drug treatment for Protozoal diseases and helminthiasis

1. Drug therapy for protozoal
diseases and helminthiasis
Presented By;
Sohil shah
M Pharm 1st year
pharmacology
School of Pharmacy,
Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded.
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2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Types protozoal diseases
 Treatment for protozoal diseases
 Helminthiasis
 References
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Protozoans are diverse group of eukaryotic, unicellular organisms.
 Protozoan infections are parasitic diseases caused by organisms formerly
classified in the Kingdom Protozoa. They include organisms classified in
Amoebozoa, Excavata, and Chromalveolata.
 Examples include Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodium (some of which
cause malaria), and Giardia lamblia.[2] Trypanosoma brucei
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4. Types of protozoal diseases04

5. Cont…..
Amoebiasis :-
 Amoebiasis is a protozoan disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica which
secretes enzymes that dissolve the host's tissues.
 Amoebiasis infection is spread by contact with feces, which can occur if water
or food are contaminated or if someone has oral contact with fecal matter.
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6. Cont…..
drugs use in the treatment of Amoebiasis :-
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7. Cont…
Metronidazole :-
 It is the first line drug for the T/t of Amoebiasis
 It is a broad spectrum drug
 This drug is contraindicated in first trimester of pregnency
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8. Cont…
Ciliary Dysentery :-
 it is a form of gastroenteritis caused by a ciliated parasite called Balantidium
coli.
 The parasites are usually found in swine.
 The infection is prevalent in regions with tropical climate and poor
sanitation. No racial or gender bias is reported in its occurrence
 Individuals with this infection typically do not display any signs and
symptoms, if it is mild. However, severe cases can result in symptoms
including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and even perforation of the colon
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9. Cont……
Malaria :-
 Malaria is a mosquito borne infectious disease affecting humans and other
animals caused by parasitic protozoans belonging to plasmodium type
 The disease is most commonly transmitted by an infected female anopheles
mosquito
 The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a
person's blood09

10. Cont……
Treatment of malaria :-
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11. Cont……
Objective of anti malarial drugs :-
 to prevent clinical attack of malaria
 To treat the clinical attack of malaria
 To completely eradicate the parasite from patients body
 To cut down the human to mosquito transmission
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12. Cont……
Chloroquine:-
 It is rapidly acting anti malarial drug against all species of plasmodia
 It generally controls most clinical attacks in 1-2 days with disappearance of
parasites from peripheral blood within 1-3 days
 The mechanism of action of CQ is unknown
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13. Cont……
Drug resistant malaria :-
Many antimalarial drugs kill malaria parasites, but antimalarial drug
resistance (ADR) and toxicity to normal cells limit their usefulness. To
solve this problem researchers from Korea suggest new therapy for drug
resistant malaria by using Plasmodium synthetic lethality inference
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14. Cont……
Drug resistant malaria :-
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15. Kala-azar
 It is also known as Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)
 Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania
genus.
 According to who combination therapy of paromomycin , liposomal Ampho
tericin B and miltefosine is the best T/t for black fever
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16. Helminthiasis
Introduction :-
 Worm infection is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other
animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms,
known as helminths
 Infection with helminths or parasitic worm affect more than 2 billion
people wordwide
 In the human body GIT is the abode of many helminths, but some also
live in tissues or their larvae migrates into tissues
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17. Cont…
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18. Anti-anthelmintics
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19. Cont…
Mebendazole :-
 It is a benzimidazole derivative
 Broad spectrum activity
 It produces nearly 100%cure rates in egg count in
roundworms ,hook worms
 It generally acts by inhibiting the glucose uptake
 And binds to B tubulin and inhibit microtubules
polymerisation
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20. Cont…
PK:-
 It show minimum intestinal absorbtion
 About 70-80 %drug is passed in the faeces
 This drug show high first pass metabolism
side effects :-
At higher doses allergic reactions are seen
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21. Cont…
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22. Cont…
Albendazole:-
 It is congener of mebendazole
 One dose treatment has cure rates in ascariasis
 Moa is similar to mebendazole
 Along with fatty meals absorption is incresed
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23. Cont…
Piperazine :-
 It is highly active drug against ascariasis and enterobius
 This drug is safe in pregnancy
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24. Cont…
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25. REFERENCES
 Essential of medical pharmacology by KD Tripathi 7th edition 2015
 http://www.who.int/malaria/areas/treatment/overview/en/
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3655236/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishmaniasis
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26. THANK YOU
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