PPT about pollution and mental health

1. Welcome
WELCOME

2. POLLUTION

3. Pollution
• Pollution can be defined as a change in the physical,
chemical or biological characteristics of air, water and soil
that can affect the health, survival or activities of human in
an unwanted way.
• Pollution is the addition to the ecosystem of something,
which has a detrimental effect on it..
• Pollution is the addition of unwanted substances or effects
which adversely alters the natural or manmade
environment.

4. Sources of pollution
• Gases: sulphur diooxide, carbondioxide,
carbonmonooxide ammonia, nitrogen oxide hydrogen
sulphide from industry and vehicle etc.
• Metal like lead, iron, zinc etc.
• Poisonous chemical used in agricultural fields like
pesticides, herbicides, fungisides etc.
• Other chemical compounds like hydrogen cyanide,
aldehydes, hydrogen fluorides etc.

5. Sources of pollution…
• Fertilizers
• Noise produced in factories and from vehicles.
• Excessive heat from nuclear reactors or from
any other sources.
• Radioactive substances
• Dust, smoke etc.

6. Type of pollution
• Air pollution
• Water pollution
• Noise pollution
• Soil/ land pollution

7. Air pollution
• Air is a mechanical mixture of gases. The normal
composition of external air by volume is approximately as
follows: Nitrogen - 78.1 %; Oxygen - 20.93 %; Carbon
dioxide - 0.03 %.
• Air pollution is the accumulation of harmful gases and
substances in the atmosphere in sufficient concentration,
that endanger human health or produce other measured
effects on living matter and other materials.

8. Air pollution…
• The major types of pollutants are
carbonmonooxidde, hydrocarbons, nitrogen
oxides, sulphur diooxide and photochemical
oxidants.

9. Sources of Air Pollution
(a) Automobiles: Motor vehicles are a major source of air
pollution throughout the urban areas. (b) INDUSTRIES
: Industries emit large amounts of pollutants into the
atmosphere. Combustion of fuel to generate heat and
power produces smoke, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides.
(b) Domestic sources : Domestic combustion like coal,
wood or oil is a major source of smoke, dust, sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
(c) Tobacco smoke: The most direct and important source
of air pollution affecting the health of many people
include tobacco smoke. Even those who do not smoke
may inhale the smoke produced by others ("passive
smoking")

10. Sources of Air Pollution…
(d) Chemical fertilizers: The chemical fertilizers which
are used to increase agriculture production produce
pollutants like nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide, ammonia
and urea dust which pollute the air in the community.
(e) Miscellaneous : These comprise burning refuse.
incinerators, pesticide spraying, natural sources (e.g..
wind borne dust, fungi, bacteria) and nuclear energy
programmes. All these contribute to air pollution.

11. Effects of Air Pollution
• It yields many effects on man as well as to the surroundings. These
include:
Effects on human health
• Respiratory disorders: Generally air pollution causes irritation of
nose and throat, respiratory damage which include bronchitis,
asthma, emphysema etc. It also increases susceptibility to infection
of respiratory tract.
• Heart problems: Air pollution with carbonmonoxide is found to
cause heart disorders. Carbonmonoxide when inhaled reduces
oxygen in the blood which increases the risk of heart attacks.
Burning charcoal in the closed rooms at nights in winter have
resulted in deaths in sleep due to choking because of
carbonmonoxide.
• Brain damage and nervous breakdown: Hydrogen sulphide in the
air cause brain damage and affects nervous system. Lead can cause
permanent brain damage and reduces ability to concentrate,
irritation and hyperactivity in children below 5 years. Growth and
development in children is retarted in children. The main source of
lead is exhaust from automobiles which has cumulative effects.

12. Effects of air pollution
Effects of health…
• Cancer: Inhalation of diesel and petrol exhaust
can cause lung cancer because of carbon
particles and benzene. Some of the
hydrocarbons can cause anemia and blood
cancer.
• Eye problems: Air polluted with nitrogen
dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone etc can cause
irritation, conjunctivitis and even blindness.

