CBSE Class 11- Chemistry Ch 14- Environmental Chemistry Part 3

3. Soil
Pollution
Industri
al Waste
Strategies
to Control
Pollution
Green
Chemistry

4. Green Chemistry
Strategies to Control
Environmental Pollution
Waste Management Collection and Disposal
Industrial Waste
Biodegradable Non-Biodegradable
Soil Pollution
Causes Pesticides Biomagnification
Effects of
Soil
Pollution
In this part we will learn about

5. Causes of
SP

6.  You must be aware of certain physical and chemical characteristics of pesticides: solubility,
adsorption, persistence, and volatility to know how they move in the environment and interact with it.
Pesticides
 Pesticides are broken down or degraded by:
 Chemical degradation usually involves a
chemical reaction with water; it does not
involve living organisms.
 Microbial action is the breakdown of
chemicals by soil microorganisms, such as
fungi or bacteria.
 Photodegradation is the breakdown of
chemicals in reaction to sunlight.
 Volatility is the tendency of a pesticide to
turn into a gas or vapor. The chance of
volatilization increases as temperatures and
wind increases
 Warm, wet conditions can increase the
speed of pesticide breakdown; cool, dry
conditions slow down the degradation
process.

7. Positively charged
pesticide particles adsorbed
to negatively charged soil
particle
•Accidental Oil Spills also promote soil pollution. Oil leaks
from fuel stations deteriorates the quality of soil.
•Acid Rain dissolve away the important nutrients of the soil,
thus makes it unsuitable for agriculture.
•Nuclear Waste also promotes soil degradation.
•Heavy Metals such as lead, mercury if mixes with soil
degrades its nutrient quality
•Waste Disposal is a serious issue that causes soil
pollution. Personal waste such as urine and feces are
dumped directly in the form of diapers. It causes both
soil and water pollution.
These toxic materials are then passed from
lower trophic level to higher trophic level and
gets accumulated. This is known as
Biomagnification.
Conc. Increases 10
folds at each level

9. 1. Effect on Health of Humans
o Long term exposure to such soil can affect
the genetic make-up of the body, causing
congenital illnesses and chronic health
problems that cannot be cured easily.
2. Effect on Growth of Plants
o Most plants are unable to adapt when the
chemistry of the soil changes so radically in
a short period of time.
o Fungi and bacteria found in the soil that bind
it together begin to decline, which creates an
additional problem of soil erosion.
o The fertility slowly diminishes, making land
unsuitable for agriculture and any local
vegetation to survive
3. Toxic Dust
o The emission of toxic and foul gases from
landfills pollutes the environment and causes
serious effects on the health of some people.
4. Changes in Soil Structure
o The death of many soil organisms
(e.g. earthworms) in the soil can
lead to alteration in soil structure.
o Apart from that, it could also force
other predators to move to other
places in search of food.
o Industries have been given
regulations for the disposal of
hazardous waste, which aims at
minimizing the area that becomes
polluted.
5. Decreased Soil Fertility
o The toxic chemicals present in
the soil can decrease soil fertility
and therefore decrease in the
soil yield.

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19. Global Air Pollution Data by WHO
 Air pollution levels remain dangerously high in
many parts of the world.
 The World Health Organization (WHO)
shows that 9 out of 10 people breathe air
containing high levels of pollutants. Updated
estimations reveal an alarming death toll of 7
million people every year caused by ambient
(outdoor) and household air pollution.
 It is unacceptable that over 3 billion people
– most of them women and children – are
still breathing deadly smoke every day
from using polluting stoves and fuels in
their homes. If we don’t take urgent action
on air pollution, we will never come close
to achieving sustainable development.”

20. Graph Showing Pollution in India &
Temperature Changes till 2020
Delhi at its highest level of pollution

21. Deaths linkedto ambient air pollution
 WHO estimates that around 7 million people die
every year from exposure to fine particles in
polluted air that penetrate deep into the lungs and
cardiovascular system, causing diseases including
stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, chronic
obstructive pulmonary diseases and respiratory
infections, including pneumonia.
 Ambient air pollution alone caused some 4.2
million deaths in 2016, while household air
pollution from cooking with polluting fuels and
technologies caused an estimated 3.8 million
deaths in the same period.
 More than 90% of air pollution-related deaths
occur in low- and middle-income countries, mainly
in Asia and Africa, followed by low- and middle-
income countries of the Eastern Mediterranean
region, Europe and the Americas

22. The graph showing pollution in main cities of India

23.  While the latest data show ambient air
pollution levels are still dangerously high in
most parts of the world, they also show some
positive progress.
 Countries are taking measures to tackle and
reduce air pollution from particulate matter.
 For example, in just two years, India’s Pradhan
Mantri Ujjwala Yojana Scheme has provided
some 37 million women living below the
poverty line with free LPG connections to
support them to switch to clean household
energy use.
 Mexico City has committed to cleaner vehicle
standards, including a move to soot-free buses
and a ban on private diesel cars by 2025.
Danger
Say no to Plastics
Plant more Trees