2. Continuous over the entire building enclosure or continuous over the enclosure of any given unit• Able to withstand the forces that may act on them during and after construction • Durable over the expected lifetime of the building

3. Attic Ventilation Attic Ventilation is necessary to keep moisture out of the attic space. Soffit Vent

4. Attic Ventilation Ridge Vent

5. Attic Ventilation Gable Vent

6. Attic Ventilation Roof Turbine

7. Backhoe A backhoe is used for a variety of tasks such as: digging, breaking asphalt, paving roads, and landscaping. In this picture the backhoe bucket is 30”.

8. Batter Boards Horizontal boards attached level to stakes, used to mark out the boundary of a construction and establish the levels and building line

9. Brick Arches Bonded Arch

10. Brick Arches Jack Arch

11. Brick Arches Cont. Arch with a keystone Centering: The use of wood to support arches being built.

12. Brick Bonds Flemish Bond: stretcher, header, stretcher, header all on the same course. Common Bond: a header course every sixth course.

13. Brick Bonds Cont. Soldier

14. Brick Bonds Cont. Stretcher Rowlock

15. Brick Sizes Roman Brick 3 ½ ” x 11 ½ ” x 1 5/8” Standard Brick 3 ½ ” x 7 ½ ” x 2 ¼”

16. Bulldozer Used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc.

17. Cladding Brick EIFS

18. Cladding Stone Siding (Random Rubble)

19. Cladding Wood Boards

20. Cladding Wood Shakes Wood Shakes: split wood. Wood Shingles: sawn wood.

21. Code Requirements Egress Requirements- Minimum width of opening: 20 in. Minimum height of opening: 24 in. Minimum net clear opening: 5.7 sq. ft. (5.0 sq. ft. for ground floor). Maximum sill height above floor: 44 in. Measurements - Height: 58” Width: 32” Height above floor: 38”

22. Code Requirements Stair Measurements- Riser Height: 7” Tread Depth: 10” IBC Requirements- Stair riser heights shall be 7 inches maximum and 4 inches minimum Minimum tread depth of 9 inches.

23. Concrete Joints Control Joint: A groove which is formed, sawed, or tooled in a concrete or masonry structure to regulate the location and amount of cracking and separation.

24. Concrete Masonry Unit CMU: A large rectangular brick used in construction. The most commonis 8 in × 8 in × 16 in, the actual size is usually about 3/8 in smaller to allow for mortar joints.

25. Doors Flush Door

26. Doors Cont. Panel Door

27. Electrical Components Power Pole with Transformer: used to support overhead power lines and various other public utilities, such as cable, and fiber optic cable. The transformer changes the final voltage of the power that will be distributed to the houses.

28. Electrical Components Cont. Service Meter: is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business , or an electrically-powered device.

29. Electrical Components Cont. Service Panel: is a component of an electricity supply system which divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits

30. Electrical Components Cont. Duplex Receptacle: Connectors used for main electricity. Also known as a power outlet.

31. Electrical Components Cont. Service Head: is a weatherproof entry point for above-ground electrical wiring

32. Framing Elements 1. Anchor Bolt 2. Sill Plate

33. Framing Elements 3. Floor Joist

34. Framing Elements 4. Subflooring

35. Framing Elements 5. Sole Plate 6. Stud 7. Top Plate

36. Framing Elements 8. Stringer

37. Framing Elements 9. Ceiling Joist

38. Framing Elements 10. Rafter 11. Roof Decking

39. Framing Elements 12. Sheathing

40. Front End Loader Front End Loader: used to pick up/load material such as asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc. A front end loader differs from a backhoe or bulldozer because it actually picks up loads of material where as a backhoe is more for digging and a bulldozer just pushed materials.

41. Gypsum Board The common method of constructing interior walls and ceilings using panels made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper

42. Heat Pump Advantage - Heat pumps are one of the most efficient systems you can buy to heat your home. This means saving energy and paying lower bills Disadvantages - If you live in an area that is frequently below freezing in winter, a back up system may be required to provide enough heat for the entire home. Air Handling Unit: is a device used to condition and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning

43. Heat Pump Compressor/Evaporator - The electric motor or other prime mover puts energy into the air stream through the compression process.