13. Effects on air pollution
Effects on soil
• Air pollution abrades, corrodes and tarnishes soil.
These effects reduces the fertility of soil.
Effects on plants
• Air pollution cause disappearance of chlorophyll,
breakdown of plant cells and premature leaf fall. Ozone
mainly affects field crop, fruits and trees.
Other effects of Air Pollution
• The green house effect
• Acid rain
• Ozone depeletion

14. Monitoring, Prevention and Control
of Air Pollution
Monitoring of Air Pollution
• The indicators for air pollution includes sulphur dioxide, smoke and
suspended particles. Air pollution index takes into consideration of more
than one indicator to analyse the severity of pollution.
Prevention and control of Air Pollution
Because of its vital effects on human beings and surroundings, this
problems must be prevented and controlled by taking appropriate
measures of prevention and control of air pollution which are briefly
described below:
• Contaminated method: The use of exhaust fans, suction apparatus, air
cleaning devices, automobile filters prevents mixing from the source with
the surrounding air.
• Replacement method: In this method pollution producing substances and
processes are replaced with non polluting substances and processes, e.g.
use of nonleaded petrol instead of leaded petrol, use of Solar instead of
gobar/natural gas instead of firewood, coal, replacement of coal based
electricity production plants by hydroelectric power or windpower
generators etc

15. Monitoring, Prevention and Control
of Air Pollution…
• Dilution: It refers to extensive planting of trees and
vegetation around industrial and residential areas which is
also called as establishing green belt. Another way of
dilution includes discharging of gases/smoke through the
long chimney high up to the atmosphere where it gets
dispersed and diluted.
• Disinfection of air: The method includes mechanical
ventilation which helps in reducing vitiated air and bacterial
density, ultraviolet radiation for disinfecting operation
theater and infectious disease ward etc, chemical mists
controls bacteria, application of oil on floor to reduce
infection.
• Legislative method: It refers to establishing of act which
can set some norms for precautionary measures to be
implemented by the factories, automobiles etc.

16. Monitoring, Prevention and Control
of Air Pollution…
• International Action: WHO has established regional
centers at London, Washington, Moscow, Nagpur and
Tokyo and 20 other laboratories in various parts of the
world. These laboratories and centers are set up to
study the air pollution level and issue warning of air
pollution when and where necessary.
• Dust control: It can be done by frequent wet dusting
and wet cleaning of floors of health centers, hospital
wards, houses, roads etc. This not only reduces dust but
also the bacterial content.
• Management of transport and road traffic: It
includes having good public transport system so that
people travel by this system and not by individual car.

17. Noise pollution
• Noise is often defined as "unwanted sound", but
this definition is subjective because of the fact
that one man's sound may be another man's noise.
Perhaps a better definition of noise is : "wrong
sound, in the wrong place, at the wrong time".
• Noise has become a very important "stress factor"
in the environment of man. The term "Noise
• Pollution" has been recently coined to signify the
vast cacophony of sounds that are being produced
in the modern life, leading to health hazards.

18. The sources of noise
• Sources at domestic sites: these include various types
of electronic sound and video systems, e.g. radio,
loudspeaker, television, record player etc. They also
includes other electronic machines like grinders and
mixers, coolers, generators and air-conditioners.
• Sources at Roadsides: These include various types of
automobiles, busy traffics and vehicles, their engines
and horns. All these produce high intensity sounds
which pollute the environment.
• Sources at construction site: these include bulldozers,
concrete mixers, cutting and crushing machines,
hammer strikes etc. All these produce thundering and
roaring sounds which cause noise pollution that are
harmful to workers as well as people living in and
around the areas.

19. Source of noise…
• Sources at factory sites: These include various
types of noise producing machines e.g. drill and
milling machines, rollers, cranes etc and produce
very high intensity sounds which are deafening
and harmful otherwise to workers and people in
surrounding areas.
• Other sources: These include recreational noise
of loudspeakers with full volume during festivities
particularly at night , aeroplane, rock music, drum
beating and fire works.

