1. DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT
CONCEPTCONCEPT

2. WHAT IS A DISASTER ???

3. Disaster comes from two French words
Des – Bad or Evil
Astre - Star
Disaster means loss of life and
property due to unfavorable star

4. DISASTER
A situation of hardship and human suffering
arising from events which causes physical loss or
damage, social and /or economic disruption from
which the country or community is unable to
fully cope alone.

5. WHAT MAKES A DISASTER
Disasters are the combination of a
number of factors:
Hazards
Risks
Vulnerability
Capacity

6. Hazard
Phenomena that pose a threat to people,
structure or assets and which may cause
a disaster

7. RISK
The risk is generally defined as the expected
impact caused by a particular phenomenon. It
combines the likelihood or probability of a disaster
happening and the negative effects that result if
the disaster happens.

8. RISK
The risk is generally defined as the expected
impact caused by a particular phenomenon. It
combines the likelihood or probability of a disaster
happening and the negative effects that result if
the disaster happens.

9. VULNERABILITY
Human vulnerability is the extent to which an
individual, community, sub-group, structure,
service or geographical area is likely to be
damaged or disrupted by the impact of a
particular hazard.

10. Types of vulnerability
• Physical vulnerability
• Social vulnerability
• Economic vulnerability

11. Physical vulnerability
Infrastructure
– Transport system-Roads, Railways, Bridges,
Ports & Airports
– Utility Services-Water supply, Electricity, Tele
communication, Sewerage & Embankments
– Critical Govt. and Private facilities-Health
facilities, Educational institutions, Offices,
Dams

12. Social Vulnerability
• Special category people
– Elderly people
– Children & pregnant women
– Sick and ailing people
– Widows and single women
– Physically and mentally handicapped
– Families living near the sea
– Fishermen at sea
– People living near rivers and creeks
continued…..

13. Social Vulnerability continued..
• Damage of social fabric
• Damage to human relationship
• Psychological trauma
• Emotional breakdown

14. Economic vulnerability
• Livelihoods
• Standing crops, Horticulture trees, Plantations
• Family assets and valuable documents
• Pet animals
• Loss to economic assets of individuals and and
state
• Loss to economic processes involving
individuals, families and state

15. CAPACITY
A capacity refers to the internal and external
resources, peoples, households and communities
have to cope with in situations that threaten their
life and well being.

16. Factors Determining Risk
H + V – C = R
Hazard +Vulnerability – Capacity =
Risk

17. Types of Disasters
• Water and Climate related
• Geologically related
• Chemical/Industrial
& Nuclear
• Accident related
• Biological

18. Water & Climate related Disasters
• Floods, Water Logging, Drainage
• Cyclones, Tornadoes, Hurricanes, Hailstorms
• Cloud bursts, thunder, lightning
• Landslides
• Heat & Cold wave
• Sea erosion
• Drought

32. Geological Disasters
• Earthquakes
• Dam Bursts
• Mine Fires

37. TSUNAMI
• Caused by vertical movement of sea bed
• Two tsunamis per year in world
• A destructive Pacific wide tsunami in every 15
years
• Velocity depends on depth of sea
• Speed is 700 kmph for 4000 m depth,36 kmph
for 10m
• Size could be from few cms to over 30M
• Can flood land up to 1.5 km from the coast

39. Chemical/Industrial &Nuclear
• Chemical disasters (Bhopal Gas Tragedy,3rd
Dec,1984)
• Industrial disasters
• Oil spills/Fires
• Nuclear (Hiroshima and Nagasaki)

43. Accident related disasters
• Boat / Road / Train Accidents / Air Crash
• Building Collapse
• Electric Accidents
• Rural / Urban Fires
• Festival related disasters
• Mine Flooding
• Bomb /Serial Bomb Blasts

44. Biological Disasters
• Human / Animal Epidemics
• Pest Attacks
• Food Poisoning

51. Damage due to Cyclone in Orissa -
1999
17th
-18th
Oct 1999 20th
-30th
Oct 1999
Districts affected 4 12
Villages affected 5181 14,643
Population affected 37.47 Lakh 129.22 Lakh
Crop area affected 1.58 Lakh 18.43 Lha
Houses damaged 331,580 18,28,532
Human life loss 199 9,887
Cattle loss 10,578 4,44,531
Source: Source : Annual Reports, NDM Divn., MOA

52. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
How???

54. Components of Disaster Management
1.Response
2. Recovery
3. Prevention
4. Preparedness and Mitigation

55. Disaster Response
It involves measures taken in anticipation
of, during and immediately after a disaster
to ensure that the effects are minimized

56. Example of Disaster Response
1.Implementing the Disaster Management
Plans
2.Setting up of medical camps and mobilizing
resources
3.Providing adequate shelter and sanitary
facilities
4.Carrying out Search and Rescue Operation

57. Disaster Recovery
It involves measures, which support
emergency affected areas in
reconstruction of the physical
infrastructure and restoration of
economic and emotional well being

58. Example for Disaster Recovery
1.Restoring services like roads,
communication, electricity, drinking
water supply
2.Reconstructing damaged buildings,
bridges etc.
3.Providing financial support and
employment
4. Alternative Livelihood option
5. Trauma Counseling

59. Disaster Preparedness
It involves measures to ensure that
communities and services are
capable of coping with the effect of
disaster.

60. Example for Disaster Preparedness
1.Community Awareness and Education
2. Community level preparedness
3. Preparation of Disaster Management
plans
4.Proper warning system
5.Mutual aid arrangement
6.Mock drill, training practice

61. Prevention and Mitigation
It involves measures to eliminate or
reduce the incidence of severity of
disasters

62. Example of Prevention and
Mitigation
1.Preventing habitation in risk zones
2.Disaster resistant buildings
3.Enforcement of Building-by-laws
4.Training and Capacity Building

63. Types of Disaster & Nodal Ministry
Types of Disaster Nodal Ministry
Air Accident Ministry of Civil Aviation
Civil Strife Ministry of Home Affaires
Railway Accident Ministry of Railways
Chemical Disasters Ministry of Environment & Forests
Biological
Disasters
Ministry of Health
Nuclear Accident Dept. of Atomic Energy
Natural Disasters Ministry of Home Affaires
Drought Ministry of Agriculture

64. Thank You
Any Questions??