it consists of principles and applications

1.  BY:
 V.SRINANDAN
 M.PHARMACY 1ST YEAR
 DEPT. OF PHARM ANALYSIS

2.  It is a substance or mixture for use in
chemical analysis or in chemical reactions.
 It is used for both qualitative and
quantitative analysis.

3. REAGENTS
Aldehydes Ketones& Quinones Amines Redox reagents
• PDAB
• PDAC
• Ninhydrin
• Folin-Ciocalteau
• 2,6-dichloroquinone
Chloride
• 1,2-napthaquinone –
4-Sulfonate
• 3-mehyl-2
benzthiazole
Hydrazone
• 2,3,5-Triphenyl
tetrazolium
• 2,4Dinitropheny
l Hydrazine
• Bratton-
Marshall
Reagent
• 2,3,5-
Triphenyl
tetrazolium
• 3,5-
Dinitrosalicy
lic acid
Amines
Aldehydes&
Ketones
CLASSIFICATION

4. P-DIMETHYL AMINO
BENZALDEHYDE[PDAB]
C
PRINCIPLE:

5. APPLICATIONS

6. P-DIMETHYL AMINO CINNAMALDEHYDE
[PDAC]
PRINCIPLE:
+
PDAC

7.  To detect indole production in cell.
 Rapid identification of bacteria containing tryptophan enzyme system.
 Analysis of flavonoids.
 Identification of micro organism in urine medium
 Study of narcotic drugs
APPLICATIONS

8. NINHYDRIN:
Ninhydrin Amino Acid
Reduced Ninhydrin
+ -2H2O
Purple colour complex
PRINCIPLE:

9. APPLICATIONS
 Quantitative estimation of antibiotics
Bacitracin
Cycloserine
Polymixin B
 Estimation of drugs like
Folic acid
Methyldopa
Cephalenin
Salbutamol
 For protein analysis
 In bone analysis
 In finger print detection

10. 2,6-Dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide
+
Pyridoxine
Coloured Product2,6dichloroquinone
mono imine

11.  Colorimetric determination of pyridoxine( indo phenol ester)
 Chloramphenicol can be estimated at 555nm it produce purple color
 Procaine HCl at 550nm, it produce pink color.
 Folic acid can measure at 550nm.
 Sulphonamides can also estimated.
APPLICATIONS

12. 3- METHYL BENZOTHIAZOLINONE HYDRAZONE
(MBTH)
PRINCIPLE:

13. It is used in the determination of the following
 Phenols
 Formaldehyde
 Aldehydes
 Poly hydroxyl compounds
 Primaquine- pink(510nm)
 Adrenergic Drugs like Salbutamol, Pholedine
APPLICATIONS

14. In diazonium salt electrophilic reaction takes place
PRINCIPLE:
Sulphonamide diazotization Diazo compound + BMR
coupling
Pink color
Diazo compound BMR coloured complex
BRATTON MARSHALL REAGENT

15.  Estimation of sulphonamides
Eg: sulphamethaxazole- yellow color at 445nm
sulphamethazine- pink color
 In clinical analysis; solution deproteised with alcohol
chloramphenicol- purple color at 555nm
procaine - pink color at 550nm
 Application in quantitative
inorganic analysis of nitrates, nitrite and sulphonamide in blood.
APPLICATIONS
Chloramphenicol
Procaine

16. 2,3,5-TRIPHENYL TETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE
Redox indicator.
PRINCIPLE:
Steroids(alpha-keto grp)
succinate dehydrogenase
TTC (white colour) 1,3,5-triphenyl formazan (red
colour)
{Water soluble } {water insoluble}
𝑅𝐻2 Dehydrogenase R + 2𝐻+
+2𝑒−
(Substrate) ( Oxidised substrate)
Tri-phenyl formazan is formed and extinction in measured in blank reagent

17.  For reducing sugars and also distinguish between
alpha-ketone and simple aldehyde.
 For reducing plant and animal tissues.
 Molybdenum in the plant extract at 250nm.
 Autopsy_ pathology of Heart tissue.
APPLICATIONS