20. Effects of noise exposure
• As per WHO, prescribed optimum noise levels is 45lb
during the day and 35 db during night and anything above
80db is hazardous. The effects of noise exposure are of two
types : auditory and non-auditory.
(1) AUDITORY EFFECTS: It includes:
• Auditory fatigue : It appears in the 90 dB region and
greatest at 4000 Hz. It may be associated with side effects
such as whistling and buzzing in the ears,
• Deafness : The most serious pathological effect is deafness
or hearing loss. The victim is generally unaware of it in
early stages. The hearing loss may be temporary or
permanent. Temporary hearing loss results from a specific
exposure to noise; the disability disappears after a period of
time up to 24 hours following the noise exposure.

21. Effects of noise exposure…
(2) NON-AUDITORY EFFECTS:
• Interference with speech : Noise interferes with speech
communication. In everyday life, the frequencies causing most
disturbance to speech communication lie in the 300-500 Hz
range. Such frequencies are commonly present in noise
produced by re a: and air traffic.
• Annoyance : This is primarily a psychological response.
Neurotic person s: are more sensitive to noise than balanced
people. Workmen exposed to higher intensity of noise in an
occupational area were often irritated, short tempered and
impatient and more likely to resort to agitation and disrupt
production.
• Loss of working Efficiency : Where mental concentration is to
be undertaken, a low level of noise is always desired.
Reducing intensity of noise has been found to increase work
output.

22. Effects of noise exposure…
Non auditory effects…
• Physiological changes A number of temporary
physiological changes occur in the human body as a
direct result of noise exposure. These are : a rise in
blood pressure a rise in intracranial pressure, an
increase in heart rate : breathing and an increase in
sweating. General symptoms such as giddiness, nausea
and fatigue may also occur. Noise interferes with sleep.
• Noise is also said to cause visual disturbance. It is said
to cause a narrowing of pupils, affect colour perception
and reduce night vision.
• Besides affecting health, noise is also a significant
factor in economic losses. The potential cost of noise
induced hearing loss to industry is quite great.

23. Control measures
• A variety of approaches may be needed to control noise These include:
(1) CAREFUL PLANNING OF CITIES : In planning cities, the following measures
should be taken to reduce noise;
• Division of the city into zones with separation of areas concerned with
industry and transport.
• The separation of residential areas from the main streets by means of
wide green belts. House fronts should lie not less than 15 metres from the
road and the intervening space should be thickly planted with trees and
bushes.
(2) CONTROL OF VEHICLES : Heavy vehicles should not be routed into narrow
streets. Vehicular traffic on residential streets should be reduced.
Indiscriminate blowing of the horns should be prohibited.
(3) TO IMPROVE ACOUSTIC INSULATION OF BUILDING : From the acoustic
standpoint, the best arrangement is construction of detached buildings
rather than a single large building or one that is continuous. Installations
that produce noise or disturb the occupants within dwellings should be
prohibited. Buildings should be sound-proof where necessary.

24. Water-Related diseases…
• Chemical pollutants include detergent solvents, cyanides,
heavy metals, minerals and organic acids, nitrogenous
substances, bleaching agents, dyes, pigments, sulphides,
ammonia, toxic and organic compounds of great variety.
• In addition to the above, water is associated with the
following;
(a) Dental health : The presence of fluoride at about 1 mg/
litre in drinking water is known to protect against dental
caries, but high levels of fluoride cause mottling of the
dental enamel;
(b) Cyanosis in infant : High nitrate content of water is
associated with methaemoglobinaemia. This is a rare
occurrence but may occur when surface water from
farmland, treated with a fertilizer, gain access to the water
supply.

25. Water-Related diseases…
(c) Cardiovascular diseases: Hardness of water
appears to have a beneficial effect against
cardiovascular disease
(d) Some diseases are transmitted because of
inadequate use of water like shigellosis, trachoma
and conjunctivitis. ascariasis, scabies.
(e) Some diseases are related to the disease
carrying insects breeding in or near water like:
malaria, filaria, arboviruses etc.

26. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
WATER POLLUTION
• Safe Disposal of Excreta and Sewage
• Purification of water
Safe Disposal of Excreta and Sewage
• In rural areas safe disposal of excreta is encouraged by having
sanitary latrines such as bore hole, water seal, septic tank latrines.
In towns and cities, human excreta and waste water from
residential areas are removed through underground sewerage
system to a sewage disposal treatment plant.
Purification of Water
• Purification of water is considered under two headings:
• 1. Purification of water on a large scale
• 2. Purification of water on a small scale

27. Land pollution
• Land pollution is the degradation of the earth’s
land surface through misuse of the soil by poor
agriculture practices, mineral exploitation,
industrial waste dumping and indiscriminate
disposal of urban wastes.
• It includes visible waste and litter as well as
pollution of the soil itself.

28. Land pollution…
• Soil pollution: mainly due to chemicals in herbicides(weed
killers) and pesticides (poisons which kill insects and other
invertebrate pests). Litter is waste materials dumped in
public places such as streets,parks,picnic areas at bus stop
and near shop.
• Waste disposal: the accumulation of waste threatens the
health of people in residential areas. Waste decays,
encourages household pests and turns urban areas into
unsightly, dirty and unhealthy places to live in.

29. Control measures
• Anti-litter campaign can educate people
against littering.
• Organic waste can be dumped in places far
from residential areas.
• Inorganic materials such as metals, glass and
plastic can be recycled.

30. Effects of environmental pollution
• The certain gases as co2, CO, SO2, etc. in the
atmosphere has capacity to trap heat emitted
from the earth’s surface thereby insulating
and warming the earth is known as green
house effect or atmospheric effect.
• Without the thermal blanketing of the natural
green house effects, the earth climate would
be about 33 degree C to cold for most living
organisms to survive.

31. SOIL POLLUTION& IT’S CONTROL
Presented By: Srijeet and Hardik
Grade : VI ( Everest)
School : Vishwa Adarsha School

32. Here is the presentation starter.

33. World Health organitation (WHO)
Whohas the authorityto declarea "Global
Emergency"?

34. CONTENTS
• What is Soil..?
• What is soil pollution ?
• How is it caused ?
• Types of soil pollution .
• What are the effects of soil pollution ?
• How can we control soil pollution ?

35. What is Soil..??
• Soil is the thin layer of materials that covers the
Earth's rocky surface . Soil is composed of
particles of broken rock that have been altered by
chemical and mechanical processes that include
weathering and erosion.

36. SOIL POLLUTION
• It is defined as the build-up in soils of persistent
toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive
materials, or disease causing agents, which have
adverse effects on plant growth and animal health.
• Soil pollution is also caused by means other than
the direct addition of xenobiotic (man-made)
chemicals such as agricultural runoff waters,
industrial waste materials, acidic precipitates, and

37. Causes of Soil
Pollution
• Seepage from a landfill
• Discharge of industrial waste into the soil
• Percolation of contaminated water into the soil
• Rupture of underground storage tanks
• Excess application of pesticides, herbicides or
fertilizer
• Solid waste seepage
• Deforestation and Soil erosion

38.  Excess use of
pesticides etc.
Excess use & disposal of Plastics and polyethenes.

39.  Industrial Wastes
 Solid waste

40. The most common chemicals involved in
causing soil pollution are:
• Petroleum hydrocarbons
• Heavy metals
• Pesticides
• Solvents

41. TypesofSoilPollution
• Agricultural Soil Pollution
i) pollution of surface soil
ii) pollution of underground soil
• Soil pollution by industrial effluents and solid wastes
i) pollution of surface soil
ii) disturbances in soil profile
• Pollution due to urban activities
i) pollution of surface soil
ii) pollution of underground soil

42. Some effects of soil pollution:
•Pollution runs off into rivers and kills the fish, plants and other
aquatic life.
•Crops and fodder grown on polluted soil may pass the pollutants
on to the consumers.
• Polluted soil may no longer grow crops and fodder
• Soil loses its fertility.
• May release vapours and hydrocarbon into buildings and cellars
• May create toxic dusts
• May poison children playing in the area

