Major plant biome - history , definition, 10 India major plant biome name and description.

1. MAJOR BIOME IN INDIA
BY
SNEHA SAHU
SANT GAHIRA GURU UNIVERSITY AMBIKAPUR CHHATTISGARH

2. INTRODUCTION
The Biome concept organizes large Scale ecological variation terrestrial Biomes
are distinguished primarily by their pre dominant, vegetation and are mainly
determined by temperature and rain felt regions of similar climate and
dominant plant types are called Biomes.

3. HISTORY
The term was suggested in 1916 by Clements, originallyas a synonymsfor biotic . Community of miobius(
1877) . The internationalbiologicalprogram. (1964- 74) projects popularized the concept of biome.
However in some contexts , the term biome is used in a different manner.
Definition
Biome , also called major life zone , the largest Geographic biotic unia major. Community of
plants and animals similar life forms and environmental conditions. In includes various
communities and is named for the dominant type of vegetation, such as glasslandor coniferous
forest.

4. MAJOR BIOMES IN INDIA
1. Tropical rain forest biome
In warm and wet climates of the tropics this biome exits with most majestic and fence
vegetation. Species diversity and richness of light form are maximum in this biome. The
species diversity is so height at afternoon difficult to find to individual of same species
in the close vicinity.v there are lots of fun trees with epiphytotic growth of mosses, fern
and archids. The litter fall and there decomposition rate is very high in the forest. The
forest is multi-tier with dense Combi cover tropical rainforest are are common in the
the equatorial bet in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Hawaii ,AmazOnia and also in
Central Africa particularly in the the Zaire basin ragion. In the India rainforest are are
confined to North East in in Assam ,meghalaya ,arunachal Pradesh ,mizoram and
Manipur. Similarly rainforest also accept in South Western region of India like Karnataka
,tamilnadu and Kerala over the year of extensive deforestation in tropics. The rainforest
area rapidly disappeared and slowly converted into you ogricultural land. Rain forest is a
natural forestwhich could not recover by mens many population does there is a great
need for conservation . Are friend forest rather than creation of a rainforest.

5. CONTI…..
Rainforest in Kerala
Rainforest in Assam

6. 2. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST BIOME
In the tropical deciduous forest is very
much preeminent component where forest
shed their leaves before winter onset new
Flush of leaves appear after 2-3 month.
This forest are not so dense as that are
friend forest. There are places where the
diseases forest may be dry and thorny. In
India, decisions forest biome is very much
predominant in Varios plant tropical sal
forest of sal with other II disease was
species is is quite commonground cover
vegetation indices forest is very significant.
Bihar, UP , cg , Maharashtraetc

7. 3. TEMPERATURE FOREST BIOME
• In mid-altitude of mountains temperate
forest biome exits. It extends up to tree line
of upper elevation. In temperate region
mostly broad leaved evergreen forest or
needle leaved coniferous forest or mixture
of species prevailed. The climate have high
humidity and thus having epi- phytes,
mosses, ferns and other lower groups of
plants.
• In Himalayas, the rich biodiversity is
prevailed in temperate biomes. There are a
good number of endemic species of various
groups which prevail in this region. In many
countries, plantation cups were introduced
in temperate climate by removing natural
forest cover and there by destroying the rich
endemic germplasm.
Himalayan

8. 4.BONEAL CONFEROUS FOREST BIOME
• This is a specialised temperate
coniferous forest biome found in high
mountains of Canada and Alaska. The
plant communityhave low statured
forests mostly coniferous species with
ectomycorrhizae in the roots. Soil is
somewhat acidic (4.5 to 5.0 pH) due to
decomposition of needle leave litter.
Often these forest also called Taiga.
Forest floor have swamps and pit bogs.

9. TEMPERATURE GRASSLAND BIOME
• It is well known that grasslands are the most
extensive formations of vegetationtypes found
all over the world and in all ranges of climates
from mesic to xeric and from cold to warm
conditions.The temperate grasslandsare
however extensive in the North America and
are called as prairies. They may be tall grass
prairie, mid grass prairieand short grass prairie
depending upon the height of the herbage
portion. In many countries, the natural
grassland is largelyconverted to grazing land or
croplands. The temperate grassland is
dominatedby graminoidsfollowed by sedges
and forbs or the non-graminoidslike dicot
weeds.

10. 6. TUNDRA BIOMES
• These are extremely cold condition with alpine
or subalpine habitats. Only herbs and dwarf
shrubs are grown along with mosses, lichens and
creepers. Because of extreme cold, the soil
moisture is frozen at a depth of few centimeter
from the top. This is called permafrost.
• There are two kinds of tundra “Arctic tundra" in
the extreme northern latitudes (north of 60ON
latitudes) and alpine tundra on mountain tops
even at lesser latitudes. The regions is snow
covered for sometime in a year. Soils are rich in
organic matter because of very slow
decomposition rate.
Jammu Kashmir, HimachalPradesh, ladakh, arunachalPradesh,
niderland.

11. 7.TEMPARATE AND TROPICAL DESERT BIOME
1. These are two kinds of desert habitats
cold desert and warm or hot desert.
Rainfall is very scanty (less than 500
mm per annum) in hot desert, while
frost and snow are common in cold
desert. Cold desert often noticed in
temperate to subalpine region, with
grasses and succulents,where as hot
desert found in tropics where thorny
forest, scrubs and succulents are
grown.
2. West Indian desert which is a part of
Thar desert is very well known hot
desert, while in the Siberian region cold
desert prevails.
Rajasthan

12. 8.TROPICAL SAVANNA AND GRASSLAND BIOME
• In an estimate it is reported that grass
covered biomes constitute about 42.57%
area in Africa, 6-12% in Asia, over 50% in
Australia and about 80% in South
America. In tropics, the grasslands which
is often called savanna are rich in grasses
and sages interspersed by some shrubs
and trees. But there are dried places
where tall grasses dominate in ravine
land with scattered trees. Moreover the
grassland of various coun- tries are
named in different ways:

13. 9. WETLAND BIOMES
• Wetland habitatconstitutesthe transitionzone between
terrestrial habitatsand deep water bodies. These
includes, swamps, paddy fields, riverine flood plain,
lakes, coastalswamps and so on. These habitatssupport
specialized vegetationcover with characteristic fauna
and serve as the breeding grounds of many migratory
birds. These habitatsconstitute wetlandbiomes. In
tropics wetlandbiome have rich flora and fauna.In many
place such uniquehabitatsare transformed for various
man made activitiesand thus many species of flora and
fauna became extinct from the native region.

14. 10. FRESH WATER BIOMES
• Freshwater biomes include open
water systems such as lakes and
rivers and as water-logged regions
known as bogs, marshes and
swamps. Bogs consistsof impervious
substrateswhere rainfall is high.
They are dominated by the growing
plants able to tolerate waterlogged
and nutrient-poor conditions such as
Sphagnum moss and insectivorous
sundews.

15. Thank you