpetuated in the media (Selwyn, 2003) that necessitates research in order to dispel myths and actually get to the bottom of what's happening in children's lives. Professor Kehily explains this further in the video at the bottom of her research page.Why use digital technologies? Studies continue to show that people under 18 are still the most rapid adopters of new technology (Dutton & Blank, 2011; Madden, Lenhart, Duggan, Cortesi, & Gasser, 2013). While I've been focusing on the ways in which social networking sites, like Facebook, are important to young people's identity formation and participation in society (boyd, 2007, 2011), technology in general is essential to children's learning and social development (Ito et al., 2010). Therefore, any research about children will need to be digital in some way in order to investigate how their lives are interwoven with technology.What does time have to do with it? Not only do longitudinal studies show us how behaviour and social interaction changes over time, but they also provide more robust findings than one-time surveys and interviews because they let us know what we're seeing is an enduring pattern and not just an outlier or a blip in the data. Researching children over time also helps us to understand how people, activities, and behaviour feature differently throughout their development and life course (Furlong, 2013). However, in a world where funding is scarce in the social sciences and funders want significant findings immediately, fewer longitudinal studies are being carried out. Alternatively, digital technologies can provide us with records of activity over time. From individuals' browser history to their Facebook Timeline and Tumblr posts, most technology-users have amassed a digital archive that is available if you have the right tools to access it.
  2. Having taken the OII's seminar on Digital Social Research, which helped me develop a beginner's knowledge of some coding languages including python and PHP, I see lots of opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration between social scientists and computer scientists in this area. With most social platforms having readily available APIs and programming toolkits, there is no limit to the range of research-based applications that can be created. Whether it's an app that embeds a survey into Facebook or that collects non-reactive data, such as my Like Collector project, participants simply need to grant access to the program and it does the rest of the work.I also learned about a swath of digital tools for social network analysis in my other option course at the OII. Using a variety of programs, such as NodeXL, data about individuals' social networks can be collected from Facebook, Twitter, or e-mail. These programs can then be used to analyse social graphs to identify clusters of contacts and important people in networks, such as those who bridge different groups. Since children's lives are so intensely involved in their social networks, this type of analysis can provide a world of insight into cliques, isolation, and the 'popular' kids.The OII-developed app NameGenWeb is a good example of both these types of digital data collection and analysis tools together. Explain my social graph.
  3. Researching Digital DataPeople like to share about what they do online. Whether this is because the Internet is an outlet for creative endeavours or because people spend so much time expressing themselves on social platforms, they seem to be open to talking about it for hours. Therefore, my approach of interviewing young people about Facebook and having them walk through their social media accounts has been extremely effective at understanding not only data they have online but also their intentions, awareness, and motivations behind their online activities. The semi-structured interview is flexible enough to uncover new and unexpected things about technology use and online demonstrations act in the same way as photo elicitation (Harper, 2002) to help people remember what they've done online and why.Of course, this is not the only way to access the mediated aspects of people's lives. Another approach is to carry out content analysis of all the material people post. Years of status updates, tweets, and blog posts can give a world of insight into the way young people develop and change over time. Traditional methods, such as surveys and focus groups, can also be moved online to reference mediated activity while participants provide feedback about it.
  4. Digital DisseminationPublicising findings online increases both the reach and impact of research. When I think about who needs to know about my research outcomes, three groups of stakeholders come to mind:The participants/co-researchers - First and foremost, I feel that the people who have taken the time to co-create the knowledge necessary for the study deserve to know its outcomes. I'm a firm believer in enhancing the credibility of research by having participants validate, dispute, or add to the findings (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). Participants can also play a key role in knowledge dissemination by creating online content, such as telling their stories through blogs or apps like Tellagami.The public - The Internet means that we no longer have to wait until policy-makers and legislators notice our research in order for it to reach people who might be affected by its outcomes. By having a presence on Twitter, Facebook, and by encouraging interactive discussion around research findings, we can reduce the gap between academia and real-world applications of findings. We can empower people to understand children's experiences and the real risks and benefits of their engagement with technology. In turn, creating a larger buzz in public will hopefully spur bureaucrats and policy-makers to take greater heed of research findings and incorporate them sooner than later. Engage the public through interactive spaces like the Making Modern Motherhood website. The academic community - Research related to children and digital technologies is very interdisciplinary since its outcomes could have implications for researchers in the areas of political science, sociology, youth studies, media studies, computer science, etc. Too often academic departments function as knowledge silos where research is not informed by projects at other universities or in connected disciplines. Disseminating research through webpages, webcasts, online videos, and old-fashioned listservs, ensures that we can build on work that others are doing in order to make even larger strides in the generation of comprehensive knowledge about these multi-disciplinary topics.
  5. A Note about ChallengesWhile research involving digital technologies opens up new opportunities, it also carries with it risks and ethical concerns, such as gaining informed consent proportional to the huge amount of data that is being gathered about participants. This, paired with the power imbalance between researchers and children (Morrow, 2008), means that research projects need to be well thought out and that extra measures need to be taken to protect children's safety and confidentiality (such as in projects like Livingstone, Haddon, Görzig, & Olafsson, 2010's investigation of children's encounters with risky online content, like violent or sexual material). At the same time, research about children's lives must involve them and it is essential to carry out research that is for children, not on children (Balen et al., 2006) by having them participate as active co-creators of knowledge.I have had a CRB check done, obtained a basic disclosure. Also have experience gaining access to participants through navigating the right channels and being persistent while professional.
  6. Using digital technologies to research children in time means harnessing digital tools, investigating mediated aspects of children’s lives, and disseminating research findings through digital means that increase their impact. Through this approach, we can produce robust research outcomes that develop a deeper understanding of children’s lives over time and pave the way for future research.