43. Some effects of soil pollution:

44. Methods to control Soil
Pollution
• Reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.
• Recycling is another way to reduce and control soil
pollution. Recycling paper, plastics and other materials
reduces the volume of refuse in landfills, another common
cause of soil pollution.
• Reusing of materials
• De-forestation, the cutting down of trees, causes
erosion, pollution and the loss of fertility in the topsoil.
Planting trees--or re-forestation--helps prevent soil
erosion and pollution.

45. MethodstocontrolSoilPollution

46. Save Our Earth

47. water pollution and it's
control

48. • WHAT IS WATER POLLUTION ?
Any chemical ,physical or biological change in the water
that has a harmful effect on living things is called
water pollution.
WATERPOLLUTION

49. A picture of water pollution.

50. Causes of water pollution
• industrialWaste.Industriesandindustrialsitesacrosstheworldarea
majorcontributortowaterpollution.
• MarineDumping.
• SewageandWastewater.
• Oil LeaksandSpills.
• GlobalWarming.
• RadioactiveWaste.
• Etc.

51. • typhoid
• cholera
• dysentery
• gastroenteritis
• hepatitis
• etc
Diseases caused bywater pollution.

52. • Reuse treated water for non-drinking purpose.
• Use of sewages andcity waste for irrigation in
agriculture
• Banof dumping industrial waste in anunsafe way.
• Recycling and composting citywastes.
Measuresto control water pollution.

53. • What is mental health?
• Mental health is a condition of having a good level
of congnitive or emotional well being or an absence
of a mental disorder.
Mental health

54. • They have an ability to make adjustments to accept
themselves,other and nature.
• Theyhavean ability to learn.
• Thycan give andaccept love.
• Theyhavesense of personal security and responsibility.
Characteristices of mentally healthy person.

55. HEALTH
GRADE 6
BOYS

56. Vocabulary
Enhancement

57. Holistic Health
 Harmony and balance
in all aspect of health-
physical, mental,
emotional, social and
moral-spiritual.

59. FIVE
DIMENSIOS
OF HOLISTIC
HEALTH

62. Physical Health
refers to the state of the
body its compositions,
development, functions,
and maintenance

63. Physical Health
also means the
ability to carry out
daily task without
becoming to tired.

64. Few ways to ensure good
physical health…

65.  To keep the body and mind
energized. Eat nutritious foods.

66.  To prevent eating disorder.
Never skip meals or overeat.

67.  To cleanse the body, drink
8-10 glasses a day.

68.  To increase immunity and endurance
levels of the body, maintain fitness by
exercising the body

69.  To detect illness at early stage
have a regular check-ups.

70.  To enhance growth and development, sleep
at least 7 uninterrupted hours daily.

71.  To prevent addiction, avoid
taking addictive substances.

73. Mental or Intellectual
Health
 Refers to the cognitive ability
and skills to improve one’s
quality of life.
 It is the ability to reason out,
analyze, evaluate, create and
make rational decisions.

74. Some ways to
attain good
• mental health…

75.  Set realistic goals

76.  Look at every opportunity
with an open mind.

77.  Know the demands and
expectations from you.

78.  Maintain a positive outlook,
especially when dealing problems
with conflicts.

79. Emotional Health

80. Some ways to
attain emotional
health…

81.  Be aware of and accept one’s
strength and weaknesses

82.  Handle stress and seek help, if
needed

83.  Develop strong communication networks
among family, friends and peers

84. Social Health

85. Social Health
 Refers to the ability to
build and maintain
harmoniously and
satisfying relationships.
Being socially accepted is
also connected to our
emotional well-being.

86. Some ways to
attain social
health…

87. • Increase interaction
with other people

88. •Improve interpersonal
communication skills

89. • Assume a positive self-
image

90. • Interact with different
types of people

91. • Accept and understand
different cultural norms.

