2. WHAT IS THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM?
• One of the most vital organ systems in the
human body.
• The respiratory system supplies the blood
with oxygen.
• Muscles need O _ _ _ _ _ to function which is
provided through the respiratory system.
• The respiratory system removes W _ _ _ _
products such as carbon dioxide, heat and
water vapour.
• Central to the respiratory system are the
lungs - what is the function of the lungs?
• Why is this important for sports?
3. HOW DOES THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
WORK?
• Air flows from the mouth or nasal cavity down
through the pharynx, down to the trachea.
• The air the moves to the bronchi tubes as they
enter the lungs.
• Once the air is in the lungs, it enters separate
branches called the bronchiole.
• Carbon dioxide passes from the bloody into the
alveoli.
• This CO2 is then exhaled.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fVoz4V75_
E
11. RESPIRATORY MUSCLES
There are two main groups of muscles which help to
move air in and out of the lungs:
1. The Diaphragm (Sheet of muscle that runs along the
bottom of the lungs).
2. The Intercostal muscles (Found between the ribs)
Internal intercostal – muscles that lie inside the ribcage
(draw the ribs downwards and inwards when breathing
out)
External intercostal – muscles that lie outside the ribcage
(draw the ribs upwards and outwards when breathing in)
12. MECHANISMS OF BREATHING
• Breathing is the process of inhaling and exhaling air.
• The process involves making the thoracic cavity (chest)
larger, which decreases the air pressure in the lungs.
This forces air into the lungs (inhaling).
• When the thoracic cavity returns to normal size, the air is
forced out (Exhaling).
13. When inhaling…
The intercostal muscles contract
and pull the rib cage up and out.
The diaphragm contracts
causing it to flatten.
The chest cavity gets
larger causing pressure
in the lungs to fall.
Air moves into the lungs
from the higher outside
pressure.
Air
flowing
in
INSPIRATION - BREATHING IN
14. The chest cavity gets
smaller and so pressure
in the lungs increases.
When exhaling…
EXPIRATION - BREATHING OUT
The intercostal muscles relax
and so the rib cage returns
to normal.
The diaphragm relaxes
pushing it up.
Air flows out of the lungs.
During periods of exercise, expiration becomes an active process,
involving the forced expulsion of air.
Air
flowing
out
15. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
DIFFUSION
• How gases move in open air.
E.G Oxygen passes through one cell membrane to get into or
out of a cell.
• The movement of a gas from an area of high concentration to
low concentration
• In the Respiratory System diffusion takes place in the L _ _ _ _
and the M _ _ _ _ _ _
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pr
e_2011/cells/cells3.shtml
16. GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange is the process by which one type of gas is exchanged for another. In the
lungs, gaseous exchange occurs by diffusion.
• LUNGS- High in O2 in lungs and low in CO2
• Where does the diffusion take place?
• O2 is transported to the red blood cells by haemoglobin
• MUSCLES – High in CO2 and low in O2 due to the energy production
• Where does the diffusion take place?
Capillaries = one cell thick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZvzl8KH6iI
17. GASEOUS EXCHANGE
• The oxygen in the air we breathe
passes through the walls of the
alveoli into the capillaries and
enters blood stream.
• In exchange for oxygen, carbon
dioxide leaves blood stream from
the capillaries into alveoli, and is
then exhaled.
18. EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS
• Identify the structure of air passing
through the respiratory system (3 marks)
• Explain the structure of the alveoli (3
marks)
19. KAHOOT
• How much do you know?
https://create.kahoot.it/details/respiratory-system/7e8951b1-938a-4a8c-
950b-3eaad8c08210
21. RESPIRATORY RATE
• The amount of air you breathe in one minute.
• For a typical 18 year old, this represents about 12 breaths per minute at
rest, during which time about 6 litres of air pass through the lungs.
• What do you think happens when we exercise?
Significant increase by as much as 30-40 breaths per minute
PRINT OUT LUNG VOLUME AND CAPACITIES ON A HEALTH ADULT
22. • Tidal volume - the amount of air
inspired
and expired with each normal breath
during rest or exercise
• Vital capacity - the greatest amount
of air
that can be made to pass into and out
of
the lungs by the most forceful
inspiration
and expiration (4 to 5 litres approx)
23. • Inspiratory reserve volume – When breathing in
deeply, it is possible to take in more air than usual
so that more oxygen can reach the alveoli.
Is this important when exercising?
• Expiratory reserve volume – The amount of
additional air that can be breathes out after normal
expiration
24. • Residual volume – The air that
remains in the lungs after maximal
expiration after breathing out as hard
as you can.
• Total Lung Capacity – your total lung
capacity after you have inhaled as
deeply and as much as you can after
maximal inspiration.
25. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
SHORT TERM – IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
• Increased breathing rate
• Increased tidal volume
• Increased respiratory volume – the
amount of air moving through the lungs
in one minute
29. RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
LONG TERM – 6 WEEKS OR MORE
• Increased strength of respiratory
muscles
• Decreased breathing rate
• Increased vital capacity
• Decrease in residual volume
34. The respiratory system is the means by which…
How does the Respiratory System
contribute to performance in Sport?
______________ is removed.
As a result, it is the respiratory system
which enables…
Blood to become rich in oxygen and…
The blood to supply the body with oxygen and to remove the carbon dioxide from every cell.
The Respiratory System is vital to
Performance in Sport.
_____________ is brought into the body.
Hinweis der Redaktion
Your body’s ability to inhale and transport oxygen while removing waste products is critical to sports performance.
From the lungs diffusion takes place through the membrane of the alveoli and the capillaries
From the muscle diffusion takes place at the muscle cell from blood/capillaries
Nasal Cavity – Pharynx – Larynx – Trachea – Bronchi – Bronchioles – Alveoli
Tiny air sacs with a large surface area, capillaries which are one cell thick to allow gaseous exchange, oxygen entering the bloodstream via haemoglobin (1) Allowing bloody to be delivered to working muscles (1) Meaning that performer can work aerobically for longer periods of time, applying to a sporting example (1).
To get oxygen to the working muscles – removal of waste products
Why is this important for a footballer?
Breathing more deeply to help oxygen move around to the working muscles faster
the amount of air moving through the lungs in one minute
More air passing through the lungs – increased respiratory volume
What are the respiratory muscles? Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
How does this benefit an athlete?
More space for lungs to inflate therefore bringing in more air per breath.
Stronger intercostal muscles, bigger space so lungs will inflate more therefore more air can be expired
If residual volume increases it will use up more space so less residual volume means more air in lungs being used so there is less dead air that comes down to more space being available for the lungs to inflate
