One of the miracles of the modern era is the reliability of the modern grid. An understanding of how a utility operates will not only allow a better understanding of how the electricity we use daily is generated and transported to our homes and businesses but will provide insight into how alternative technologies such as smart grid and demand response will change the way we think of power generation, transmission, and distribution
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Speaking green communcations eco green group utility overview presentation 5 7-2015
1. “An Overview of our Utilities
and how it relates to
sustainability”
Prepared for ECO Green Group
Thursday May 7, 2015
by
Tony Green
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
2. Alternative Energy
Environment
Advanced Materials
Water Conservation
“I believe if people in
general had a better
understanding of how
alternative/clean
technologies worked
there would much
less comprehension
and fear toward
adopting these
technologies.”
A voice for sustainability
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
Speaking Green Communications
3. Agenda
1. Power Generation in California
2. Transmission and distribution to our homes
3. What are Deregulation, Wholesale Markets and CAISO?
4. Utilities in the State of California
5. What is the Renewable Portfolio Standard?
6. Grid Communication – getting Smarter with Smart Meters
7. Demand Response
8. Looking toward the Future
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4. “The Lights Must Stay On”
Source: http://www.nd.edu/~jstiver/FIN360/Lecture%20Slides/The%20US%20Power%20Grid.ppt
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5. How is the energy we consume
produced?
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6. How is the energy we consume
produced?
Photos Courtesy of dreamstime.com
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7. How is the energy we consume
produced?
46,486
13,555
2,323
401
6,567
4,541
2,603
1,579
15,290
MW Generated Conventional and Renewable
Oil/Gas Hydro-electric Nuclear Coal Wind Solar Geothermal Waste to Energy (WTE)
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8. Peaker Plants
http://www.willdecher.com/California-vs-The-Peaker-Plant
operating reserves (readily available generating
capacity) to ensure a reliable supply of electricity.
Can be quickly put into service for
contingencies such as another generator
suddenly becoming unavailable or if demand
for electricity is higher than usual.
TAKEAWAYS
Peakers' plants provide electricity when it's hot, but at
the highest price
-AND-
Peaker plants are outdated, inefficient, coal-fired
pollution factories Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
9. Peaker Plants
http://inside.edison.com/g1012
Number of Plants (at
least .1 MW)
1285
Total MW Online 78,055
Total MW Peaker 5,522
Number of Peaker
Plants
48
Percentage MW of
Peaker
7%
Peaker Plants in California
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10. o Base Load plants are typically steam driven. They operate at 35% efficiency, but
must run at full capacity and are difficult to start up and shut down.
o Peak Load Plants usually use gas turbines. They operate at a lower efficiency,
but can be started up and shut down rapidly.
The Difference in Base Load and
Peak Load
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11. How is the energy we consume
transported?
Source: Presenters personal collection
Source: dreamstime.com
Source: Public Service Commission of Wisconsin Underground Electric Transmission Line
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
12. How is the energy we consumed
produced?
Source:
http://ww2.wapa.gov/sites/western/business/selling/Documents/Construction_Std_
Dwg_Part_One.pdf
Image: Presenter Personal Photo
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
13. How is the energy we consumed
produced?
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
14. How is the energy we consumed
produced?
Image: Courtesy of dreramstime.com
Image: Courtesy of dreramstime.com
Image: Courtesy of dreramstime.com
Image: Presenter Personal Photo
Image: Presenter Personal Photo
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
15. What is Deregulation? How did it
come to pass?
In the past the transmission companies controlled the access to
the power which went through its lines.
Deregulation allowed parties other than the transmission
companies to have access to the power which went through its
lines
Deregulation: The opening of a regulated industry to
competition by legislative action.
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
16. What caused Deregulation?
to occur?
Northeast Blackout (1965) and Three Mile Island (1979)
damaged trust in the industry.
Oil Price Shocks (1973, 1979) and the Clean Air Act
(1970) encouraged the more efficient use of fossil fuels
and development of alternative energy sources
Technological improvement in power generation
(combination power plants)
Large price discrepancy in electricity prices across the
US suggested price discrimination in the industry
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
17. How does the Wholesale market
operate?
There are three basic types transactions that take place on the
grid
Sale for Resale – Wholesale market
Retail Sale of Electricity or the Retail Market
Wheeling (3rd party charges for use of transmission lines)
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18. How does the Whole sale market
Operate? The Power Exchange
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19. What is the Grid?
Source: Plunkett Report U.S. Electric Grid Enhancements include a Smart Grid, Smart Meters and Flow Batteries Updated 03-13-
2014 and Source: Smart Grid and You—The Consumer - NEMA
What is it? It’s electricity with a brain!
It listens, processes, and even responds. Bottom line, it’s all about adding “intelligence” to our aging electric
power infrastructure and delivery systems, from the power plant to the appliances inside your home.
The networks of electric lines that businesses and consumers depend on every day are connected with
and interdependent upon a national network of major lines collectively called “the grid.”
Unfortunately, much of this grid was designed and constructed with technology developed in the
1950s and 1960s, and it was never intended to carry the amazing amount of power that today’s
electricity-hungry Americans consume. Simply put, much of the grid is out of date.
What is the SMART Grid?
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
20. What is CAISO and how did it
come to be?