92. Moral- Spiritual Health

93. Moral- Spiritual Health
Refers to one’s faith,
beliefs and values.

94.  Being morally and
spiritually healthy
is also looking for
the meaning and
purpose of life.

96.  What is drug abuse ?
 Physical & mental dependence,
 Cause of drug abuse,
 Route of administration,
 Sign & symptoms of drug abuse,
 How drug addiction occur,
 Categories of drug abuse,
Various types of abused drug , their
side effect & mechanism of action,
 Prevention & control of drug abuse.

97. What is drug?
A drug is any substance that, when
absorbed into the body of a living organism,
alters normal bodily function. Drugs are
chemicals that change the way a person’s
body works by altering emotions and
thoughts.
Drugs have been part of our culture
since the middle of last century.

99.  Drug abuse may be defined as the habitual use of
drugs not needed for therapeutic purposes,
solely to alter one's mood, affect of state of
consciousness, or to affect a body function
unnecessarily.
 Continued use of drugs can lead to drug
dependence, a state of physical & mental
dependence.
Commonly abused drugs :
Marijuana, Cocaine, Heroine, Alcohol.
(Sometimes sedatives, coffee and cigarettes can all be used
to harmful excess.)

100. -Bloodshot eyes,
-Pupils larger or smaller than usual,
-Changes in appetite or sleep
patterns,
-Sudden weight loss or weight gain,
-Deterioration of physical
appearance,
-Unusual smells on breath,
-Impaired coordination.
Physical warning : Behavioral warning :
-Poor work,
-Decline in performance,
-Financial Problems,
-Secretive behaviors,
-Sudden change in friends and
associates,
-Accident or trouble prone,
-Lack of motivation and withdrawn,
-Unexplained anxiety.
Sign & Symptoms of drug abuse

101. Effects of drug abuse:
Drug abuse leads to:
 Loss of coordination
 Poor judgment
 Slowed reflexes
 Distorted vision
 Memory loss
Age based statistics
Almost 5.8% of the adult population
Nearly 25% of youth population

102. The Progression of Drug Abuse
tobacco
inhalants
Rx drugs
alcohol
party drugs marijuana
cocaine
heroin
MAJOR PROBLEMS

103. Drugs
Drug Abuse
Drug Dependence
Physical
dependence
Mental
dependence

104. Physical & Mental Dependence
In physical
dependence , the
body has been altered
in ways that create
cravings for the drug
& manifests
withdrawal
symptoms.
In mental
dependence
individual believes
that optimal state of
well being is achieved
only through action of
drug .

106. Route of Administration
Oral
Injection
Snorting
Smoking

107. Categories of drug of
abuse
Narcotics
Hallucinogens Depressants
Stimulants

108. STIMULANTS
Cocaine Nicotine
Amphetamine

109. Stimulants
Stimulants are drugs that
> stimulate the brain and the central nervous system
> increase the state of mental alertness
> decrease appetite
A) Amphetamines
B) Cocaine
C) Nicotine

111. Cocaine
( Erythroxylon coca , local anesthetic & CNS stimulant )
Street name : Crack, Snow , Star dust, Charlie, Nose candy .
Sign & symptoms of cocaine abuse :
Increase agitation .
Disinhibition
Change in concentration & focus .
Common cold like symptoms .
Increase movement .

114. Heroine
•Most infamous product of
opium poppy
•Current resurgence in use:
white powder & black tar
heroin
•High purity and
skyrocketing profits
•Cheaper than “Oxy” and
other pain meds

116. Nicotine
(Nicotiana tabacum ,most addictive drug , potent para-
sympathomimetic stimulant)

117. How is nicotine addictive :
Over time, nicotine affects the neurotransmitter in the
brain changing the way certain brain cells work.
When one stops using nicotine the changes remains for a
while until the brain can revert back to normal state.
These change are what cause the withdrawal symptoms
characteristics of addiction.