44. Insulation Batt/Blanket - and is used to insulate below floors, above ceilings, and within walls. Generally, batt insulation is the least expensive wall insulation material but requires careful installation for effective performance.

45. Insulation Rigid Board - can be used to insulate almost any part of your home, from the roof down to the foundation. They provide good thermal resistance and often add structural strength to your home.

46. Insulation Foam - Can fill wall cavities in finished walls without tearing the walls apart. Foam insulation is fire safe and provides acoustical insulation.

47. Insulation Loose Fill - conform to spaces and fill in the nooks and crannies

48. Lintel Lintel – a horizontal block that spans the space between two supports

49. Mortar Flush Joint Troweled ¼” Thick Used on Dormitories Portland cement mortar

50. Mortar Concave Joint Troweled ¼” Thick J & M Bookstore Portland cement mortar

51. Oriented Strand Board OSB is a solid panel product of consistent quality with no laps, gaps or voids.It is manufactured from waterproof heat-cured adhesives and rectangular shaped wood strands that are arranged in cross-oriented layers, similar to plywood.

52. Plumbing Lavatory 1 ½” drain piping

53. Plumbing Water Closet 1 ½” drain piping

54. Plumbing

55. Plumbing Plumbing Vent - is a system that removes sewage and greywater from a building and vents the gases produced by said waste.

56. Plumbing Drop In Sink

57. Plywood Plywood is a manufactured wood, made by gluing together a number of thin veneers or plies of softwood or hardwood.

58. Radiant Barrier Radiant barriers are installed in home to reduce summer heat gain and winter heat loss, which helps lower heating and cooling costs.

59. Rebar ½” #4 bar

60. Steep Roof Drainage Splash Block - A pad placed under the lower end of a downspout and diverts the water from the downspout away from the house. Usually made out of concrete or fiberglass.

61. Steep Roof Drainage Gutter - channel along the eaves or on the roof; collects and carries away rainwater

62. Steep Roof Drainage Downspout - a vertical pipe for carrying rainwater from a rain gutter to ground level.

63. Steep Roof Materials Underlayment - used beneath roofing to provide additional protection for the deck.

64. Steep Roof Materials Clay Tile Shingles

65. Steep Roof Materials Clay Shingles Shingle - A small, thin piece of building material, often with one end thicker than the other, for laying in overlapping rows as a covering for the roof or sides of a building

66. Steep Roof Materials Metal Panel Roof Materials typically used: Corrugated galvanized steel, Aluminum, or Copper

67. Steep Roof Shapes Gambrel Roof

68. Steep Roof Shapes Mansard

69. Steep Roof Shapes Gabel Roof

70. Steep Roof Shapes Hip Roof

71. Steep Roof Terms Ridge - horizontal line formed at the junction of the top edges of a roof's surfaces.

72. Steep Roof Terms Rake - The overhang of an inclined roof plane beyond the vertical wall below it.

73. Steep Roof Terms Valley - The junction where two roof surfaces at different orientations or pitches meet. Eave - An eave is the edge of a roof

74. Steep Roof Terms Soffit - the underside of the roof.

75. Steep Roof Terms Fascia - any horizontal surface which spans across the top of columns or across the top of a wall. No Fascia

76. Stone Random Rubble

77. Stone Random Ashlar

78. Stone Coursed Ashlar

79. Stone Coursed Rubble

80. Vapor Retarder A layer of material or a laminate used to appreciably reduce the flow of water vapor into a roof assembly. It is put on the back side of insulation.

81. Waterproofing Fully Adhered Treatment of a surface or structure to prevent the passage of water under hydrostatic pressure.

82. Weep Hole A small hole in a wall which permits water to drain off.

83. Welded Wire Fabric Welded wire fabric is a thin sheet of cross wiring used as support for concrete that has a 6” x 6” grid.

84. Windows This is an awning window because it swings out from the bottom.

85. Windows This is an outswinging casement window because it swings out side ways.

86. Windows These are all double hung windows because they have a separate top and bottom.