CAISO was created in 1998 when the state restructured its
electricity markets at the recommendation of the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission (FERC), following the passage of the
Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992
Removed barriers to competition in the wholesale generation of the
electricity business.
The CAISO is regulated by the FERC because interstate transmission
lines fall under the jurisdiction of federal commerce laws.
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
21. What are the major division of
CAISO?
Source: http://www.nd.edu/~jstiver/FIN360/Lecture%20Slides/The%20US%20Power%20Grid.ppt
U.S. Grid with Major Interconnections
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22. How does CAISO operate?
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23. Types of Utilities in California
There are 4 basic groups of Utilities
Investor Owned Based (IOU) – These are the large utility which
serve thousands of customers, these are public companies
which are owned by investors.
2. Municipals - These utilities service a small market area, often
a town, city or county.
3. Cooperative/Rural - often serve smaller metropolitan markets
or rural areas since not economical for large IOU or Municipals
to supply,
4. Federal - These utilities are owned by the federal government.
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24. Examples of each Types of Utility
in California
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25. Local Utilities in Silicon Valley
http://www.energy.ca.gov/maps/serviceareas/Electric_Service_Areas_Detail.pdf
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27. Renewable Portfolio Standard
It is a commitment to make 33% all energy procured
by energy retailers in California renewable by 2020
Who does this cover?
What is it?
Investor owned utilities, energy service providers,
small and multi-jurisdictional utilities, and
community choice aggregators.
Municipal utilities have a voluntary RPS obligation
The RPS also requires retail sellers to achieve intermediate
RPS targets of 20% from 2011-2013 and 25% from 2014-2016.
Note: 20% obligation started in 2010 and continues indefinitely
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
28. Renewable Portfolio Standard
Established in 2002 under Senate Bill 1078, accelerated
in 2006 and expanded in 2011 - California's is one of
the most ambitious renewable energy standards in the
country.
How did it come to be?
Who owns this?
The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) and
the California Energy Commission (CEC) jointly
implement and administers RPS compliance rules for
California’s retail sellers of electricity.
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29. Renewable Portfolio Standard
California's three large IOUs collectively
served 22.7% of their 2013 retail electricity
sales with renewable power.
How are we doing?
Source: http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/Renewables/
Since 2003, 8,248 MW of renewable capacity
achieved commercial operation under the
RPS program. In 2014, 3529 MW of capacity
reached commercial operation.
Image: Courtesy of dreramstime.comImage: Courtesy of fotolia.us
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30. Renewable Portfolio Standard
IOU progress towards 33% renewables, actual and forecasted by year
Reference: Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) Quarterly Report 4th Quarter 2014
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31. Renewable Portfolio Standard
Renewable resource mix, actual and forecasted by year
Reference: Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) Quarterly Report 4th Quarter 2014
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
32. Smart Meters – Starting from dumb
And getting smarter all the time
http://extension.psu.edu/natural-
resources/energy/aec-
program/resources/real-time-pricing-
fact-sheet/download.
Source: Presenter’s personal
collection
Source: Presenter’s personal
collection
A smart meter is a device that can communicate with the utility as well
as the consumer’s equipment and records and relays detailed
consumption patterns to the utility.
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
33. Smart Meters Operation
Source: Presenter’s personal
collection
SMART METERS:
Transmit use data to the
utilities
Alert utilities to service
interruptions
Display price fluctuations
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35. Smart Metering
To keep in mind:
Smart metering does not refer to just the meter. It comprises an entire system
capable of functionalities Example load control programs, demand response
Automatic meter reading (AMR) is the technology by which the power
consumption data from the metering device is transferred to a central location for
further analysis. ONE WAY
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)--paved the way for two way
communication between the meters and the utility. This feature promises
improved operational and energy efficiency, customer service, and environmental
protection. TWO WAY
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
36. Demand Response
The terms “load management,” “peak load reduction,” and
“curtailment” can all be used to describe Demand Response.
“reducing or shifting their electricity usage during peak periods in response
to time-based rates or other forms of financial incentives.”
Can applied to consumer and business, typically serviced by
difference vendors.
Can be accomplished by a variety of methods: time-of-use pricing,
critical peak pricing, variable peak pricing, real time pricing, and
critical peak rebates
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37. Demand Response
“What could cause a Demand Response?
Hot for days on end
Cold snap
Weather conditions
Generation facilities are
closed
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38. Sequence of a Demand
Response Event
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39. Example of a Demand
Response Event
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40. The Future?
I see the following technologies emerging:
1. Distributed Generation
2. Small Modular Reactors (SMR)
3. Direct Current Cable High Voltage Transmission
4. Grid Storage
5. “Overgen”
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
41. Summary
1. How a utility operates and what a SMART grid is
2. Baseline load / what a peaker plant is
3. Demand Response
4. Smart Meter and Smart Grid
5. What is the Renewable Portfolio Standard?
6. What was deregulation?
7. How electricity is sold in California
8. Insight into Trends
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
42. Why Book
Tony?
Tony’s background in clean-
tech which includes
experience in water, energy,
chemicals and the
environment and his
communication skills refined
from this time in
sales/marketing will ensure
attendees will walk away with
timely information and insights
presented in an easy to absorb
manner.
Copyright @Speaking Green Communications 2015
Speaking Green Communications