118. Amphetamine
(Potent CNS stimulant , phenyl amine derivative , used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,
Street name : Black beauties , co-pilots ,crystal meth , heart )
Sign & symptoms of
amphetamine abuse :
Increased body
temperature
Dry mouth
Increased blood pressure
Faster breathing
Decreased appetite
Euphoria

121. Depressant
Depressant is a substance that
reduces the normal body activity,
function or an instinctive desire
such as appetite for food. It is also
known as “downers”.
Classification of depressants:
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Cannabis
Opioids
Benzodiazepines

123. Memory loss, impaired judgment,
headaches, depression, anxiety,
blackouts, insomnia
Impotency, reproductive disorders
Chronic alcohol use may
result in:
Cancers of the esophagus,
mouth, throat
Heart disease, high blood
pressure, stroke
Liver disease, liver cancer
Muscle damage, osteoporosis
Chronic stomach problems, GI
bleeding, diarrhea , ulcers, malnutrition

124. BENZODIAZEPINES
(Anxiolytic drug & have sedative, hypnotic ,anti convulsant properties)
Street name : Benzos, Downers, Goofballs
Effects of benzodiazepines:
Normal therapeutic dose:
Dry mouth, light headache, confusion.
Acute overdose :
Prolong sleep.
Decrease libido.
Erection problem.

125. Mechanism of action:
Benzodiazepines
Binds with specific regulatory site of GABA receptor in the brain
Enhance GABA activity
Channel opening
Hyperpolarization
CNS depression

126. OPIOIDS
( Synthetic & semisynthetic compounds, used as analgesic & suppress diarrhea,
cough
Street name : Dope , Painkillers , Oxy )
Effects of opioids :
Common :
Constipation
Dry mouth
Sedation
Sweats
Less common :
Delirium
Seizures
Urinary retention
Hallucinations

127. Morphine
(Analgesic & narcotic drug act on CNS , isolate from crude opium
Street name: Smack, Dragon , H , Dope .
If you can’t remember much about Morphine…
…think of MORPHINE :
Myosis
Out of it (sedation)
Respiratory depression
Pneumonia (aspiration)
Hypo-tension
Infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)
Nausea
Emesis

129. Hallucinog
en
Hallucinogens are substances that
alter sensory processing in the brain,
causing perceptual disturbances,
changes in thought processing, and
depersonalization.
Types of hallucinogen
1.Psychedelics (Ex: LSD, Peyote,
mescaline)
2.Dissociative (Ex: Magic mashroom,
ketamin,pcp)
3.Deliriants (Ex: Datura /Jimson Weed)

131. Lysergic acid diethylamide/LSD
( Psychedelic drug ,5HT-agonist,cause hallucination
Street name : Supper man , Dots, Zen , Golden dragon )

132. Agonism and/or antagonism at 5-HT receptors subtypes
Mechanism of action: LSD

133. Marijuana
(Cannabis sativa ,delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol/ THC , common
illicit drug . Street name : Ganja, Hashish , Bhang )
Most common
Dizziness, Dry mouth & Drowsiness
Lower concentration
Common
Euphoria , Blurred vision , Red eye , Headache .
Rare
Anxiety ,Ataxia ,Tachycardia

134. Mechanism of action : (Marijuana)

135. Hospitalization,
Behavioral Therapies,
Occupational Therapy,
Change in addict’s social
environment.
Prevention is better than cure
Treatment for drug addiction:

136. Prevention and Control of Drug
Abuse
Requires knowledge of :
→ Causes of drug-taking behavior,
→ Sources of illicit drugs,
→ Drug laws,
→ Treatment programs,
→ Community organizing skills.
Persistence and cooperation of various individuals
and agencies.

137. Elements of
Prevention
 Education,
 Treatment,
 Public policy,
 Law enforcement.
 Education and treatment goals same:
Reduce demand for drugs
 Public policy and law enforcement goals same:
Reduce supply and availability of drugs.

138. 1) https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications
/drugfacts/marijuana
2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine
3) www.drugfree.org
4) www.marijuana/drug/controlled.com
5) www.projectalert.com
6) www.theantidrug.com

140. Watching