2. • According to the shape of articular surfaces synovial joints
are classified into
. 1.Plane joints
2.Hinge joints(ginglymus)
3.Pivot joints(trochoid)
4.Condylar joints
5.Ellipsoidal joints
. 6.saddle joints(sellar)
7.Ball and socket joints(spheroidal)
3. PLANE JOINTS
• The articular surfaces are nearly flat (plane)
• They permit gliding movements in various directions.
• They allow side to side, back and front movement with slight
rotation.
• These are simplest type of joint movements.
• Examples:
1.Intercapal joints
2.Intertarsal joints
3.Intermetatarsal
. 4.Intermetacarpal
4. HINGE JOINTS
• The articular surfaces are pulley shaped
• Movements are permitted only in one plane
around a transverse axis.
• These joints have strong collateral ligaments to
prevent the other movements.
• The hinge joints are the most common type of
synovial joints
• Examples:1.Elbow joint
2.Interphalangeal joint
3.Ankle joint
4.Knee joint
5. PIVOT JOINTS
• The articular surfaces of one bone is rounded and fits
into the concavity of another bone.
• The movement in a pivot joint has limited rotation
around a central axis.
• Examples:Superior radio ulnar joints permits rotation
of forearm
• Median atlanto axial joint allows the
rotational movements of head.
6. CONDYLAR JOINTS
• The round articular surface of one bone fits
into socket type articular surface of
another bone.
• The end of bone bearing round articular
surface is condyle.
• These joints permit movements in two
directions(biaxial)
• Movements like up and down and side to
side.
• Examples:1.Right and left tempora
mandibular joints
. 2.knee joints
7. ELLIPSOIDAL JOINTS
• The elliptical Convex surface of one
bone articulates with the elliptical
concave Surface of another bone.
• The movements are permitted in two
directions(biaxial).
• Movements like flexion and extension
around transverse axis; abduction and
adduction around anteroposterior
axis;the combination of these
movements produces circumduction.
• Examples:1.Radio-carpal joint
• 2.Atlanto-occipital joint
• 3.metacarpo-phalangeal joint
• 4.metatarso-phalangeal joints
8. SADDLE JOINT
• The articular surfaces are reciprocally
saddle shaped(concavo-convex).
• This unique articulation is modified
Condyloid joint that allows a wide
range of movements
• Examples:1.1st carpo-metacarpal joint
2.sterno clavicular joint
3.calcaneo cuboid joint
9. BALL AND SOCKET JOINTS
• The rounded convex surface of one
bone fits into the cup like socket of
another bone.
• This type of articulation provides
greatest range of movement of all
the synovial joints.
• The movements include flexing,
extension,
abduction,adduction,medial
rotation, lateral rotation and
circumduction.
Examples:1.Hip joint
2.shoulder joint.
