Stages of Human development

1. JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETA, MYSORE
JSS INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION SAKLESHPURA
TOPIC: DIFFERENT STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
PRESENTED BY:
SNEHA K GOWDA
1ST YEAR B.ED
REG. NO: ED211648
UNDER GUIDENCE OF:
Dr. DINESH M.K
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

2. DIFFERENT STAGES OF HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT

3. INTRODUCTION
The human being is never
static. From conception to death,
he undergoes changes. There are
progressive changes in response to
environmental conditions.
Development is a continuous
process everyone pass through the
series of developmental stages at
different rates and slightly
different ages.

4. DEFINITION
• Human Development is the scientific study, the patters of
growth and change that occurs throughout life.
• Human Development refers to the physical, cognitive,
and psychological development of humans throughout
the lifespan.
• Development is a systematic changes that occur in the
individual between conception and death, or from womb
to tomb.

5. STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Human beings pass through sequential stages, each stages has its own
features and characteristics.
1. Prenatal period - Conception to birth
2. Infancy - Birth to 2 years
3. Early childhood - 2 to 6 years
4. Late childhood - 6 to 12 years
5. Adolescence - 12 to 18 years
6. Early adulthood - 18 to 40 years
7. Middle Adulthood - 40 to 60 year
8. Late adulthood/old age - 61 years to death

6. 1. PRE NETAL PERIOD (conception to birth)
Duration of time a child spends in his mother womb from fertilisation until
birth. During this period, the zygote grows into an embryo and then a fetus.
Prenatal period completes 38 weeks from the date of Conception.
Development involves three phases
1. Germinal stage — first 2 weeks after Conception
formation of zygote, implantation, formation of placenta
2. Embryonic stage — 2 weeks to 2 months
Zygote becomes embryo, Formation of vital organs and systems
3. Fetal stage — 2 months to birth
Bodily growth continuous, movement capability begins, brain cell
multiply, age of viability.

7. PRENATAL

8. 2. INFANCY (Birth to 2 years)
Infancy is defined as the first year of life and is the period of most rapid
growth after birth.
• Extreme depends on adults
• Bodily changes are rapid
• Language of newborn is the cry
• Uncoordinated movements
• Toothless
• Poor vision(focusing range 8 to 12 inches)
• Usually doubles weight by 9 months
• Respond to human voice and touch
• Development of brain and motor skills etc.
• They learn to crawl and possibly walk.

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF
INFANCY
• Infancy is the shortest of all
developmental periods.
• Infancy is a time of adjustment.
• Infancy is a plateau in
development.
• Infancy is a preview of later
development.
• Infancy is a hazardous period.

10. The normal Growth of babies can be broke down into following
areas
• Gross motor – controlling the head, sitting, crawling, maybe even starting
to walk.
• Fine motor – holding a spoon, picking up a piece of cereal between
thumb and finger.
• Sensory – seeing hearing, tasting , touching and talking.
• Language – starting to make sounds, learning some words,
understanding what people say.
• Social – the ability to play with family members and other children.

11. • Early childhood is defined as the period from 2 to 6 years old is a
time of remarkable growth with brain development at its peak.
During this stages, children are highly influenced by the
environment and the people that surrounds them.
• It is a period of rapid – physical, mental, emotional, social and
language development of a child. Apart from these major
developmental aspects such as, development of understanding,
moral values, some common intersts, those are some common
characteristics of early childhood stages.
3.EARLY CHILDHOOD (2 to 6 years)

12. • This is the stage childs
vacabulary and
pronounciation
continues to expand.
• Develops fears
(common fears : fear of
darks, fear of animals)
• Socialize with other
children of their age.
• Begins to read.

13. 4. LATE CHILDHOOD (6 to 12 years)
• Late childhood extends from the age of 6 years to the time
individual become sexually mature. Late childhood is the age
between early childhood and adolescence.
• Child gains greater control over the movements of their bodies.
• Beginning of puberty.
• Increasing ability to participate in meaningful interpersonal
communication provide a necessary foundation for the
challenges of adolescence.
• Develop complex motor skills.
• During this stage children learn values of their society.

14. • The social skills learned through
peer and family relationships.
• Friendship and peer relationship
increase in strength.
• Late childhood is also called as
gang age,Creativeage, play age
and troublesome age.
• Skill of late childhood are self
help skills, Social help skill,
acadamic skill and play skill.
• Fluctuate between maturity and
immaturity.

15. 5. ADOLESCENCE (12 to 18 years)
• The word adolescence comes from Latin word adolescere which
means to “Grow and maturity”
• Adolescence is the period between childhood and adulthood.
• Adolescence is defined as a culturally constructed period that
generally begins as individual reach sexually maturity and ends
when the individual has established an identity as an adult within
his/her social context.
• Adolescence is an Important period for cognitive development as
well as it makes transition in which individual think and reason
about problems and ideas.

16. • Social, psychological,
physical, cultural,
emotional, ideal, mental
changes take place.
• Increased imagination,
knowledge, attention,
decesion making power.
• Trying to establish self –
identity.
• Great influence of peers.

17. Basic needs of Adolescence
• Need for social recognition.
• Need for freedom and emotional
independence from parents and elders.
• Need for security and guidance.
• Need for economic independence.
• Need for identity.
• Need for self awarenes.
• Need for Adventure.
• Need for love.
• Need for self expression and achievement.

18. 6. EARLY ADULTHOOD (18 – 40 years)
• Adulthood is a period of optimum mental
functioning when the individual’s intellectual,
emotional, and social capabilities are at their
peak to career and marriage.
• Physical growth stops.
• Usually learned to accept responsibility for
action and accept criticism.
• Usually knows how to profit from errors.

19. • Social progress from age
related peer groups to
people with similar
interests.
• Emotional maturation
continues to develop.
• Settling down age.
• Difficultperiod of life.
• Develop close friendship
and love with others.

20. • Middle adulthood refers to the period of the
lifespan between early adulthood and late
adulthood.
• Physical change begins to occur: Hair begins to
thin and grey, wrinkles appear, Hearing and
vision decreases, Muscles lose tone.
• Main concerns: children, health, job security,
aging, parents, and fear of aging.
7. MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (40 – 60 years)

21. • Love and acceptance still
take a major role.
• Establishing and
maintaining an economic
standard of living.
• Accepting and adjusting
to the psycholofocal
changes of middle age.

22. 8. LATE ADULTHOOD)/OLD AGE
(61 years and above)
• Late adulthood is the stage of life from the
60s onwords. It is the last stage of physical
change.
• Adjusting to decreasing physical strength and
health.
• Adjusting to retirement and reduced income.
• Adjusting to death of spouse.

23. • In late adulthood, a
variety of psychological
changes may occur,
including some degree of
atrophy of the brain and a
decrease in the rate of
neural processes.
• Establishing an explicit
affiliation with age group.

24. REFERANCE
• Childhood and Adolescence by B.R Ramachandraiah, H.G Devika.
• Psychology of learning and instruction by Dr. H.V. Vamadevappa.
• http://WWW.SlideShare.net